An increase in global wind speeds over time is affecting the global uptake of CO2 by the ocean. We determine the impact of changing winds on gas transfer and CO2 uptake by using the recently updated, global high-resolution, cross-calibrated multiplatform wind product (CCMP-V2) and a fixed monthly pCO(2) climatology. In particular, we assess global changes in the context of regional wind speed changes that are attributed to large-scale climate reorganizations. The impact of wind on global CO2 gas fluxes as determined by the bulk formula is dependent on several factors, including the functionality of the gas exchange-wind speed relationship and the regional and seasonal differences in the air-water partial pressure of CO2 gradient (pCO(2)). The latter also controls the direction of the flux. Fluxes out of the ocean are influenced more by changes in the low-to-intermediate wind speed range, while ingassing is impacted more by changes in higher winds because of the regional correlations between wind and pCO(2). Gas exchange-wind speed parameterizations with a quadratic and third-order polynomial dependency on wind, each of which meets global constraints, are compared. The changes in air-sea CO2 fluxes resulting from wind speed trends are greatest in the equatorial Pacific and cause a 0.03-0.04PgCdecade(-1) increase in outgassing over the 27year time span. This leads to a small overall decrease of 0.00 to 0.02PgCdecade(-1) in global net CO2 uptake, contrary to expectations that increasing winds increase net CO2 uptake. Plain Language Summary The effects of changing winds are isolated from the total change in trends in global air-sea CO2 fluxes over the last 27years. The overall effect of increasing winds over time has a smaller impact than expected as the impact in regions of outgassing is greater than for the regions acting as a CO2 sink.
Camp, E. F.; Smith, D. J.; Evenhuis, C.; Enochs, I.; Manzello, D.; Woodcock, S.; Suggett, D. J.;
Published Date:
2016
Source:
Proceedings of the Royal Society B-Biological Sciences, 283(1831), 20160442.
Description:
Corals are acclimatized to populate dynamic habitats that neighbour coral reefs. Habitats such as seagrass beds exhibit broad diel changes in temperature and pH that routinely expose corals to conditions predicted for reefs over the next 50-100 years...
Gintert, B. E.; Manzello, D. P.; Enochs, I. C.; Kolodziej, G.; Carlton, R.; Gleason, A. C. R.; Gracias, N.;
Published Date:
2018
Source:
Coral Reefs, 37(2), 533-547.
Description:
Annual coral bleaching events, which are predicted to occur as early as the next decade in the Florida Keys, are expected to cause catastrophic coral mortality. Despite this, there is little field data on how Caribbean coral communities respond to an...
Cyronak, T.; Andersson, A. J.; Langdon, C.; Albright, R.; Bates, N. R.; Caldeira, K.; Carlton, R.; Corredor, J. E.; Dunbar, R. B.; Enochs, I.; Erez, J.; Eyre, B. D.; Gattuso, J. P.; Gledhill, D.; Kayanne, H.; Kline, D. I.; Koweek, D. A.; Lantz, C.; Lazar, B.; Manzello, D.; McMahon, A.; Melendez, M.; Page, H. N.; Santos, I. R.; Schulz, K. G.; Shaw, E.; Silverman, J.; Suzuki, A.; Teneva, L.; Watanabe, A.; Yamamoto, S.;
Published Date:
2018
Source:
Plos One, 13(1), 17.
Description:
Worldwide, coral reef ecosystems are experiencing increasing pressure from a variety of anthropogenic perturbations including ocean warming and acidification, increased sedimentation, eutrophication, and overfishing, which could shift reefs to a cond...
Because surface wind speeds within tropical cyclones are important for operational and research interests, it is vital to understand surface wind structure in relation to various storm and environmental influences. In this study, global rain-correcte...
This study reconstructs a century-long South Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (SAMOC) index. The reconstruction is possible due to its covariability with sea surface temperature (SST). A singular value decomposition (SVD) method is applied...
Internal gravity waves are continuously generated by deep moist convection around the globe. Satellite images suggest that tropical cyclones produce short-wavelength, high-frequency waves that radiate outward, with the wave fronts wrapped into tight ...
Manzello, D. P.; Enochs, I. C.; Kolodziej, G.; Carlton, R.; Valentino, L.;
Published Date:
2018
Source:
Marine Biology, 165(6), 11.
Description:
The persistence of coral reef frameworks requires that calcium carbonate (CaCO3) production by corals and other calcifiers outpaces CaCO3 loss via physical, chemical, and biological erosion. Coral bleaching causes declines in CaCO3 production, but th...
