We report ground-based atmospheric measurements and emission estimates for the halons H-1211 (CBrClF2), H-1301 (CBrF3), and H-2402 (CBrF2CBrF2) from the AGAGE (Advanced Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment) and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration global networks. We also include results from archived air samples in canisters and from polar firn in both hemispheres, thereby deriving an atmospheric record of nearly nine decades (1930s to present). All three halons were absent from the atmosphere until approximate to 1970, when their atmospheric burdens started to increase rapidly. In recent years H-1211 and H-2402 mole fractions have been declining, but H-1301 has continued to grow. High-frequency observations show continuing emissions of H-1211 and H-1301 near most AGAGE sites. For H-2402 the only emissions detected were derived from the region surrounding the Sea of Japan/East Sea. Based on our observations, we derive global emissions using two different inversion approaches. Emissions for H-1211 declined from a peak of 11ktyr(-1) (late 1990s) to 3.9ktyr(-1) at the end of our record (mean of 2013-2015), for H-1301 from 5.4ktyr(-1) (late 1980s) to 1.6ktyr(-1), and for H-2402 from 1.8ktyr(-1) (late 1980s) to 0.38ktyr(-1). Yearly summed halon emissions have decreased substantially; nevertheless, since 2000 they have accounted for approximate to 30% of the emissions of all major anthropogenic ozone depletion substances, when weighted by ozone depletion potentials.
CIRES (Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences)
Description:
The multiannual global mean of aerosol optical depth at 550 nm (AOD(550))over land is similar to 0.19, and that over oceans is similar to 0.13. About 45% of the Earth surface shows AOD550 smaller than 0.1. There is a need for measurement techniques t...
LaFranchi, B. W.; McFarlane, K. J.; Miller, J. B.; Lehman, S. J.; Phillips, C. L.; Andrews, A. E.; Tans, P. P.; Chen, H.; Liu, Z.; Turnbull, J. C.; Xu, X.; Guilderson, T. P.;
Published Date:
2016
Source:
Journal of Geophysical Research-Biogeosciences, 121(8), 2275-2295.
Series:
CIRES (Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences)
Description:
Radiocarbon in CO2 ((CO2)-C-14) measurements can aid in discriminating between fast (< 1 year) and slower (> 5-10 years) cycling of C between the atmosphere and the terrestrial biosphere due to the 14C disequilibrium between atmospheric and terrestri...
Song, H.; Marshall, J.; Munro, D. R.; Dutkiewicz, S.; Sweeney, C.; McGillicuddy, D. J.; Hausmann, U.;
Published Date:
2016
Source:
Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans, 121(9), 6635-6649.
Series:
CIRES (Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences)
Description:
We investigate the role of mesoscale eddies in modulating air-sea CO2 flux and associated biogeochemical fields in Drake Passage using in situ observations and an eddy-resolving numerical model. Both observations and model show a negative correlation...
CIRES (Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences)
Description:
The NOAA frost point hygrometer (FPH) is a balloon-borne instrument flown monthly at three sites to measure water vapor profiles up to 28 km. The FPH record from Boulder, Colorado, is the longest continuous stratospheric water vapor record. The instr...
CIRES (Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences)
Description:
The SCanning Imaging Absorption spectroMeter for Atmospheric CHartographY (SCIAMACHY) aboard the Envisat satellite provided measurements from August 2002 until April 2012. SCIAMACHY measured the scattered or direct sunlight using different observatio...
Alden, C. B.; Miller, J. B.; Gatti, L. V.; Gloor, M. M.; Guan, K.; Michalak, A. M.; van der Laan-Luijkx, I. T.; Touma, D.; Andrews, A.; Basso, L. S.; Correia, C. S. C.; Domingues, L. G.; Joiner, J.; Krol, M. C.; Lyapustin, A. I.; Peters, W.; Shiga, Y. P.; Thoning, K.; van der Velde, I. R.; van Leeuwen, T. T.; Yadav, V.; Diffenbaugh, N. S.;
Published Date:
2016
Source:
Global Change Biology, 22(10), 3427-3443.
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CIRES (Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences)
Description:
Understanding tropical rainforest carbon exchange and its response to heat and drought is critical for quantifying the effects of climate change on tropical ecosystems, including global climate-carbon feedbacks. Of particular importance for the globa...
