Instabilities play a critical role in understanding atmospheric predictability and improving weather forecasting. The bred vectors (BVs) are dynamically evolved and flow-dependent nonlinear perturbations, indicating the most unstable modes of the underlying flow. Especially over smaller areas, however, BVs with different initial seeds may to some extent be constrained to a small subspace, missing potential forecast error growth along other unstable perturbation directions. In this paper, the authors study the nonlinear local Lyapunov vectors (NLLVs) that are designed to capture an orthogonal basis spanning the most unstable perturbation subspace, thus potentially ameliorating the limitation of BVs. The NLLVs are theoretically related to the linear Lyapunov vectors (LVs), which also form an orthogonal basis. Like BVs, NLLVs are generated by dynamically evolving perturbations with a full nonlinear model. In simulated forecast experiments, a set of mutually orthogonal NLLVs show an advantage in predicting the structure of forecast error growth when compared to using a set of BVs that are not fully independent. NLLVs are also found to have a higher local dimension, enabling them to better capture localized instabilities, leading to increased ensemble spread.
Kosar, B. C.; MacDonald, E. A.; Case, N. A.; Zhang, Y. L.; Mitchell, E. J.; Viereck, R.;
Published Date:
2018
Source:
Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, 177, 274-282.
Description:
Aurorasaurus is a citizen science project that offers a new, global data source consisting of ground-based reports of the aurora. For this case study, aurora data collected during the 17-18 March 2015 geomagnetic storm are examined to identify their ...
Hayes, A. L.; Heery, E. C.; Maroon, E.; McLaskey, A. K.; Stawitz, C. C.;
Published Date:
2018
Source:
Environmental Science & Policy, 87, 55-63.
Description:
Adaptation to sea level rise (SLR) is primarily taking place at the local level, with varied governments grappling with the diverse ways that SLR will affect cities. Interpreting SLR in the context of local planning requires integrating knowledge acr...
Richardson, K.; Asmutis-Silvia, R.; Drinkwin, J.; Gilardi, K. V. K.; Giskes, I.; Jones, G.; O'Brien, K.; Pragnell-Raasch, H.; Ludwig, L.; Antonelis, K.; Barco, S.; Henry, A.; Knowlton, A.; Landry, S.; Mattila, D.; MacDonald, K.; Moore, M.; Morgan, J.; Robbins, J.; van der Hoop, J.; Hogan, E.;
Published Date:
2019
Source:
Marine Pollution Bulletin, 138, 222-229.
Description:
Abandoned, lost or discarded fishing gear (ALDFG) comprises a significant amount of global marine debris, with diverse impacts to marine environments, wildlife, and the fishing industry. Building evidence on ALDFG is critical to holistically understa...
Huntrieser, H.; Lichtenstern, M.; Scheibe, M.; Aufmhoff, H.; Schlager, H.; Pucik, T.; Minikin, A.; Weinzierl, B.; Heimerl, K.; Pollack, I. B.; Peischl, J.; Ryerson, T. B.; Weinheimer, A. J.; Honomichl, S.; Ridley, B. A.; Biggerstaff, M. I.; Betten, D. P.; Hair, J. W.; Butler, C. F.; Schwartz, M. J.; Barth, M. C.;
Published Date:
2016
Source:
Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, 121(11), 6638-6668.
Description:
During the Deep Convective Clouds and Chemistry (DC3) experiment in summer 2012, airborne measurements were performed in the anvil inflow/outflow of thunderstorms over the Central U.S. by three research aircraft. A general overview of Deutsches Zentr...
Emmons, L. K.; Arnold, S. R.; Monks, S. A.; Huijnen, V.; Tilmes, S.; Law, K. S.; Thomas, J. L.; Raut, J. C.; Bouarar, I.; Turquety, S.; Long, Y.; Duncan, B.; Steenrod, S.; Strode, S.; Flemming, J.; Mao, J.; Langner, J.; Thompson, A. M.; Tarasick, D.; Apel, E. C.; Blake, D. R.; Cohen, R. C.; Dibb, J.; Diskin, G. S.; Fried, A.; Hall, S. R.; Huey, L. G.; Weinheimer, A. J.; Wisthaler, A.; Mikoviny, T.; Nowak, J.; Peischl, J.; Roberts, J. M.; Ryerson, T.; Warneke, C.; Helmig, D.;
Published Date:
2015
Source:
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 15(12), 6721-6744.
