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The influence of daily meteorology on boreal fire emissions and regional trace gas variability
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  • Description:
    Relationships between boreal wildfire emissions and day-to-day variations in meteorological variables are complex and have important implications for the sensitivity of high-latitude ecosystems to climate change. We examined the influence of environmental conditions on boreal fire emissions and fire contributions to regional trace gas variability in interior Alaska during the summer of 2013 using two types of analysis. First, we quantified the degree to which meteorological and fire weather indices explained regional variability in fire activity using four different products, including active fires, fire radiative power, burned area, and carbon emissions. Second, we combined daily emissions from the Alaskan Fire Emissions Database (AKFED) with the coupled Polar Weather Research and Forecasting/Stochastic Time-Inverted Lagrangian Transport model to estimate fire contributions to trace gas concentration measurements at the Carbon in Arctic Reservoirs Vulnerability Experiment-NOAA Global Monitoring Division (CRV) tower in interior Alaska. Tower observations during two high fire periods were used to estimate CO and CH4 emission factors. We found that vapor pressure deficit and temperature had a level of performance similar to more complex fire weather indices. Emission factors derived from CRV tower measurements were 13425gCO per kg of combusted biomass and 7.741.06gCH(4) per kg of combusted biomass. Predicted daily CO mole fractions from AKFED emissions were moderately correlated with CRV observations (r=0.68) and had a high bias. The modeling system developed here allows for attribution of emission factors to individual fires and has the potential to improve our understanding of regional CO, CH4, and CO2 budgets.

  • DOI:
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2016jg003434
  • Document Type:
    Journal Article
  • Collection(s):
    Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research (OAR)
    NOAA Cooperative Institutes
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    1. Surrogate gas prediction model as a proxy for Delta C-14-based measurements of fossil fuel CO2
      Personal Author:
      Coakley, K. J.; Miller, J. B.; Montzka, S. A.; Sweeney, C.; Miller, B.;
      Published Date:
      2016
      Source:
      Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, 121(12), 7489-7505.
      Series:
      CIRES (Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences)
      Description:
      The measured C-14:C-12 isotopic ratio of atmospheric CO2 (and its associated derived Delta C-14 value) is an ideal tracer for determination of the fossil fuel derived CO2 enhancement contributing to any atmospheric CO2 measurement (C-ff). Given enoug...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 1.76 MB]
    2. Continuous and high-precision atmospheric concentration measurements of COS, CO2, CO and H2O using a quantum cascade laser spectrometer (QCLS)
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      Kooijmans, L. M. J.; Uitslag, N. A. M.; Zahniser, M. S.; Nelson, D. D.; Montzka, S. A.; Chen, H. L.;
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      2016
      Source:
      Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, 9(11), 5293-5314.
      Series:
      CIRES (Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences)
      Description:
      Carbonyl sulfide (COS) has been suggested as a useful tracer for gross primary production as it is taken up by plants in a similar way as CO2. To explore and verify the application of this novel tracer, it is highly desired to develop the ability to ...
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    3. O-3, CH4, CO2, CO, NO2 and NMHC aircraft measurements in the Uinta Basin oil and gas region under low and high ozone conditions in winter 2012 and 2013
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      Oltmans, S. J.; Karion, A.; Schnell, R. C.; Petron, G.; Helmig, D.; Montzka, S. A.; Wolter, S.; Neff, D.; Miller, B. R.; Hueber, J.; Conley, S.; Johnson, B. J.; Sweeney, C.;
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      2016
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      Elementa-Science of the Anthropocene, 4: 000132.
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      CIRES (Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences)
      Description:
      Instrumented aircraft measuring air composition in the Uinta Basin, Utah, during February 2012 and January-February 2013 documented dramatically different atmospheric ozone (O-3) mole fractions. In 2012 O-3 remained near levels of similar to 40 ppb i...
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    4. Controlled weather balloon ascents and descents for atmospheric research and climate monitoring
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      Krauchi, A.; Philipona, R.; Romanens, G.; Hurst, D. F.; Hall, E. G.; Jordan, A. F.;
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      2016
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      Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, 9(3), 929-938.
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      CIRES (Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences)
      Description:
      In situ upper-air measurements are often made with instruments attached to weather balloons launched at the surface and lifted into the stratosphere. Present-day balloon-borne sensors allow near-continuous measurements from the Earth's surface to abo...
