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National Environmental Satellite and Data Information Service (NESDIS)

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This collection includes documents produced or sponsored by NOAA’s National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service. All documents were written by NESDIS researchers or were funded through NESDIS programs and grants. Included are technical memorandums, technical reports, cruise reports, and other documents describing NESDIS’ climatological and environmental research.

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Showing 1 - 20 of 4477 results
  • Altimetry for the future Building on 25 years of progress
    Altimetry for the future: Building on 25 years of progress
    Abdalla, Saleh ;
    Abdeh Kolahchi, Abdolnabi
    2021 | Advances in Space Research, 68(2), 319-363
    In 2018 we celebrated 25 years of development of radar altimetry, and the progress achieved by this methodology in the fields of global and coastal oceanography, hydrology, geodesy and cryospheric sciences. Many symbolic major events have celebrated these developments, e.g., in Venice, Italy, the 15th (2006) and 20th (2012) years of progress and mo ...
  • Implementation of the West Coast Operational Forecast System WCOFS and the semioperational nowcastforecast skill assessment
    Implementation of the West Coast Operational Forecast System (WCOFS) and the semi-operational nowcast/forecast skill assessment
    Xu, Jiangtao ;
    Zhang, Aijun
    2022 | NOAA technical report NOS CO-OPS ; 097
    In a collaboration with the National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS) and the National Weather Service’s (NWS) National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP), the National Ocean Service (NOS) has developed and transitioned the West Coast Operational Forecast System (WCOFS) to operations. WCOFS became operational ...
  • Hurricane stalling along the North American coast and implications for rainfall
    Hurricane stalling along the North American coast and implications for rainfall
    Hall, Timothy M. ;
    Kossin, James P.
    2019 | npj Climate and Atmospheric Science, 2 (17)
    The average speed of tropical cyclone (TC) translation has slowed since the mid 20th century. Here we report that North Atlantic (NA) TCs have become increasingly likely to “stall” near the coast, spending many hours in confined regions. The stalling is driven not only by slower translation, but also by an increase in abrupt changes of direction. W ...
  • An Exploratory Journey of Cultural Visual Literacy of NonConforming Gender Representations from PreColonial Sub Saharan Africa
    An Exploratory Journey of Cultural Visual Literacy of “Non-Conforming” Gender Representations from Pre-Colonial Sub- Saharan Africa
    Mehra, Bharat ;
    Lemieux, Paul A.
    2019 | Open Information Science, 3(1), 1-21 | PDF
    This article is an exploratory journey of cultural visual literacy of “non-conforming” gender representations from pre-colonial Sub-Saharan Africa. It provides select research-based visual evidence of “non-conforming” genders and sexual orientations in traditional cultures of Sub-Saharan Africa as represented in its popular press, scholarly literat ...
  • Surface soil moisture measurements of the White Sands New Mexico
    Surface soil moisture measurements of the White Sands, New Mexico
    Smith, Gilbert R.
    1984 | NOAA technical memorandum NESDIS ; 7
    No Description
  • A Simple Model for Predicting the Tropical Cyclone Radius of Maximum Wind from Outer Size
    A Simple Model for Predicting the Tropical Cyclone Radius of Maximum Wind from Outer Size
    Chavas, Daniel R. ;
    Knaff, John A.
    2022 | Weather and Forecasting, 37(5), 563-579 | PDF
    The radius of maximum wind (Rmax) in a tropical cyclone governs the footprint of hazards, including damaging wind, surge, and rainfall. However, Rmax is an inconstant quantity that is difficult to observe directly and is poorly resolved in reanalyses and climate models. In contrast, outer wind radii are much less sensitive to such issues. Here we p ...
    Supporting Files
  • Conservation Planning for Coral Reefs Accounting for Climate Warming Disturbances
    Conservation Planning for Coral Reefs Accounting for Climate Warming Disturbances
    Magris, Rafael A. ;
    Heron, Scott F.
    2015 | PLOS ONE. 2015; 10(11): e0140828.
