Taking the metabolic pulse of the world's coral reefs

Cyronak, T.; Andersson, A. J.; Langdon, C.; Albright, R.; Bates, N. R.; Caldeira, K.; Carlton, R.; Corredor, J. E.; Dunbar, R. B.; Enochs, I.; Erez, J.; Eyre, B. D.; Gattuso, J. P.; Gledhill, D.; Kayanne, H.; Kline, D. I.; Koweek, D. A.; Lantz, C.; Lazar, B.; Manzello, D.; McMahon, A.; Melendez, M.; Page, H. N.; Santos, I. R.; Schulz, K. G.; Shaw, E.; Silverman, J.; Suzuki, A.; Teneva, L.; Watanabe, A.; Yamamoto, S.

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0190872

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Details:

Personal Author:

Cyronak, T. ; Andersson, A. J. ; Langdon, C. ; Albright, R. ; Bates, N. R. ; ... More ▼

Corporate Authors:

United States. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research, ; United States, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, ; Coral Reef Conservation Program (U.S.) ; Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies (Key Biscayne, Fla.) ;

Description:

Worldwide, coral reef ecosystems are experiencing increasing pressure from a variety of anthropogenic perturbations including ocean warming and acidification, increased sedimentation, eutrophication, and overfishing, which could shift reefs to a condition of net calcium carbonate (CaCO3) dissolution and erosion. Herein, we determine the net calcification potential and the relative balance of net organic carbon metabolism (net community production; NCP) and net inorganic carbon metabolism (net community calcification; NCC) within 23 coral reef locations across the globe. In light of these results, we consider the suitability of using these two metrics developed from total alkalinity (TA) and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) measurements collected on different spatiotemporal scales to monitor coral reef biogeochemistry under anthropogenic change. All reefs in this study were net calcifying for the majority of observations as inferred from alkalinity depletion relative to offshore, although occasional observations of net dissolution occurred at most locations. However, reefs with lower net calcification potential (i.e., lower TA depletion) could shift towards net dissolution sooner than reefs with a higher potential. The percent influence of organic carbon fluxes on total changes in dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) (i.e., NCP compared to the sum of NCP and NCC) ranged from 32% to 88% and reflected inherent biogeochemical differences between reefs. Reefs with the largest relative percentage of NCP experienced the largest variability in seawater pH for a given change in DIC, which is directly related to the reefs ability to elevate or suppress local pH relative to the open ocean. This work highlights the value of measuring coral reef carbonate chemistry when evaluating their susceptibility to ongoing global environmental change and offers a baseline from which to guide future conservation efforts aimed at preserving these valuable ecosystems.

DOI:

http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0190872

Document Type:

Journal Article

Collection(s):

Coral Reef Conservation Program (CRCP)
NOAA Cooperative Institutes
Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research (OAR)

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The impact of changing wind speeds on gas transfer and its effect on global air-sea CO2 fluxes

Personal Author:

Wanninkhof, R.; Trinanes, J.;

Published Date:

2017

Source:

Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 31(6), 961-974.

Description:

An increase in global wind speeds over time is affecting the global uptake of CO2 by the ocean. We determine the impact of changing winds on gas transfer and CO2 uptake by using the recently updated, global high-resolution, cross-calibrated multiplat...

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[PDF - 20.62 MB]
Near-surface salinity and temperature structure observed with dual-sensor drifters in the subtropical South Pacific

Personal Author:

Dong, S. F.; Volkov, D.; Goni, G.; Lumpkin, R.; Foltz, G. R.;

Published Date:

2017

Source:

Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans, 122(7), 5952-5969.

Description:

Three surface drifters equipped with temperature and salinity sensors at 0.2 and 5 m depths were deployed in April/May 2015 in the subtropical South Pacific with the objective of measuring near-surface salinity differences seen by satellite and in si...

