The ocean is the primary heat sink of the global climate system. Since 1971, it has been responsible for storing more than 90% of the excess heat added to the Earth system by anthropogenic greenhouse-gas emissions. Adding this heat to the ocean contributes substantially to sea level rise and affects vital marine ecosystems. Considering the global ocean's large role in ongoing climate variability and change, it is a good place to focus in order to understand what observed changes have occurred to date and, by using models, what future changes might arise under continued anthropogenic forcing of the climate system. While sparse measurement coverage leads to enhanced uncertainties with long-term historical estimates of change, modern measurements are beginning to provide the clearest picture yet of ongoing global ocean change. Observations show that the ocean is warming from the near-surface through to the abyss, a conclusion that is strengthened with each new analysis. In this assessment, we revisit observation- and model-based estimates of ocean warming from the industrial era to the present and show a consistent, full-depth pattern of change over the observed record that is likely to continue at an ever-increasing pace if effective actions to reduce greenhouse-gas emissions are not taken.
2016 | Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, 121(11), 6638-6668.
Description:
During the Deep Convective Clouds and Chemistry (DC3) experiment in summer 2012, airborne measurements were performed in the anvil inflow/outflow of t...
2015 | Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, 120(2), 678-694.
Description:
The Nitrogen, Aerosol Composition, and Halogens on a Tall Tower campaign (February-March 2011) near Boulder, Colorado, investigated nighttime ClNO2 pr...
2018 | Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, 35(10), 2099-2116.
Description:
A two-look airborne Doppler wind lidar operating at the 532-nm laser wavelength, the Green Optical Autocovariance Wind Lidar (GrOAWL), was built and f...
2018 | Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology, 57(4), 953-968.
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A 2-yr cloud microphysical property dataset derived from ground-based remote sensors at the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement site near Barrow, Alaska...
Using lidar and radiative flux observations from space and ground, and a lidar simulator, we evaluate clouds simulated by climate models over the Gree...
2016 | Geophysical Research Letters, 43(18), 9984-9993.
Description:
Aerosol optical depth (AOD) has been shown to influence the global carbon sink by increasing the fraction of diffuse light, which increases photosynth...
Organic aerosols (OA) that strongly absorb solar radiation in the near-UV are referred to as brown carbon (BrC). The sources, evolution, and optical p...
2018 | Advances in Atmospheric Sciences, 35(10), 1217-1230.
Description:
Accurate atmospheric temperature and moisture information with high temporal/spatial resolutions are two of the key parameters needed in regional nume...
Fisheries surveys over broad spatial areas are crucial in defining and delineating appropriate fisheries management areas. Yet accurate mapping and tr...
2017 | Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, 122(2), 1312-1337.
Description:
A series of deep stratospheric intrusions in late May 2013 increased the daily maximum 8 h surface ozone (O-3) concentrations to more than 70 parts pe...
2018 | Space Weather-the International Journal of Research and Applications, 16(9), 1190-1201.
Description:
Between 4 and 10 September 2017, multiple solar eruptions occurred from active region AR12673. NOAA's and NASA's well-instrumented spacecraft observed...
2018 | Space Weather-the International Journal of Research and Applications, 16(12), 2079-2102.
Description:
Geomagnetic indices are convenient quantities that distill the complicated physics of some region or aspect of near-Earth space into a single paramete...
2018 | Journal of Geophysical Research-Space Physics, 123(8), 6394-6423.
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This paper presents observations of electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves from multiple data sources during the four Geospace Environment Modelin...
2018 | Journal of Geophysical Research-Space Physics, 123(2), 1260-1278.
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We present characteristics of current layers in the off-equatorial near-Earth plasma sheet boundary observed with high time-resolution measurements fr...
2018 | Space Weather-the International Journal of Research and Applications, 16(11), 1686-1701.
Description:
To address challenges of assessing space weather modeling capabilities, the Community Coordinated Modeling Center is leading a newly established Inter...
2018 | Space Weather-the International Journal of Research and Applications, 16(9), 1245-1260.
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Accurate forecasting of the properties of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) as they approach Earth is now recognized as an important strategic objective f...
2018 | Space Weather-the International Journal of Research and Applications, 16(12), 1912-1920.
Description:
Data-model validation of ground magnetic perturbation forecasts, specifically of the time rate of change of surface magnetic field, dB/dt, is a critic...
2018 | Space Weather-the International Journal of Research and Applications, 16(11), 1806-1816.
Description:
The specification and prediction of density changes in the thermosphere is a key challenge for space weather observations and modeling, because it is ...
2018 | Geophysical Research Letters, 45(1), 335-345.
Description:
During the last glacial period, precipitation minus evaporation increased across the currently arid western United States. These pluvial conditions ha...
This paper describes the new global long-term International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) H-series climate data record (CDR). The H-seri...
Since the inception of the international South Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation initiative in the 21st century, substantial advances have b...