    Incorporating warming disturbances into the design of marine protected areas (MPAs) is fundamental to developing appropriate conservation actions that confer coral reef resilience. We propose an MPA design approach that includes spatially-and temporally-varying sea-surface temperature (SST) data, integrating both observed (1985-2009) and projected ...
    Supporting Files
  • Record High Temperatures in the Ocean in 2024
    Record High Temperatures in the Ocean in 2024
    Cheng, Lijing ;
    Abraham, John
    2025 | Advances in Atmospheric Sciences, 42(6), 1092-1109 | PDF
    Heating in the ocean has continued in 2024 in response to increased greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere, despite the transition from an El Niño to neutral conditions. In 2024, both global sea surface temperature (SST) and upper 2000 m ocean heat content (OHC) reached unprecedented highs in the historical record. The 0–2000 m OHC in 2024 ...
  • Adjustment of microwave spectral radiances of the earth to a fixed angle of propagation
    Adjustment of microwave spectral radiances of the earth to a fixed angle of propagation
    Wark, David Quentin
    1988 | NOAA technical report NESDIS ; 43
    No Description
  • Evaluation of Global Wave Probabilities Consistent with Official Forecasts
    Evaluation of Global Wave Probabilities Consistent with Official Forecasts
    Sampson, Charles R. ;
    Serra, Efren A.
    2021 | Weather and Forecasting, 36(5), 1891-1904
    The U.S. Navy is keenly interested in analyses and predictions of waves at sea due to their effects on important tasks such as shipping, base preparedness, and disaster relief. U.S. Tropical Cyclone (TC) Forecast Centers routinely disseminate wind probabilities consistent with official TC forecasts worldwide, but do not do the same for wave forecas ...
  • A Comparative Assessment Study of Doppler Wind Lidar Technologies Lidar Compass Technical Readiness Performance and Scalability to SpaceBased Operation for Measuring Global Atmospheric 3D Wind Profiles A study performed under the BAANOAA3DWinds2022 Objective B
    A Comparative Assessment Study of Doppler Wind Lidar Technologies: “Lidar Compass”: Technical Readiness, Performance, and Scalability to Space-Based Operation for Measuring Global Atmospheric 3D Wind Profiles: A study performed under the BAA-NOAA-3DWinds-2022, Objective B
    Tucker, Sara ;
    Coe, Courtney
    2024 | pdf
    With funding from NOAA NESDIS Joint Venture Project Office, BAE Systems-SMS (SMS) and the University of Colorado (CU) Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES) performed a comparative assessment of measurement performance, technology readiness, mission complexity, and cost risks for multiple Doppler wind lidar (DWL) techn ...
  • Coral Reef Carbonate Chemistry Reveals Interannual Seasonal and Spatial Impacts on Ocean Acidification Off Florida
    Coral Reef Carbonate Chemistry Reveals Interannual, Seasonal, and Spatial Impacts on Ocean Acidification Off Florida
    Palacio‐Castro, A. M. ;
    Enochs, Ian C.
    2023 | Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 37(12) | PDF
    Ocean acidification (OA) threatens coral reef persistence by decreasing calcification and accelerating the dissolution of reef frameworks. The carbonate chemistry of coastal areas where many reefs exist is strongly influenced by the metabolic activity of the underlying benthic community, contributing to high spatiotemporal variability. While charac ...
  • Remotely Sensed Winds and Wind Stresses for Marine Forecasting and Ocean Modeling
    Remotely Sensed Winds and Wind Stresses for Marine Forecasting and Ocean Modeling
    Bourassa, Mark A. ;
    Meissner, Thomas
    2019 | Frontiers in Marine Science, 6(443).
    Strengths and weakness of remotely sensed winds are discussed, along with the current capabilities for remotely sensing winds and stress. Future missions are briefly mentioned. The observational needs for a wide range of wind and stress applications are provided. These needs strongly support a short list of desired capabilities of future missions a ...