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Autonomous Multi-Platform Observations During the Salinity Processes in the Upper-ocean Regional Study

Personal Author:

Lindstrom, E. J.; Shcherbina, A. Y.; Rainville, L.; Farrar, J. T.; Centurioni, L. R.; Dong, S. F.; D'Asaro, E. A.; Eriksen, C.; Fratantoni, D. M.; Hodges, B. A.; Hormann, V.; Kessler, W. S.; Lee, C. M.; Riser, S. C.; St Laurent, L.; Volkov, D. L.;

Published Date:

2017

Source:

Oceanography, 30(2), 38-48.

Description:

The Salinity Processes in the Upper-ocean Regional Study ( SPURS) aims to understand the patterns and variability of sea surface salinity. In order to capture the wide range of spatial and temporal scales associated with processes controlling salinit...

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Personal Author:

Zhang, J. Z.; Baringer, M. O.; Fischer, C. J.; Hooper, V. J. A.;

Published Date:

2017

Source:

Scientific Reports, 7(8).

Description:

A recent hydrographic survey of the Florida Current at 27 degrees N revealed an enhanced upward flux of nutrients along the Florida coast. Geostrophic flow of the Gulf Stream through the narrow Florida Straits causes an uplift of the nutricline towar...

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Personal Author:

Aberson, S. D.; Sellwood, K. J.; Leighton, P. A.;

Published Date:

2017

Source:

Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, 34(8), 1673-1678.

Description:

Current practice is to transmit dropwindsonde data from aircraft using the TEMP-DROP format, which provides only the release location and time with 0.1 degrees latitude x 0.1 degrees longitude (about 11 km) and 1-h resolutions, respectively. The curr...

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Personal Author:

Rogers, R. F.; Reasor, P. D.; Zhang, J. A.;

Published Date:

2017

Source:

Monthly Weather Review, 145(4), 1573-1575.

File Type:

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Lee, S. K.; Volkov, D. L.; Lopez, H.; Cheon, W. G.; Gordon, A. L.; Liu, Y. Y.; Wanninkhof, R.;

Published Date:

2017

Source:

Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans, 122(5), 4413-4430.

Description:

Since late 1978, Antarctic sea-ice extent in the East Pacific has retreated persistently over the Amundsen and Bellingshausen Seas in warm seasons, but expanded over the Ross and Amundsen Seas in cold seasons, while almost opposite seasonal trends ha...

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Performance of Basin-Scale HWRF Tropical Cyclone Track Forecasts

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Alaka, G. J.; Zhang, X. J.; Gopalakrishnan, S. G.; Goldenberg, S. B.; Marks, F. D.;

Published Date:

2017

Source:

Weather and Forecasting, 32(3), 1253-1271.

Description:

The Hurricane Weather Research and Forecasting (HWRF) Model is a dynamical model that has shown annual improvements in its tropical cyclone (TC) track forecasts as a result of various modifications. This study focuses on an experimental version of HW...

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Personal Author:

Zhang, J. A.; Cione, J. J.; Kalina, E. A.; Uhlhorn, E. W.; Hock, T.; Smith, J. A.;

Published Date:

2017

Source:

Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, 34(6), 1333-1349.

Description:

This study highlights infrared sensor technology incorporated into the global positioning system (GPS) dropsonde platforms to obtain sea surface temperature (SST) measurements. This modified sonde (IRsonde) is used to improve understanding of air-sea...

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[PDF - 3.98 MB]
A Call for Evaluation of the Contribution Made by Resuce, Resuscitation, Rehabilitation, and Release Translocations to Kemp's Ridley Sea Turtle (Lepidochelys Kempii) Population Recovery

Personal Author:

Caillouet, C. W.; Putman, N. F.; Shaver, D. J.; Valverde, R. A.; Seney, E. E.; Lohmann, K. J.; Mansfield, K. L.; Gallaway, B. J.; Flanagan, J. P.; Godfrey, M. H.;

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2016

Source:

Herpetological Conservation and Biology, 11(3), 486-496.

Description:

Kemp's Ridley Sea Turtle (Lepidochelys kempii) conservation practices permitted by the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), under authority of the U. S. Endangered Species Act of 1973, include transloca...

