Unmanned aircraft systems (UASs) could provide a cost-effective way to close gaps in the observation of the carbon cycle, provided that small yet accurate analysers are available. We have developed a COmpact Carbon dioxide analyser for Airborne Platforms (COCAP). The accuracy of COCAP's carbon dioxide (CO2) measurements is ensured by calibration in an environmental chamber, regular calibration in the field and by chemical drying of sampled air. In addition, the package contains a lightweight thermal stabilisation system that reduces the influence of ambient temperature changes on the CO2 sensor by 2 orders of magnitude. During validation of COCAP's CO2 measurements in simulated and real flights we found a measurement error of 1.2 mu mol mol(-1) or better with no indication of bias. COCAP is a self-contained package that has proven well suited for the operation on board small UASs. Besides carbon dioxide dry air mole fraction it also measures air temperature, humidity and pressure. We describe the measurement system and our calibration strategy in detail to support others in tapping the potential of UASs for atmospheric trace gas measurements.
Sullivan, J. T.; McGee, T. J.; Langford, A. O.; Alvarez, R. J.; Senff, C. J.; Reddy, P. J.; Thompson, A. M.; Twigg, L. W.; Sumnicht, G. K.; Lee, P.; Weinheimer, A.; Knote, C.; Long, R. W.; Hoff, R. M.;
Published Date:
2016
Source:
Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, 121(17), 10377-10390.
Description:
A high-ozone (O-3) pollution episode was observed on 22 July 2014 during the concurrent Deriving Information on Surface Conditions from Column and Vertically Resolved Observations Relevant to Air Quality (DISCOVER-AQ) and Front Range Air Pollution an...
Skinner, P. S.; Wheatley, D. M.; Knopfmeier, K. H.; Reinhart, A. E.; Choate, J. J.; Jones, T. A.; Creager, G. J.; Dowell, D. C.; Alexander, C. R.; Ladwig, T. T.; Wicker, L. J.; Heinselman, P. L.; Minnis, P.; Palikonda, R.;
Published Date:
2018
Source:
Weather and Forecasting, 33(5), 1225-1250.
Description:
An object-based verification methodology for the NSSL Experimental Warn-on-Forecast System for ensembles (NEWS-e) has been developed and applied to 32 cases between December 2015 and June 2017. NEWS-e forecast objects of composite reflectivity and 30...
Hayes, P. L.; Carlton, A. G.; Baker, K. R.; Ahmadov, R.; Washenfelder, R. A.; Alvarez, S.; Rappengluck, B.; Gilman, J. B.; Kuster, W. C.; de Gouw, J. A.; Zotter, P.; Prevot, A. S. H.; Szidat, S.; Kleindienst, T. E.; Offenberg, J. H.; Ma, P. K.; Jimenez, J. L.;
Published Date:
2015
Source:
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 15(10), 5773-5801.
Description:
Four different literature parameterizations for the formation and evolution of urban secondary organic aerosol (SOA) frequently used in 3-D models are evaluated using a 0-D box model representing the Los Angeles metropolitan region during the Califor...
Jordan, C. E.; Pszenny, A. A. P.; Keene, W. C.; Cooper, O. R.; Deegan, B.; Maben, J.; Routhier, M.; Sander, R.; Young, A. H.;
Published Date:
2015
Source:
Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, 120(2), 678-694.
Description:
The Nitrogen, Aerosol Composition, and Halogens on a Tall Tower campaign (February-March 2011) near Boulder, Colorado, investigated nighttime ClNO2 production and processing. Virtually all particulate Cl was in the form of ionic Cl-. The size distrib...
Durack, P. J.; Gleckler, P. J.; Purkey, S. G.; Johnson, G. C.; Lyman, J. M.; Boyer, T. P.;
Published Date:
2018
Source:
Oceanography, 31(2), 41-51.
Description:
The ocean is the primary heat sink of the global climate system. Since 1971, it has been responsible for storing more than 90% of the excess heat added to the Earth system by anthropogenic greenhouse-gas emissions. Adding this heat to the ocean contr...
Manfred, K. M.; Washenfelder, R. A.; Wagner, N. L.; Adler, G.; Erdesz, F.; Womack, C. C.; Lamb, K. D.; Schwarz, J. P.; Franchin, A.; Selimovic, V.; Yokelson, R. J.; Murphy, D. M.;
Published Date:
2018
Source:
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 18(3), 1879-1894.