  • Executive Summary Compact Hyperspectral Infrared Sounding Interferometer Phase III SBIR
    Executive Summary: Compact Hyperspectral Infrared Sounding Interferometer, Phase III SBIR
    Raynal, Ashley ;
    David, Cordelia
    2024 | pdf
    The goals of the CHISI Phase III SBIR were to evaluate the CHISI breadboard for feasibility (achievable performance), further develop and validate the analysis models (NESR, Radiometric Uncertainty), and improve technical maturity and fidelity (2D Focal Plane Array, blackbody paddle testing).
  • Coral mass spawning predicted by rapid seasonal rise in ocean temperature
    Coral mass spawning predicted by rapid seasonal rise in ocean temperature
    Keith, Sally A. ;
    Maynard, Jeffrey A.
    2016 | Proceedings of the Royal Society B-Biological Sciences, 283(1830), 20160011.
    Coral spawning times have been linked to multiple environmental factors; however, to what extent these factors act as generalized cues across multiple species and large spatial scales is unknown. We used a unique dataset of coral spawning from 34 reefs in the Indian and Pacific Oceans to test if month of spawning and peak spawning month in assembla ...
  • The influence of winter cloud on summer sea ice in the Arctic 19832013
    The influence of winter cloud on summer sea ice in the Arctic, 1983-2013
    Letterly, Aaron ;
    Key, Jeffrey
    2016 | J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 121(5), 2178–2187
    Arctic sea ice extent has declined dramatically over the last two decades, with the fastest decrease and greatest variability in the Beaufort, Chukchi, and East Siberian Seas. Thinner ice in these areas is more susceptible to changes in cloud cover, heat and moisture advection, and surface winds. Using two climate reanalyses and satellite data, it ...
  • Impacts of Observation Errors on Hurricane Forecasts When Assimilating Hyperspectral Infrared Sounder Radiances in Partially Cloudy Skies
    Impacts of Observation Errors on Hurricane Forecasts When Assimilating Hyperspectral Infrared Sounder Radiances in Partially Cloudy Skies
    Wang, Pei ;
    Li, Jun
    2019 | Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 124(20), 10802-10813.
    Abstract Hyperspectral infrared (IR) sounders provide high vertical resolution atmospheric sounding information that can improve the forecast accuracy of numerical weather prediction (NWP) models. Due to the challenges of assimilating cloudy radiances, NWP centers usually assimilate only radiances that are not affected by clouds. An imager based cl ...
  • Report for Dedicated JPSS VIIRS Ocean Color CalibrationValidation Cruise Gulf of Mexico in April 2021
    Report for Dedicated JPSS VIIRS Ocean Color Calibration/Validation Cruise: Gulf of Mexico in April 2021
    Michael Ondrusek ;
    Jianwei Wei (edt.)
    2022 | NOAA technical report NESDIS ; 157
    The sixth NOAA-dedicated JPSS VIIRS Ocean Color Calibration/Validation Cruise was successfully conducted in the Gulf of Mexico in early 2021 when COVID-19 still threatened our society's health and safety. The NOAA Ship Gordon Gunter provided ship time and logistic support, and nine scientists, including one student, participated in the field campai ...
  • Automated recognition of jumps in GOES satellite magnetic data
    Automated recognition of jumps in GOES satellite magnetic data
    Soloviev, A. ;
    Bogoutdinov, Sh.
    2018 | Russian Journal of Earth Sciences 18, ES4003, 2018
    As a part of the space environment monitor instrument suite, Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite carries two boom-mounted magnetometers that measure the local magnetic field vector with a 0.5 second sampling rate. These data contain occasional baseline perturbations not of geophysical origin. One source of contamination is due to swit ...
  • An Assessment of HIRS Surface Air Temperature with USCRN Data
    An Assessment of HIRS Surface Air Temperature with USCRN Data
    Stegall, Steve T. ;
    Shi, Lei
    2016 | Remote Sens. 8(6), 1-13
    The surface air temperature retrievals from the High Resolution Infrared Radiation Sounder (HIRS) are evaluated by using observations from the U.S. Climate Reference Network (USCRN) for the period of 2006 to 2013. One year of the USCRN data is also used as ground truth in calibrating retrieval biases. The final retrieval results show that mean bias ...
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