| A reconstructed South Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation time series since 1870 - :18008 | Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research (OAR)
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A reconstructed South Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation time series since 1870
Filetype[PDF-2.59 MB]


Details:
  • DOI:
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2017gl073227
  • Personal Authors:
  • Description:
    This study reconstructs a century-long South Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (SAMOC) index. The reconstruction is possible due to its covariability with sea surface temperature (SST). A singular value decomposition (SVD) method is applied to the correlation matrix of SST and SAMOC. The SVD is performed on the trained period (1993 to present) for which Expendable Bathythermographs and satellite altimetry observations are available. The joint modes obtained are used in the reconstruction of a monthly SAMOC time series from 1870 to present. The reconstructed index is highly correlated to the observational based SAMOC time series during the trained period and provides a long historical estimate. It is shown that the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO) is the leading mode of SAMOC-SST covariability, explaining similar to 85% with the Atlantic Nino accounting for less than 10%. The reconstruction shows that SAMOC has recently shifted to an anomalous positive period, consistent with a recent positive shift of the IPO.

  • Document Type:
    Journal Article
  • Collection(s):
    Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research (OAR)
  • Supporting Files:
    No Additional Files
    1. Observations of Infrared Sea Surface Temperature and Air-Sea Interaction in Hurricane Edouard (2014) Using GPS Dropsondes
      Personal Author:
      Zhang, J. A.; Cione, J. J.; Kalina, E. A.; Uhlhorn, E. W.; Hock, T.; Smith, J. A.;
      Published:
      2017
      Source:
      Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, 34(6), 1333-1349.
      Series:
      CIMAS (Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies)
      Description:
      This study highlights infrared sensor technology incorporated into the global positioning system (GPS) dropsonde platforms to obtain sea surface temperature (SST) measurements. This modified sonde (IRsonde) is used to improve understanding of air-sea...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 3.98 MB]
    2. The impact of changing wind speeds on gas transfer and its effect on global air-sea CO2 fluxes
      Personal Author:
      Wanninkhof, R.; Trinanes, J.;
      Published:
      2017
      Source:
      Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 31(6), 961-974.
      Series:
      CIMAS (Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies)
      Description:
      An increase in global wind speeds over time is affecting the global uptake of CO2 by the ocean. We determine the impact of changing winds on gas transfer and CO2 uptake by using the recently updated, global high-resolution, cross-calibrated multiplat...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 20.62 MB]
    3. An estimate of diapycnal nutrient fluxes to the euphotic zone in the Florida Straits
      Personal Author:
      Zhang, J. Z.; Baringer, M. O.; Fischer, C. J.; Hooper, V. J. A.;
      Published:
      2017
      Source:
      Scientific Reports, 7(8).
      Series:
      CIMAS (Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies)
      Description:
      A recent hydrographic survey of the Florida Current at 27 degrees N revealed an enhanced upward flux of nutrients along the Florida coast. Geostrophic flow of the Gulf Stream through the narrow Florida Straits causes an uplift of the nutricline towar...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 2.55 MB]
    4. Resilience in carbonate production despite three coral bleaching events in 5 years on an inshore patch reef in the Florida Keys
      Personal Author:
      Manzello, D. P.; Enochs, I. C.; Kolodziej, G.; Carlton, R.; Valentino, L.;
      Published:
      2018
      Source:
      Marine Biology, 165(6), 11.
      Series:
      CIMAS (Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies)
      Description:
      The persistence of coral reef frameworks requires that calcium carbonate (CaCO3) production by corals and other calcifiers outpaces CaCO3 loss via physical, chemical, and biological erosion. Coral bleaching causes declines in CaCO3 production, but th...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 1.31 MB]
    5. Examination of Surface Wind Asymmetries in Tropical Cyclones. Part I: General Structure and Wind Shear Impacts
      Personal Author:
      Klotz, B. W.; Jiang, H. Y.;
      Published:
      2017
      Source:
      Monthly Weather Review, 145(10), 3989-4009.
      Series:
      CIMAS (Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies)
      Description:
      Because surface wind speeds within tropical cyclones are important for operational and research interests, it is vital to understand surface wind structure in relation to various storm and environmental influences. In this study, global rain-correcte...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 3.11 MB]
    6. Taking the metabolic pulse of the world's coral reefs
      Personal Author:
      Cyronak, T.; Andersson, A. J.; Langdon, C.; Albright, R.; Bates, N. R.; Caldeira, K.; Carlton, R.; Corredor, J. E.; Dunbar, R. B.; Enochs, I.; Erez, J.; Eyre, B. D.; Gattuso, J. P.; Gledhill, D.; Kayanne, H.; Kline, D. I.; Koweek, D. A.; Lantz, C.; Lazar, B.; Manzello, D.; McMahon, A.; Melendez, M.; Page, H. N.; Santos, I. R.; Schulz, K. G.; Shaw, E.; Silverman, J.; Suzuki, A.; Teneva, L.; Watanabe, A.; Yamamoto, S.;
      Published:
      2018
      Source:
      Plos One, 13(1), 17.
