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Cargo preference legislation, agricultural exports, and the future of the Duluth-Superior economy: a legislative history and economic analysis
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Description:Exports are a mainstay of U.S. agriculture. Long-term disposal of agricultural surpluses at subsidy in the face of increasing subsidization by other surplus-​producing regions of the world has built a strong constituency for such subsidy. At the same time that this constituency grew in agriculture, the U.S. maritime shipping fleet sought to mandate that a portion of certain U.S. government cargo shipments be handled exclusively by U.S. carriers. This created a separate and competing constituency for protection. This report examines a policy problem representative of subsidy programs that develop strong constituencies over time: two such subsidies may not only be inconsistent, but in open political conflict. Described here are the effects of conflicting subsidies on two industries involved in international trade, and the effects representative of the damages that competition for protection, rather than competition for markets, has brought to the Port of Duluth-​Superior.
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Sea Grant Document Number:MINNU-T-90-001
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Rights Information:Public Domain
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Compliance:Library
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