Description:
Particle morphology is an important parameter affecting aerosol optical properties that are relevant to climate and air quality, yet it is poorly constrained due to sparse in situ measurements. Biomass burning is a large source of aerosol that genera...
Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, 123(15), 7950-7973.
Description:
In this study, we analyze a set of agroclimatological indices across West Africa and assess their projected changes for the future. We apply the regional climate model CCLM (COnsortium for Small-scale MOdelling in CLimate Mode) with a high spatial re...
Rollins, A. W.; Thornberry, T. D.; Atlas, E.; Navarro, M.; Schauffler, S.; Moore, F.; Elkins, J. W.; Ray, E.; Rosenlof, K.; Aquila, V.; Gao, R. S.;
Published Date:
2018
Source:
Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, 123(23), 13549-13559.
Description:
Sulfur dioxide (SO2) is one of the primary source gases for aerosols in the atmosphere. Even at low concentrations, its presence in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UT/LS) provides an important source for aerosol nucleation and growth, a...
Fairall, C. W.; Matrosov, S. Y.; Williams, C. R.; Walsh, E. J.;
Published Date:
2018
Source:
Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, 35(3), 593-608.
Description:
The NOAA W-band radar was deployed on a P-3 aircraft during a study of storm fronts off the U.S. West Coast in 2015 in the second CalWater (CalWater-2) field program. This paper presents an analysis of measured equivalent radar reflectivity factor Z(...
Coggon, M. M.; Veres, P. R.; Yuan, B.; Koss, A.; Warneke, C.; Gilman, J. B.; Lerner, B. M.; Peischl, J.; Aikin, K. C.; Stockwell, C. E.; Hatch, L. E.; Ryerson, T. B.; Roberts, J. M.; Yokelson, R. J.; de Gouw, J. A.;
Published Date:
2016
Source:
Geophysical Research Letters, 43(18), 9903-9912.
Description:
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from residential wood and crop residue burning were measured in Colorado, U.S. When compared to the emissions from crop burning, residential wood burning exhibited markedly lower concentrations of acetonitril...
Sheng, J. X.; Jacob, D. J.; Turner, A. J.; Maasakkers, J. D.; Sulprizio, M. P.; Bloom, A. A.; Andrews, A. E.; Wunch, D.;
Published Date:
2018
Source:
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 18(9), 6483-6491.
Description:
We use observations of boundary layer methane from the SEAC(4)RS aircraft campaign over the Southeast US in August-September 2013 to estimate methane emissions in that region through an inverse analysis with up to 0.25 degrees x 0.3125 degrees (25 x ...
Lamy, K.; Portafaix, T.; Brogniez, C.; Godin-Beekmann, S.; Bencherif, H.; Morel, B.; Pazmino, A.; Metzger, J. M.; Auriol, F.; Deroo, C.; Duflot, V.; Goloub, P.; Long, C. N.;
Published Date:
2018
Source:
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 18(1), 227-246.
Description:
Surface ultraviolet radiation (SUR) is not an increasing concern after the implementation of the Montreal Protocol and the recovery of the ozone layer (Morgenstern et al., 2008). However, large uncertainties remain in the prediction of future changes...
Creamean, J. M.; Maahn, M.; de Boer, G.; McComiskey, A.; Sedlacek, A. J.; Feng, Y.;
Published Date:
2018
Source:
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 18(2), 555-570.
Description:
The Arctic is warming at an alarming rate, yet the processes that contribute to the enhanced warming are not well understood. Arctic aerosols have been targeted in studies for decades due to their consequential impacts on the energy budget, both dire...
Dias, J.; Gehne, M.; Kiladis, G. N.; Sakaeda, N.; Bechtold, P.; Haiden, T.;
Published Date:
2018
Source:
Monthly Weather Review, 146(6), 1763-1784.
Description:
Despite decades of research on the role of moist convective processes in large-scale tropical dynamics, tropical forecast skill in operational models is still deficient when compared to the extratropics, even at short lead times. Here we compare trop...
Sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTA) in portions of the extratropics are known to recur from one winter to the next without persisting through the intervening summer. Previous studies identified only a limited number of midlatitude regions where ...
Koss, A. R.; Sekimoto, K.; Gilman, J. B.; Selimovic, V.; Coggon, M. M.; Zarzana, K. J.; Yuan, B.; Lerner, B. M.; Brown, S. S.; Jimenez, J. L.; Krechmer, J.; Roberts, J. M.; Warneke, C.; Yokelson, R. J.; de Gouw, J.;
Published Date:
2018
Source:
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 18(5), 3299-3319.