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[PDF - 679.58 KB]
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Personal Author:

Manzello, D. P.; Enochs, I. C.; Kolodziej, G.; Carlton, R.; Valentino, L.;

Published Date:

2018

Source:

Marine Biology, 165(6), 11.

Description:

The persistence of coral reef frameworks requires that calcium carbonate (CaCO3) production by corals and other calcifiers outpaces CaCO3 loss via physical, chemical, and biological erosion. Coral bleaching causes declines in CaCO3 production, but th...

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[PDF - 1.31 MB]
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Personal Author:

Kubryakov, A. A.; Stanichny, S. V.; Volkov, D. L.;

Published Date:

2017

Source:

Ocean Science, 13(3), 443-452.

Description:

Satellite altimetry measurements show that the magnitude of the Black Sea sea level trends is spatially uneven. While the basin-mean sea level rise from 1993 to 2014 was about 3.15 mm yr(-1), the local rates of sea level rise varied from 1.5-2.5 mm y...

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[PDF - 11.80 MB]
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Personal Author:

Kourafalou, V.; Androulidakis, Y.; Le Henaff, M.; Kang, H.;

Published Date:

2017

Source:

Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans, 122(10), 7897-7923.

Description:

Mesoscale anticyclonic eddies along the northern Cuban coast (CubANs) have been identified in the Straits of Florida, associated with the northward shift of the Florida Current (FC) and the anticyclonic curvature of the Loop Current (LC) at the weste...

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Axisymmetric Initialization of the Atmosphere and Ocean for Idealized Coupled Hurricane Simulations

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Aksoy, A.; Zhang, J. A.; Klotz, B. W.; Uhlhorn, E. W.; Cione, J. J.;

Published Date:

2017

Source:

Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, 9(7), 2672-2695.

Description:

A new vortex-scale initialization scheme is presented for idealized coupled hurricane simulations. The atmospheric scheme involves construction of azimuthally averaged kinematic and thermodynamic initial fields based on historical composite data sets...

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Martinez-Urtaza, J.; van Aerle, R.; Abanto, M.; Haendiges, J.; Myers, R. A.; Trinanes, J.; Baker-Austin, C.; Gonzalez-Escalona, N.;

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2017

Source:

Mbio, 8(6), 17.

Description:

Vibrio parahaemolyticus is the leading cause of seafood-related infections with illnesses undergoing a geographic expansion. In this process of expansion, the most fundamental change has been the transition from infections caused by local strains to ...

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Murphy, L. N.; Goes, M.; Clement, A. C.;

Published Date:

2017

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Paleoceanography, 32(11), 1291-1308.

Description:

Increased ice discharge in the North Atlantic is thought to cause a weakening, or collapse, of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) during Heinrich events. Paleoclimate records indicate that these periods were marked by severe tropi...

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Putrasahan, D. A.; Kamenkovich, I.; Le Henaff, M.; Kirtman, B. P.;

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2017

Source:

Geophysical Research Letters, 44(12), 6352-6362.

Description:

Mesoscale variability of currents in the Gulf of Mexico (GoM) can affect oceanic heat advection and air-sea heat exchanges, which can influence climate extremes over North America. This study is aimed at understanding the influence of the oceanic mes...

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Goes, M.; Babcock, E.; Bringas, F.; Ortner, P.; Goni, G.;

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2017

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Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, 34(9), 1947-1961.

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Expendable bathythermograph (XBT) data provide one of the longest available records of upper-ocean temperature. However, temperature and depth biases in XBT data adversely affect estimates of long-term trends of ocean heat content and, to a lesser ex...

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An Extreme Event in the Eyewall of Hurricane Felix on 2 September 2007

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Aberson, S. D.; Zhang, J. A.; Ocasio, K. N.;

Published Date:

2017

Source:

Monthly Weather Review, 145(6), 2083-2092.

Description:

During a routine penetration into Hurricane Felix late on 2 September 2007, NOAA42 encountered extreme turbulence and graupel, flight-level horizontal wind gusts of over 83ms(-1), and vertical wind speeds varying from 10 ms (1) downward to 31ms (1) u...

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