Kubryakov, A. A.; Stanichny, S. V.; Volkov, D. L.;
Published Date:
2017
Source:
Ocean Science, 13(3), 443-452.
Description:
Satellite altimetry measurements show that the magnitude of the Black Sea sea level trends is spatially uneven. While the basin-mean sea level rise from 1993 to 2014 was about 3.15 mm yr(-1), the local rates of sea level rise varied from 1.5-2.5 mm y...
Putrasahan, D. A.; Kamenkovich, I.; Le Henaff, M.; Kirtman, B. P.;
Published Date:
2017
Source:
Geophysical Research Letters, 44(12), 6352-6362.
Description:
Mesoscale variability of currents in the Gulf of Mexico (GoM) can affect oceanic heat advection and air-sea heat exchanges, which can influence climate extremes over North America. This study is aimed at understanding the influence of the oceanic mes...
Goes, M.; Babcock, E.; Bringas, F.; Ortner, P.; Goni, G.;
Published Date:
2017
Source:
Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, 34(9), 1947-1961.
Description:
Expendable bathythermograph (XBT) data provide one of the longest available records of upper-ocean temperature. However, temperature and depth biases in XBT data adversely affect estimates of long-term trends of ocean heat content and, to a lesser ex...
During a routine penetration into Hurricane Felix late on 2 September 2007, NOAA42 encountered extreme turbulence and graupel, flight-level horizontal wind gusts of over 83ms(-1), and vertical wind speeds varying from 10 ms (1) downward to 31ms (1) u...
Dong, S. F.; Volkov, D.; Goni, G.; Lumpkin, R.; Foltz, G. R.;
Published Date:
2017
Source:
Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans, 122(7), 5952-5969.
Description:
Three surface drifters equipped with temperature and salinity sensors at 0.2 and 5 m depths were deployed in April/May 2015 in the subtropical South Pacific with the objective of measuring near-surface salinity differences seen by satellite and in si...
Kourafalou, V.; Androulidakis, Y.; Le Henaff, M.; Kang, H.;
Published Date:
2017
Source:
Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans, 122(10), 7897-7923.
Description:
Mesoscale anticyclonic eddies along the northern Cuban coast (CubANs) have been identified in the Straits of Florida, associated with the northward shift of the Florida Current (FC) and the anticyclonic curvature of the Loop Current (LC) at the weste...
Aksoy, A.; Zhang, J. A.; Klotz, B. W.; Uhlhorn, E. W.; Cione, J. J.;
Published Date:
2017
Source:
Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, 9(7), 2672-2695.
Description:
A new vortex-scale initialization scheme is presented for idealized coupled hurricane simulations. The atmospheric scheme involves construction of azimuthally averaged kinematic and thermodynamic initial fields based on historical composite data sets...
Martinez-Urtaza, J.; van Aerle, R.; Abanto, M.; Haendiges, J.; Myers, R. A.; Trinanes, J.; Baker-Austin, C.; Gonzalez-Escalona, N.;
Published Date:
2017
Source:
Mbio, 8(6), 17.
Description:
Vibrio parahaemolyticus is the leading cause of seafood-related infections with illnesses undergoing a geographic expansion. In this process of expansion, the most fundamental change has been the transition from infections caused by local strains to ...
Increased ice discharge in the North Atlantic is thought to cause a weakening, or collapse, of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) during Heinrich events. Paleoclimate records indicate that these periods were marked by severe tropi...
Lindstrom, E. J.; Shcherbina, A. Y.; Rainville, L.; Farrar, J. T.; Centurioni, L. R.; Dong, S. F.; D'Asaro, E. A.; Eriksen, C.; Fratantoni, D. M.; Hodges, B. A.; Hormann, V.; Kessler, W. S.; Lee, C. M.; Riser, S. C.; St Laurent, L.; Volkov, D. L.;
Published Date:
2017
Source:
Oceanography, 30(2), 38-48.
Description:
The Salinity Processes in the Upper-ocean Regional Study ( SPURS) aims to understand the patterns and variability of sea surface salinity. In order to capture the wide range of spatial and temporal scales associated with processes controlling salinit...
Lee, S. K.; Volkov, D. L.; Lopez, H.; Cheon, W. G.; Gordon, A. L.; Liu, Y. Y.; Wanninkhof, R.;
Published Date:
2017
Source:
Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans, 122(5), 4413-4430.
Description:
Since late 1978, Antarctic sea-ice extent in the East Pacific has retreated persistently over the Amundsen and Bellingshausen Seas in warm seasons, but expanded over the Ross and Amundsen Seas in cold seasons, while almost opposite seasonal trends ha...