Description:
Volatile and intermediate-volatility non-methane organic gases (NMOGs) released from biomass burning were measured during laboratory-simulated wildfires by protontransfer-reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometry (PTRToF). We identified NMOG contribu...
Sharma, S.; Leaitch, W. R.; Huang, L.; Veber, D.; Kolonjari, F.; Zhang, W.; Hanna, S. J.; Bertram, A. K.; Ogren, J. A.;
Published Date:
2017
Source:
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 17(24), 15225-15243.
Description:
Absorption of sunlight by black carbon (BC) warms the atmosphere, which may be important for Arctic climate. The measurement of BC is complicated by the lack of a simple definition of BC and the absence of techniques that are uniquely sensitive to BC...
Nakamura, R.; Varsani, A.; Genestreti, K. J.; Le Contel, O.; Nakamura, T.; Baumjohann, W.; Nagai, T.; Artemyev, A.; Birn, J.; Sergeev, V. A.; Apatenkov, S.; Ergun, R. E.; Fuselier, S. A.; Gershman, D. J.; Giles, B. J.; Khotyaintsev, Y. V.; Lindqvist, P. A.; Magnes, W.; Mauk, B.; Petrukovich, A.; Russell, C. T.; Stawarz, J.; Strangeway, R. J.; Anderson, B.; Burch, J. L.; Bromund, K. R.; Cohen, I.; Fischer, D.; Jaynes, A.; Kepko, L.; Le, G.; Plaschke, F.; Reeves, G.; Singer, H. J.; Slavin, J. A.; Torbert, R. B.; Turner, D. L.;
Published Date:
2018
Source:
Journal of Geophysical Research-Space Physics, 123(2), 1260-1278.
Description:
We present characteristics of current layers in the off-equatorial near-Earth plasma sheet boundary observed with high time-resolution measurements from the Magnetospheric Multiscale mission during an intense substorm associated with multiple dipolar...
Su, L. P.; Patton, E. G.; de Arellano, J. V. G.; Guenther, A. B.; Kaser, L.; Yuan, B.; Xiong, F. L. Z.; Shepson, P. B.; Zhang, L.; Miller, D. O.; Brune, W. H.; Baumann, K.; Edgerton, E.; Weinheimer, A.; Misztal, P. K.; Park, J. H.; Goldstein, A. H.; Skog, K. M.; Keutsch, F. N.; Mak, J. E.;
Published Date:
2016
Source:
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 16(12), 7725-7741.
Description:
The emission, dispersion, and photochemistry of isoprene (C5H8) and related chemical species in the convective boundary layer (CBL) during sunlit daytime were studied over a mixed forest in the southeastern United States by combining ground-based and...
Elvidge, E. L.; Bonisch, H.; Brenninkmeijer, C. A. M.; Engel, A.; Fraser, P. J.; Gallacher, E.; Langenfelds, R.; Muhle, J.; Oram, D. E.; Ray, E. A.; Ridley, A. R.; Rockmann, T.; Sturges, W. T.; Weiss, R. F.; Laube, J. C.;
Published Date:
2018
Source:
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 18(5), 3369-3385.
Description:
In a changing climate, potential stratospheric circulation changes require long-term monitoring. Stratospheric trace gas measurements are often used as a proxy for stratospheric circulation changes via the "mean age of air" values derived from them. ...
Fang, S. X.; Tans, P. P.; Steinbacher, M.; Zhou, L. X.; Luan, T.; Li, Z.;
Published Date:
2016
Source:
Tellus Series B-Chemical and Physical Meteorology, 68: 28506.
Description:
Mole fractions of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) and carbon monoxide (CO) have been continuously measured since September 2010 at the Shangri-La station (28.02 degrees N, 99.73 degrees E, 3580 masl) in China using a cavity ring-down spectrometer. T...
Rotary-wing small unmanned aircraft systems (sUAS) are increasingly being used for sampling thermodynamic and chemical properties of the Earth's atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) because of their ability to measure at high spatial and temporal resolut...
United States. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. NOAA Research Council (U.S.).
Published Date:
2020
Series:
NOAA Technical Memorandum NOAA Research Council ; 002
Description:
NOAA’s investment in research is critical to continually improving the quality, reliability, and cost-effectiveness of the products and services it provides to end users. These products and services are developed through a dynamic engagement betwee...
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