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    5. Inverse modeling of GOSAT-retrieved ratios of total column CH4 and CO2 for 2009 and 2010
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      Pandey, S.; Houweling, S.; Krol, M.; Aben, I.; Chevallier, F.; Dlugokencky, E. J.; Gatti, L. V.; Gloor, E.; Miller, J. B.; Detmers, R.; Machida, T.; Rockmann, T.;
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      2016
      Source:
      Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 16(8), 5043-5062.
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      CIRES (Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences)
      Description:
      This study investigates the constraint provided by greenhouse gas measurements from space on surface fluxes. Imperfect knowledge of the light path through the atmosphere, arising from scattering by clouds and aerosols, can create biases in column mea...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 3.49 MB]
    6. The CU 2-D-MAX-DOAS instrument - Part 2: Raman scattering probability measurements and retrieval of aerosol optical properties
      Personal Author:
      Ortega, I.; Coburn, S.; Berg, L. K.; Lantz, K.; Michalsky, J.; Ferrare, R. A.; Hair, J.; Hostetler, C. A.; Volkamer, R.;
      Published Date:
      2016
      Source:
      Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, 9(8), 3893-3910.
      Series:
      CIRES (Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences)
      Description:
      The multiannual global mean of aerosol optical depth at 550 nm (AOD(550))over land is similar to 0.19, and that over oceans is similar to 0.13. About 45% of the Earth surface shows AOD550 smaller than 0.1. There is a need for measurement techniques t...
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    7. Atmospheric histories and global emissions of halons H-1211 (CBrClF2), H-1301 (CBrF3), and H-2402 (CBrF2CBrF2)
      Personal Author:
      Vollmer, M. K.; Muhle, J.; Trudinger, C. M.; Rigby, M.; Montzka, S. A.; Harth, C. M.; Miller, B. R.; Henne, S.; Krummel, P. B.; Hall, B. D.; Young, D.; Kim, J.; Arduini, J.; Wenger, A.; Yao, B.; Reimann, S.; O'Doherty, S.; Maione, M.; Etheridge, D. M.; Li, S. L.; Verdonik, D. P.; Park, S.; Dutton, G.; Steele, L. P.; Lunder, C. R.; Rhee, T. S.; Hermansen, O.; Schmidbauer, N.; Wang, R. H. J.; Hill, M.; Salameh, P. K.; Langenfelds, R. L.; Zhou, L. X.; Blunier, T.; Schwander, J.; Elkins, J. W.; Butler, J. H.; Simmonds, P. G.; Weiss, R. F.; Prinn, R. G.; Fraser, P. J.;
      Published Date:
      2016
      Source:
      Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, 121(7), 3663-3686.
      Series:
      CIRES (Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences)
      Description:
      We report ground-based atmospheric measurements and emission estimates for the halons H-1211 (CBrClF2), H-1301 (CBrF3), and H-2402 (CBrF2CBrF2) from the AGAGE (Advanced Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment) and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Adm...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 2.26 MB]
    8. UTLS water vapour from SCIAMACHY limb measurements V3.01 (2002-2012)
      Personal Author:
      Weigel, K.; Rozanov, A.; Azam, F.; Bramstedt, K.; Damadeo, R.; Eichmann, K. U.; Gebhardt, C.; Hurst, D.; Kraemer, M.; Lossow, S.; Read, W.; Spelten, N.; Stiller, G. P.; Walker, K. A.; Weber, M.; Bovensmann, H.; Burrows, J. P.;
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      2016
      Source:
      Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, 9(1), 133-158.
      Series:
      CIRES (Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences)
      Description:
      The SCanning Imaging Absorption spectroMeter for Atmospheric CHartographY (SCIAMACHY) aboard the Envisat satellite provided measurements from August 2002 until April 2012. SCIAMACHY measured the scattered or direct sunlight using different observatio...
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    9. No significant increase in long-term CH4 emissions on North Slope of Alaska despite significant increase in air temperature
      Personal Author:
      Sweeney, C.; Dlugokencky, E.; Miller, C. E.; Wofsy, S.; Karion, A.; Dinardo, S.; Chang, R. Y. W.; Miller, J. B.; Bruhwiler, L.; Crotwell, A. M.; Newberger, T.; McKain, K.; Stone, R. S.; Wolter, S. E.; Lang, P. E.; Tans, P.;
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      2016
      Source:
      Geophysical Research Letters, 43(12), 6604-6611.