Description:
A model intercomparison activity was inspired by the large suite of observations of atmospheric composition made during the International Polar Year (2008) in the Arctic. Nine global and two regional chemical transport models participated in this int...
Heiblum, R. H.; Altaratz, O.; Koren, I.; Feingold, G.; Kostinski, A. B.; Khain, A. P.; Ovchinnikov, M.; Fredj, E.; Dagan, G.; Pinto, L.; Yaish, R.; Chen, Q.;
Published Date:
2016
Source:
Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, 121(11), 6336-6355.
Description:
We study the evolution of warm convective cloud fields using large eddy simulations of continental and trade cumulus. Individual clouds are tracked a posteriori from formation to dissipation using a 3-D cloud-tracking algorithm, and results are prese...
Wagner, N. L.; Brock, C. A.; Angevine, W. M.; Beyersdorf, A.; Campuzano-Jost, P.; Day, D.; de Gouw, J. A.; Diskin, G. S.; Gordon, T. D.; Graus, M. G.; Holloway, J. S.; Huey, G.; Jimenez, J. L.; Lack, D. A.; Liao, J.; Liu, X.; Markovic, M. Z.; Middlebrook, A. M.; Mikoviny, T.; Peischl, J.; Perring, A. E.; Richardson, M. S.; Ryerson, T. B.; Schwarz, J. P.; Warneke, C.; Welti, A.; Wisthaler, A.; Ziemba, L. D.; Murphy, D. M.;
Published Date:
2015
Source:
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 15(12), 7085-7102.
Description:
Vertical profiles of submicron aerosol from in situ aircraft-based measurements were used to construct aggregate profiles of chemical, microphysical, and optical properties. These vertical profiles were collected over the southeastern United States (...
Chang, W. L.; Brown, S. S.; Stutz, J.; Middlebrook, A. M.; Bahreini, R.; Wagner, N. L.; Dube, W. P.; Pollack, I. B.; Ryerson, T. B.; Riemer, N.;
Published Date:
2016
Source:
Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, 121(9), 5051-5070.
Description:
Nighttime chemistry in the troposphere is closely tied to the dinitrogen pentoxide (N2O5) budget, but high uncertainties remain regarding the model representation of the heterogeneous hydrolysis of N2O5 on aerosol particles. In this study we used the...
Meyer, J.; Rolf, C.; Schiller, C.; Rohs, S.; Spelten, N.; Afchine, A.; Zoger, M.; Sitnikov, N.; Thornberry, T. D.; Rollins, A. W.; Bozoki, Z.; Tatrai, D.; Ebert, V.; Kuhnreich, B.; Mackrodt, P.; Mohler, O.; Saathoff, H.; Rosenlof, K. H.; Kramer, M.;
Published Date:
2015
Source:
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 15(14), 8521-8538.
Description:
For almost two decades, the airborne Fast In-situ Stratospheric Hygrometer (FISH) has stood for accurate and precise measurements of total water mixing ratios (WMR, gas phase + evaporated ice) in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UT/LS). ...
Derwent, R. G.; Parrish, D. D.; Galbally, I. E.; Stevenson, D. S.; Doherty, R. M.; Young, P. J.; Shallcross, D. E.;
Published Date:
2016
Source:
Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, 121(18), 11075-11085.
Description:
Marine boundary layer ozone seasonal cycles have been quantified by fitting the sum of two sine curves through monthly detrended observations taken at three stations: Mace Head, Ireland, and Trinidad Head, California, in the Northern Hemisphere and C...
Here we compare volatile organic compound (VOC) measurements using a standard proton-transfer-reaction quadrupole mass spectrometer (PTR-QMS) with a new proton-transfer-reaction time of flight mass spectrometer (PTR-TOF) during the Uintah Basin Winte...