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 16(9), 5665-5683.
Series:
CIRES (Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences)
Description:
National annual total CO2 emissions from combustion of fossil fuels are likely known to within 5-10aEuro-% for most developed countries. However, uncertainties are inevitably larger (by unknown amounts) for emission estimates at regional and monthly ...
Sweeney, C.; Dlugokencky, E.; Miller, C. E.; Wofsy, S.; Karion, A.; Dinardo, S.; Chang, R. Y. W.; Miller, J. B.; Bruhwiler, L.; Crotwell, A. M.; Newberger, T.; McKain, K.; Stone, R. S.; Wolter, S. E.; Lang, P. E.; Tans, P.;
Published Date:
2016
Source:
Geophysical Research Letters, 43(12), 6604-6611.
Series:
CIRES (Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences)
Description:
Continuous measurements of atmospheric methane (CH4) mole fractions measured by NOAA's Global Greenhouse Gas Reference Network in Barrow, AK (BRW), show strong enhancements above background values when winds come from the land sector from July to Dec...
Nisbet, E. G.; Dlugokencky, E. J.; Manning, M. R.; Lowry, D.; Fisher, R. E.; France, J. L.; Michel, S. E.; Miller, J. B.; White, J. W. C.; Vaughn, B.; Bousquet, P.; Pyle, J. A.; Warwick, N. J.; Cain, M.; Brownlow, R.; Zazzeri, G.; Lanoiselle, M.; Manning, A. C.; Gloor, E.; Worthy, D. E. J.; Brunke, E. G.; Labuschagne, C.; Wolff, E. W.; Ganesan, A. L.;
Published Date:
2016
Source:
Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 30(9), 1356-1370.
Series:
CIRES (Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences)
Description:
From 2007 to 2013, the globally averaged mole fraction of methane in the atmosphere increased by 5.7 +/- 1.2 ppb yr(-1). Simultaneously, delta C-13(CH4) (a measure of the C-13/C-12 isotope ratio in methane) has shifted to significantly more negative ...
CIRES (Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences)
Description:
In situ upper-air measurements are often made with instruments attached to weather balloons launched at the surface and lifted into the stratosphere. Present-day balloon-borne sensors allow near-continuous measurements from the Earth's surface to abo...
Oltmans, S. J.; Karion, A.; Schnell, R. C.; Petron, G.; Helmig, D.; Montzka, S. A.; Wolter, S.; Neff, D.; Miller, B. R.; Hueber, J.; Conley, S.; Johnson, B. J.; Sweeney, C.;
Published Date:
2016
Source:
Elementa-Science of the Anthropocene, 4: 000132.
Series:
CIRES (Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences)
Description:
Instrumented aircraft measuring air composition in the Uinta Basin, Utah, during February 2012 and January-February 2013 documented dramatically different atmospheric ozone (O-3) mole fractions. In 2012 O-3 remained near levels of similar to 40 ppb i...
CIRES (Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences)
Description:
Profiles of CFC-11 (CCl3F) and CFC-12 (CCl2F2) of the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS) aboard the European satellite Envisat have been retrieved from versions MIPAS/4.61 to MI-PAS/4.62 and MIPAS/5.02 to MIPAS/5.06 lev...
Coakley, K. J.; Miller, J. B.; Montzka, S. A.; Sweeney, C.; Miller, B.;
Published Date:
2016
Source:
Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, 121(12), 7489-7505.
Series:
CIRES (Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences)
Description:
The measured C-14:C-12 isotopic ratio of atmospheric CO2 (and its associated derived Delta C-14 value) is an ideal tracer for determination of the fossil fuel derived CO2 enhancement contributing to any atmospheric CO2 measurement (C-ff). Given enoug...
Wiggins, E. B.; Veraverbeke, S.; Henderson, J. M.; Karion, A.; Miller, J. B.; Lindaas, J.; Commane, R.; Sweeney, C.; Luus, K. A.; Tosca, M. G.; Dinardo, S. J.; Wofsy, S.; Miller, C. E.; Randerson, J. T.;
Published Date:
2016
Source:
Journal of Geophysical Research-Biogeosciences, 121(11), 2793-2810.