      Series:
      CIRES (Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences)
      Description:
      Continuous measurements of atmospheric methane (CH4) mole fractions measured by NOAA's Global Greenhouse Gas Reference Network in Barrow, AK (BRW), show strong enhancements above background values when winds come from the land sector from July to Dec...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 536.86 KB]
    10. Regional atmospheric CO2 inversion reveals seasonal and geographic differences in Amazon net biome exchange
      Personal Author:
      Alden, C. B.; Miller, J. B.; Gatti, L. V.; Gloor, M. M.; Guan, K.; Michalak, A. M.; van der Laan-Luijkx, I. T.; Touma, D.; Andrews, A.; Basso, L. S.; Correia, C. S. C.; Domingues, L. G.; Joiner, J.; Krol, M. C.; Lyapustin, A. I.; Peters, W.; Shiga, Y. P.; Thoning, K.; van der Velde, I. R.; van Leeuwen, T. T.; Yadav, V.; Diffenbaugh, N. S.;
      Published Date:
      2016
      Source:
      Global Change Biology, 22(10), 3427-3443.
      Series:
      CIRES (Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences)
      Description:
      Understanding tropical rainforest carbon exchange and its response to heat and drought is critical for quantifying the effects of climate change on tropical ecosystems, including global climate-carbon feedbacks. Of particular importance for the globa...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 1.22 MB]
    11. MIPAS IMK/IAA CFC-11 (CCl3F) and CFC-12 (CCl2F2) measurements: accuracy, precision and long-term stability
      Personal Author:
      Eckert, E.; Laeng, A.; Lossow, S.; Kellmann, S.; Stiller, G.; von Clarmann, T.; Glatthor, N.; Hopfner, M.; Kiefer, M.; Oelhaf, H.; Orphal, J.; Funke, B.; Grabowski, U.; Haenel, F.; Linden, A.; Wetzel, G.; Woiwode, W.; Bernath, P. F.; Boone, C.; Dutton, G. S.; Elkins, J. W.; Engel, A.; Gille, J. C.; Kolonjari, F.; Sugita, T.; Toon, G. C.; Walker, K. A.;
      Published Date:
      2016
      Source:
      Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, 9(7), 3355-3389.
      Series:
      CIRES (Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences)
      Description:
      Profiles of CFC-11 (CCl3F) and CFC-12 (CCl2F2) of the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS) aboard the European satellite Envisat have been retrieved from versions MIPAS/4.61 to MI-PAS/4.62 and MIPAS/5.02 to MIPAS/5.06 lev...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 12.56 MB]
    12. Strong regional atmospheric C-14 signature of respired CO2 observed from a tall tower over the midwestern United States
      Personal Author:
      LaFranchi, B. W.; McFarlane, K. J.; Miller, J. B.; Lehman, S. J.; Phillips, C. L.; Andrews, A. E.; Tans, P. P.; Chen, H.; Liu, Z.; Turnbull, J. C.; Xu, X.; Guilderson, T. P.;
      Published Date:
      2016
      Source:
      Journal of Geophysical Research-Biogeosciences, 121(8), 2275-2295.
      Series:
      CIRES (Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences)
      Description:
      Radiocarbon in CO2 ((CO2)-C-14) measurements can aid in discriminating between fast (< 1 year) and slower (> 5-10 years) cycling of C between the atmosphere and the terrestrial biosphere due to the 14C disequilibrium between atmospheric and terrestri...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 2.28 MB]
    13. A multiyear estimate of methane fluxes in Alaska from CARVE atmospheric observations
      Personal Author:
      Miller, S. M.; Miller, C. E.; Commane, R.; Chang, R. Y. W.; Dinardo, S. J.; Henderson, J. M.; Karion, A.; Lindaas, J.; Melton, J. R.; Miller, J. B.; Sweeney, C.; Wofsy, S. C.; Michalak, A. M.;
      Published Date:
      2016
      Source:
      Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 30(10), 1441-1453.
      Series:
      CIRES (Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences)
      Description:
      Methane (CH4) fluxes from Alaska and other arctic regions may be sensitive to thawing permafrost and future climate change, but estimates of both current and future fluxes from the region are uncertain. This study estimates CH4 fluxes across Alaska f...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 2.74 MB]
    14. Mesoscale modulation of air-sea CO2 flux in Drake Passage
      Personal Author:
      Song, H.; Marshall, J.; Munro, D. R.; Dutkiewicz, S.; Sweeney, C.; McGillicuddy, D. J.; Hausmann, U.;
      Published Date:
      2016
      Source:
      Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans, 121(9), 6635-6649.