      Series:
      CIMAS (Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies)
      Description:
      Worldwide, coral reef ecosystems are experiencing increasing pressure from a variety of anthropogenic perturbations including ocean warming and acidification, increased sedimentation, eutrophication, and overfishing, which could shift reefs to a cond...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 1.93 MB]
    7. Genomic Variation and Evolution of Vibrio parahaemolyticus ST36 over the Course of a Transcontinental Epidemic Expansion
      Personal Author:
      Martinez-Urtaza, J.; van Aerle, R.; Abanto, M.; Haendiges, J.; Myers, R. A.; Trinanes, J.; Baker-Austin, C.; Gonzalez-Escalona, N.;
      Published:
      2017
      Source:
      Mbio, 8(6), 17.
      Series:
      CIMAS (Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies)
      Description:
      Vibrio parahaemolyticus is the leading cause of seafood-related infections with illnesses undergoing a geographic expansion. In this process of expansion, the most fundamental change has been the transition from infections caused by local strains to ...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 2.27 MB]
    8. The Role of African Dust in Atlantic Climate During Heinrich Events
      Personal Author:
      Murphy, L. N.; Goes, M.; Clement, A. C.;
      Published:
      2017
      Source:
      Paleoceanography, 32(11), 1291-1308.
      Series:
      CIMAS (Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies)
      Description:
      Increased ice discharge in the North Atlantic is thought to cause a weakening, or collapse, of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) during Heinrich events. Paleoclimate records indicate that these periods were marked by severe tropi...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 2.41 MB]
    9. Environmental Suitability of Vibrio Infections in a Warming Climate: An Early Warning System
      Personal Author:
      Semenza, J. C.; Trinanes, J.; Lohr, W.; Sudre, B.; Lofdahl, M.; Martinez-Urtaza, J.; Nichols, G. L.; Rocklov, J.;
      Published:
      2017
      Source:
      Environmental Health Perspectives, 125(10), 12.
      Series:
      CIMAS (Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies)
      Description:
      BACKGROUND: Some Vibrio spp. are pathogenic and ubiquitous in marine waters with low to moderate salinity and thrive with elevated sea surface temperature (SST). OBJECTIVES: Our objective was to monitor and project the suitability of marine condition...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 3.97 MB]
    10. Importance of ocean mesoscale variability for air-sea interactions in the Gulf of Mexico
      Personal Author:
      Putrasahan, D. A.; Kamenkovich, I.; Le Henaff, M.; Kirtman, B. P.;
      Published:
      2017
      Source:
      Geophysical Research Letters, 44(12), 6352-6362.
      Series:
      CIMAS (Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies)
      Description:
      Mesoscale variability of currents in the Gulf of Mexico (GoM) can affect oceanic heat advection and air-sea heat exchanges, which can influence climate extremes over North America. This study is aimed at understanding the influence of the oceanic mes...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 1.59 MB]
    11. Spiral gravity waves radiating from tropical cyclones
      Personal Author:
      Nolan, D. S.; Zhang, J. A.;
      Published:
      2017
      Source:
      Geophysical Research Letters, 44(8), 3924-3931.
      Series:
      CIMAS (Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies)
      Description:
      Internal gravity waves are continuously generated by deep moist convection around the globe. Satellite images suggest that tropical cyclones produce short-wavelength, high-frequency waves that radiate outward, with the wave fronts wrapped into tight ...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 1.41 MB]
    12. Reply to "Comments on 'Multiscale Structure and Evolution of Hurricane Earl (2010) during Rapid Intensification'"
      Personal Author:
      Rogers, R. F.; Reasor, P. D.; Zhang, J. A.;
      Published:
      2017
      Source:
      Monthly Weather Review, 145(4), 1573-1575.
      Series:
      CIMAS (Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies)
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 587.17 KB]
    13. Autonomous Multi-Platform Observations During the Salinity Processes in the Upper-ocean Regional Study
      Personal Author:
      Lindstrom, E. J.; Shcherbina, A. Y.; Rainville, L.; Farrar, J. T.; Centurioni, L. R.; Dong, S. F.; D'Asaro, E. A.; Eriksen, C.; Fratantoni, D. M.; Hodges, B. A.; Hormann, V.; Kessler, W. S.; Lee, C. M.; Riser, S. C.; St Laurent, L.; Volkov, D. L.;
      Published:
      2017
      Source:
      Oceanography, 30(2), 38-48.