A dynamic system for the calibration of acyl peroxynitrate compounds (APNs) has been developed in the laboratory to reduce the difficulty, required time, and instability of laboratory-produced standards for difficult-to-synthesize APN species. In thi...
Fried, A.; Barth, M. C.; Bela, M.; Weibring, P.; Richter, D.; Walega, J.; Li, Y.; Pickering, K.; Apel, E.; Hornbrook, R.; Hills, A.; Riemer, D. D.; Blake, N.; Blake, D. R.; Schroeder, J. R.; Luo, Z. J.; Crawford, J. H.; Olson, J.; Rutledge, S.; Betten, D.; Biggerstaff, M. I.; Diskin, G. S.; Sachse, G.; Campos, T.; Flocke, F.; Weinheimer, A.; Cantrell, C.; Pollack, I.; Peischl, J.; Froyd, K.; Wisthaler, A.; Mikoviny, T.; Woods, S.;
Published Date:
2016
Source:
Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, 121(12), 7430-7460.
Description:
We have developed semi-independent methods for determining CH2O scavenging efficiencies (SEs) during strong midlatitude convection over the western, south-central Great Plains, and southeastern regions of the United States during the 2012 Deep Convec...
Janssens-Maenhout, G.; Crippa, M.; Guizzardi, D.; Dentener, F.; Muntean, M.; Pouliot, G.; Keating, T.; Zhang, Q.; Kurokawa, J.; Wankmuller, R.; van der Gon, H. D.; Kuenen, J. J. P.; Klimont, Z.; Frost, G.; Darras, S.; Koffi, B.; Li, M.;
Published Date:
2015
Source:
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 15(19), 11411-11432.
Description:
The mandate of the Task Force Hemispheric Transport of Air Pollution (TF HTAP) under the Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution (CLRTAP) is to improve the scientific understanding of the intercontinental air pollution transport, to quan...
Tilmes, S.; Lamarque, J. F.; Emmons, L. K.; Kinnison, D. E.; Ma, P. L.; Liu, X.; Ghan, S.; Bardeen, C.; Arnold, S.; Deeter, M.; Vitt, F.; Ryerson, T.; Elkins, J. W.; Moore, F.; Spackman, J. R.; Martin, M. V.;
Published Date:
2015
Source:
Geoscientific Model Development, 8(5), 1395-1426.
Description:
The Community Atmosphere Model (CAM), version 5, is now coupled to extensive tropospheric and stratospheric chemistry, called CAM5-chem, and is available in addition to CAM4-chem in the Community Earth System Model (CESM) version 1.2. The main focus ...
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 15(16), 9109-9127.
Description:
Laboratory experiments of efficient oligomerization from methyl vinyl ketone (MVK) in the bulk aqueous phase were simulated in a box model. Kinetic data are applied (if known) or fitted to the observed MVK decay and oligomer mass increase. Upon model...
Van Damme, M.; Clarisse, L.; Dammers, E.; Liu, X.; Nowak, J. B.; Clerbaux, C.; Flechard, C. R.; Galy-Lacaux, C.; Xu, W.; Neuman, J. A.; Tang, Y. S.; Sutton, M. A.; Erisman, J. W.; Coheur, P. F.;
Limited availability of ammonia (NH3) observations is currently a barrier for effective monitoring of the nitrogen cycle. It prevents a full understanding of the atmospheric processes in which this trace gas is involved and therefore impedes determin...
Lee, L.; Wooldridge, P. J.; deGouw, J.; Brown, S. S.; Bates, T. S.; Quinn, P. K.; Cohen, R. C.;
Published Date:
2015
Source:
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 15(16), 9313-9325.
Description:
Organic nitrates in both gas and condensed (aerosol) phases were measured during the Uintah Basin Winter Ozone Study from January to February in 2012. A high degree of correlation between total aerosol volume at diameters less than 500 nm and the par...
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 15(13), 7351-7367.
Description:
The two-way transition between closed and open cellular convection is addressed in an idealized cloud-resolving modeling framework. A series of cloud-resolving simulations shows that the transition between closed and open cellular states is asymmetri...
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