      Series:
      CIRES (Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences)
      Description:
      We investigate the role of mesoscale eddies in modulating air-sea CO2 flux and associated biogeochemical fields in Drake Passage using in situ observations and an eddy-resolving numerical model. Both observations and model show a negative correlation...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 4.06 MB]
    15. Low-CCN concentration air masses over the eastern North Atlantic: Seasonality, meteorology, and drivers
      Personal Author:
      Wood, R.; Stemmler, J. D.; Remillard, J.; Jefferson, A.;
      Published Date:
      2017
      Source:
      Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, 122(2), 1203-1223.
      Series:
      CIRES (Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences)
      Description:
      A 20 month cloud condensation nucleus concentration (N-CCN) data set from Graciosa Island (39 degrees N, 28 degrees W) in the remote North Atlantic is used to characterize air masses with low cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentrations. Low-CCN ev...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 6.32 MB]
    16. Summertime surface O-3 behavior and deposition to tundra in the Alaskan Arctic
      Personal Author:
      Van Dam, B.; Helmig, D.; Doskey, P. V.; Oltmans, S. J.;
      Published Date:
      2016
      Source:
      Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, 121(13), 8055-8066.
      Series:
      CIRES (Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences)
      Description:
      Atmospheric turbulence quantities, boundary layer ozone (O-3) levels, and O-3 deposition to the tundra surface were investigated at Toolik Lake, AK, during the 2011 summer season. Beginning immediately after snowmelt, a diurnal cycle of O-3 in the at...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 2.83 MB]
    17. Separation of biospheric and fossil fuel fluxes of CO2 by atmospheric inversion of CO2 and (CO2)-C-14 measurements: Observation System Simulations
      Personal Author:
      Basu, S.; Miller, J. B.; Lehman, S.;
      Published Date:
      2016
      Source:
      Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 16(9), 5665-5683.
      Series:
      CIRES (Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences)
      Description:
      National annual total CO2 emissions from combustion of fossil fuels are likely known to within 5-10aEuro-% for most developed countries. However, uncertainties are inevitably larger (by unknown amounts) for emission estimates at regional and monthly ...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 6.92 MB]
    18. Rising atmospheric methane: 2007-2014 growth and isotopic shift
      Personal Author:
      Nisbet, E. G.; Dlugokencky, E. J.; Manning, M. R.; Lowry, D.; Fisher, R. E.; France, J. L.; Michel, S. E.; Miller, J. B.; White, J. W. C.; Vaughn, B.; Bousquet, P.; Pyle, J. A.; Warwick, N. J.; Cain, M.; Brownlow, R.; Zazzeri, G.; Lanoiselle, M.; Manning, A. C.; Gloor, E.; Worthy, D. E. J.; Brunke, E. G.; Labuschagne, C.; Wolff, E. W.; Ganesan, A. L.;
      Published Date:
      2016
      Source:
      Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 30(9), 1356-1370.
      Series:
      CIRES (Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences)
      Description:
      From 2007 to 2013, the globally averaged mole fraction of methane in the atmosphere increased by 5.7 +/- 1.2 ppb yr(-1). Simultaneously, delta C-13(CH4) (a measure of the C-13/C-12 isotope ratio in methane) has shifted to significantly more negative ...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 1.72 MB]
    19. Advancements, measurement uncertainties, and recent comparisons of the NOAA frost point hygrometer
      Personal Author:
      Hall, E. G.; Jordan, A. F.; Hurst, D. F.; Oltmans, S. J.; Vomel, H.; Kuhnreich, B.; Ebert, V.;
      Published Date:
      2016
      Source:
      Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, 9(9), 4295-4310.
      Series:
      CIRES (Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences)
      Description:
      The NOAA frost point hygrometer (FPH) is a balloon-borne instrument flown monthly at three sites to measure water vapor profiles up to 28 km. The FPH record from Boulder, Colorado, is the longest continuous stratospheric water vapor record. The instr...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 3.06 MB]
    20. A comprehensive estimate for loss of atmospheric carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) to the ocean
      Personal Author:
      Butler, J. H.; Yvon-Lewis, S. A.; Lobert, J. M.; King, D. B.; Montzka, S. A.; Bullister, J. L.; Koropalov, V.; Elkins, J. W.; Hall, B. D.; Hu, L.; Liu, Y. N.;
      Published Date:
      2016
      Source:
      Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 16(17), 10899-10910.
      Series:
      CIRES (Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences)
      Description:
      Extensive undersaturations of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in Pacific, Atlantic, and Southern Ocean surface waters indicate that atmospheric CCl4 is consumed in large amounts by the ocean. Observations made on 16 research cruises between 1987 and 2010...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 2.61 MB]
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