Series:
CIRES (Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences)
Description:
Relationships between boreal wildfire emissions and day-to-day variations in meteorological variables are complex and have important implications for the sensitivity of high-latitude ecosystems to climate change. We examined the influence of environm...
CIRES (Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences)
Description:
Carbonyl sulfide (COS) has been suggested as a useful tracer for gross primary production as it is taken up by plants in a similar way as CO2. To explore and verify the application of this novel tracer, it is highly desired to develop the ability to ...
Pandey, S.; Houweling, S.; Krol, M.; Aben, I.; Chevallier, F.; Dlugokencky, E. J.; Gatti, L. V.; Gloor, E.; Miller, J. B.; Detmers, R.; Machida, T.; Rockmann, T.;
Published Date:
2016
Source:
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 16(8), 5043-5062.
Series:
CIRES (Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences)
Description:
This study investigates the constraint provided by greenhouse gas measurements from space on surface fluxes. Imperfect knowledge of the light path through the atmosphere, arising from scattering by clouds and aerosols, can create biases in column mea...
Van Dam, B.; Helmig, D.; Doskey, P. V.; Oltmans, S. J.;
Published Date:
2016
Source:
Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, 121(13), 8055-8066.
Series:
CIRES (Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences)
Description:
Atmospheric turbulence quantities, boundary layer ozone (O-3) levels, and O-3 deposition to the tundra surface were investigated at Toolik Lake, AK, during the 2011 summer season. Beginning immediately after snowmelt, a diurnal cycle of O-3 in the at...
Miller, S. M.; Miller, C. E.; Commane, R.; Chang, R. Y. W.; Dinardo, S. J.; Henderson, J. M.; Karion, A.; Lindaas, J.; Melton, J. R.; Miller, J. B.; Sweeney, C.; Wofsy, S. C.; Michalak, A. M.;
Published Date:
2016
Source:
Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 30(10), 1441-1453.
Series:
CIRES (Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences)
Description:
Methane (CH4) fluxes from Alaska and other arctic regions may be sensitive to thawing permafrost and future climate change, but estimates of both current and future fluxes from the region are uncertain. This study estimates CH4 fluxes across Alaska f...
Patra, P. K.; Saeki, T.; Dlugokencky, E. J.; Ishijima, K.; Umezawa, T.; Ito, A.; Aoki, S.; Morimoto, S.; Kort, E. A.; Crotwell, A.;
Published Date:
2016
Source:
Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan, 94(1), 91-113.
Series:
CIRES (Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences)
Description:
Methane (CH4) plays important roles in atmospheric chemistry and short-term forcing of climate. A clear understanding of atmospheric CH4's budget of emissions and losses is required to aid sustainable management of Earth's future environment. We used...
Parazoo, N. C.; Commane, R.; Wofsy, S. C.; Koven, C. D.; Sweeney, C.; Lawrence, D. M.; Lindaas, J.; Chang, R. Y. W.; Miller, C. E.;
Published Date:
2016
Source:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 113(28), 7733-7738.
Series:
CIRES (Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences)
Description:
With rapid changes in climate and the seasonal amplitude of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the Arctic, it is critical that we detect and quantify the underlying processes controlling the changing amplitude of CO2 to better predict carbon cycle feedbacks in ...
Prinn, R. G.; Weiss, R. F.; Arduini, J.; Arnold, T.; DeWitt, H. L.; Fraser, P. J.; Ganesan, A. L.; Gasore, J.; Harth, C. M.; Hermansen, O.; Kim, J.; Krummel, P. B.; Li, S. L.; Loh, Z. M.; Lunder, C. R.; Maione, M.; Manning, A. J.; Miller, B.; Mitrevski, B.; Muhle, J.; O'Doherty, S.; Park, S.; Reimann, S.; Rigby, M.; Saito, T.; Salameh, P. K.; Schmidt, R.; Simmonds, P. G.; Steele, L. P.; Vollmer, M. K.; Wang, R. H.; Yao, B.; Yokouchi, Y.; Young, D.; Zhou, L. X.;
Published Date:
2018
Source:
Earth System Science Data, 10(2), 985-1018.
Description:
We present the organization, instrumentation, datasets, data interpretation, modeling, and accomplishments of the multinational global atmospheric measurement program AGAGE (Advanced Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment). AGAGE is distinguished by its...
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