      Series:
      CIMAS (Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies)
      Description:
      The Salinity Processes in the Upper-ocean Regional Study ( SPURS) aims to understand the patterns and variability of sea surface salinity. In order to capture the wide range of spatial and temporal scales associated with processes controlling salinit...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 4.42 MB]
    14. Wind-driven ocean dynamics impact on the contrasting sea-ice trends around West Antarctica
      Personal Author:
      Lee, S. K.; Volkov, D. L.; Lopez, H.; Cheon, W. G.; Gordon, A. L.; Liu, Y. Y.; Wanninkhof, R.;
      Published:
      2017
      Source:
      Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans, 122(5), 4413-4430.
      Series:
      CIMAS (Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies)
      Description:
      Since late 1978, Antarctic sea-ice extent in the East Pacific has retreated persistently over the Amundsen and Bellingshausen Seas in warm seasons, but expanded over the Ross and Amundsen Seas in cold seasons, while almost opposite seasonal trends ha...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 5.61 MB]
    15. Performance of Basin-Scale HWRF Tropical Cyclone Track Forecasts
      Personal Author:
      Alaka, G. J.; Zhang, X. J.; Gopalakrishnan, S. G.; Goldenberg, S. B.; Marks, F. D.;
      Published:
      2017
      Source:
      Weather and Forecasting, 32(3), 1253-1271.
      Series:
      CIMAS (Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies)
      Description:
      The Hurricane Weather Research and Forecasting (HWRF) Model is a dynamical model that has shown annual improvements in its tropical cyclone (TC) track forecasts as a result of various modifications. This study focuses on an experimental version of HW...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 4.43 MB]
    16. An Extreme Event in the Eyewall of Hurricane Felix on 2 September 2007
      Personal Author:
      Aberson, S. D.; Zhang, J. A.; Ocasio, K. N.;
      Published:
      2017
      Source:
      Monthly Weather Review, 145(6), 2083-2092.
      Series:
      CIMAS (Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies)
      Description:
      During a routine penetration into Hurricane Felix late on 2 September 2007, NOAA42 encountered extreme turbulence and graupel, flight-level horizontal wind gusts of over 83ms(-1), and vertical wind speeds varying from 10 ms (1) downward to 31ms (1) u...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 2.45 MB]
    17. Calculating Dropwindsonde Location and Time from TEMP-DROP Messages for Accurate Assimilation and Analysis
      Personal Author:
      Aberson, S. D.; Sellwood, K. J.; Leighton, P. A.;
      Published:
      2017
      Source:
      Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, 34(8), 1673-1678.
      Series:
      CIMAS (Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies)
      Description:
      Current practice is to transmit dropwindsonde data from aircraft using the TEMP-DROP format, which provides only the release location and time with 0.1 degrees latitude x 0.1 degrees longitude (about 11 km) and 1-h resolutions, respectively. The curr...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 858.42 KB]
    18. Near-surface salinity and temperature structure observed with dual-sensor drifters in the subtropical South Pacific
      Personal Author:
      Dong, S. F.; Volkov, D.; Goni, G.; Lumpkin, R.; Foltz, G. R.;
      Published:
      2017
      Source:
      Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans, 122(7), 5952-5969.
      Series:
      CIMAS (Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies)
      Description:
      Three surface drifters equipped with temperature and salinity sensors at 0.2 and 5 m depths were deployed in April/May 2015 in the subtropical South Pacific with the objective of measuring near-surface salinity differences seen by satellite and in si...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 3.20 MB]
    19. The Dynamics of Cuba Anticyclones (CubANs) and Interaction With the Loop Current/Florida Current System
      Personal Author:
      Kourafalou, V.; Androulidakis, Y.; Le Henaff, M.; Kang, H.;
      Published:
      2017
      Source:
      Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans, 122(10), 7897-7923.
      Series:
      CIMAS (Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies)
      Description:
      Mesoscale anticyclonic eddies along the northern Cuban coast (CubANs) have been identified in the Straits of Florida, associated with the northward shift of the Florida Current (FC) and the anticyclonic curvature of the Loop Current (LC) at the weste...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 13.12 MB]
    20. Acclimatization to high-variance habitats does not enhance physiological tolerance of two key Caribbean corals to future temperature and pH
      Personal Author:
      Camp, E. F.; Smith, D. J.; Evenhuis, C.; Enochs, I.; Manzello, D.; Woodcock, S.; Suggett, D. J.;
      Published:
      2016
      Source:
      Proceedings of the Royal Society B-Biological Sciences, 283(1831), 20160442.
      Series:
      CIMAS (Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies)
      Description:
      Corals are acclimatized to populate dynamic habitats that neighbour coral reefs. Habitats such as seagrass beds exhibit broad diel changes in temperature and pH that routinely expose corals to conditions predicted for reefs over the next 50-100 years...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 890.92 KB]
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