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A North American Hourly Assimilation and Model Forecast Cycle: The Rapid Refresh
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    1. Optimal interpolation analysis of highlatitude ionospheric Hall and Pedersen conductivities Application to assimilative ionospheric electrodynamics reconstruction
      Optimal interpolation analysis of high-latitude ionospheric Hall and Pedersen conductivities: Application to assimilative ionospheric electrodynamics reconstruction
      Personal Author:
      McGranaghan, R.; Knipp, D. J.; Matsuo, T.; Cousins, E.;
      Published Date:
      2016
      Source:
      Journal of Geophysical Research-Space Physics, 121(5), 4898-4923.
      Series:
      CIRES (Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences)
      Description:
      We have developed a new optimal interpolation (OI) technique to estimate complete high-latitude ionospheric conductance distributions from Defense Meteorological Satellite Program particle data. The technique combines particle precipitation-based cal...
      File Type:
      Filetype[BIN - 84.19 KB]
    2. Characteristics of acoustic gravity waves obtained from Dynasonde data
      Characteristics of acoustic gravity waves obtained from Dynasonde data
      Personal Author:
      Negrea, C.; Zabotin, N.; Bullett, T.; Fuller-Rowell, T.; Fang, T. W.; Codrescu, M.;
      Published Date:
      2016
      Source:
      Journal of Geophysical Research-Space Physics, 121(4), 3665-3680.
      Series:
      CIRES (Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences)
      Description:
      Traveling ionospheric disturbances (TIDs) are ubiquitous in the thermosphere-ionosphere and are often assumed to be caused by acoustic gravity waves (AGWs). This study performs an analysis of the TID and AGW activity above Wallops Island, VA, during ...
      File Type:
      Filetype[BIN - 90.28 KB]
    3. Impacts of Interactive Stratospheric Chemistry on Antarctic and Southern Ocean Climate Change in the Goddard Earth Observing System Version 5 GEOS5
      Impacts of Interactive Stratospheric Chemistry on Antarctic and Southern Ocean Climate Change in the Goddard Earth Observing System, Version 5 (GEOS-5)
      Personal Author:
      Li, F.; Vikhliaev, Y. V.; Newman, P. A.; Pawson, S.; Perlwitz, J.; Waugh, D. W.; Douglass, A. R.;
      Published Date:
      2016
      Source:
      Journal of Climate, 29(9), 3199-3218.
      Series:
      CIRES (Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences)
      Description:
      Stratospheric ozone depletion plays a major role in driving climate change in the Southern Hemisphere. To date, many climate models prescribe the stratospheric ozone layer's evolution using monthly and zonally averaged ozone fields. However, the pres...
      File Type:
      Filetype[BIN - 58.60 KB]
    4. Modifications to the Rapid Update Cycle Land Surface Model (RUC LSM) Available in the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model
      Personal Author:
      Smirnova, T. G.; Brown, J. M.; Benjamin, S. G.; Kenyon, J. S.;
      Published Date:
      2016
      Source:
      Monthly Weather Review, 144(5), 1851-1865.
      Series:
      CIRES (Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences)
      Description:
      The land surface model (LSM) described in this manuscript was originally developed as part of the NOAA Rapid Update Cycle (RUC) model development effort; with ongoing modifications, it is now used as an option for the WRF community model. The RUC mod...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 5.07 MB]
    5. Observations of the Structure and Evolution of Hurricane Edouard (2014) during Intensity Change. Part I: Relationship between the Thermodynamic Structure and Precipitation
      Personal Author:
      Zawislak, J.; Jiang, H. Y.; Alvey, G. R.; Zipser, E. J.; Rogers, R. F.; Zhang, J. A.; Stevenson, S. N.;
      Published Date:
      2016
      Source:
      Monthly Weather Review, 144(9), 3333-3354.
      Series:
      CIRES (Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences)
      Description:
      The structural evolution of the inner core and near environment throughout the life cycle of Hurricane Edouard (2014) is examined using a synthesis of airborne and satellite measurements. This study specifically focuses on the precipitation evolution...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 3.96 MB]
    6. Rapid Mesoscale Environmental Changes Accompanying Genesis of an Unusual Tornado
      Personal Author:
      Koch, S. E.; Ware, R.; Jiang, H. L.; Xie, Y. F.;
      Published Date:
      2016
      Source:
      Weather and Forecasting, 31(3), 763-786.
      Series:
      CIRES (Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences)
      Description:
      This study documents a very rapid increase in convective instability, vertical wind shear, and mesoscale forcing for ascent leading to the formation of a highly unusual tornado as detected by a ground-based microwave radiometer and wind profiler, and...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 7.58 MB]
    7. BRIDGING RESEARCH TO OPERATIONS TRANSITIONS Status and Plans of Community GSI
      Personal Author:
      Shao, H.; Derber, J.; Huang, X. Y.; Hu, M.; Newman, K.; Stark, D.; Lueken, M.; Zhou, C. H.; Nance, L.; Kuo, Y. H.; Brown, B.;
      Published Date:
      2016
      Source:
      Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 97(8), 1427-+.
      Series:
      CIRES (Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences)
      Description:
      With a goal of improving operational numerical weather prediction (NWP), the Developmental Testbed Center (DTC) has been working with operational centers, including, among others, the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP), National Oce...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 1001.70 KB]
    8. THE EARTH SYSTEM PREDICTION SUITE Toward a Coordinated US Modeling Capability
      Personal Author:
      Theurich, G.; DeLuca, C.; Campbell, T.; Liu, F.; Saint, K.; Vertenstein, M.; Chen, J.; Oehmke, R.; Doyle, J.; Whitcomb, T.; Wallcraft, A.; Iredell, M.; Black, T.; da Silva, A. M.; Clune, T.; Ferraro, R.; Li, P.; Kelley, M.; Aleinov, I.; Balaji, V.; Zadeh, N.; Jacob, R.; Kirtman, B.; Giraldo, F.; McCarren, D.; Sandgathe, S.; Peckham, S.; Dunlap, R.;
      Published Date:
      2016
      Source:
      Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 97(7), 1229-1247.
      Series:
      CIRES (Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences)
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 3.30 MB]
    9. What caused the recent "Warm Arctic, Cold Continents" trend pattern in winter temperatures?
      Personal Author:
      Sun, L.; Perlwitz, J.; Hoerling, M.;
      Published Date:
      2016
      Source:
      Geophysical Research Letters, 43(10), 5345-5352.
      Series:
      CIRES (Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences)
      Description:
      The emergence of rapid Arctic warming in recent decades has coincided with unusually cold winters over Northern Hemisphere continents. It has been speculated that this "Warm Arctic, Cold Continents" trend pattern is due to sea ice loss. Here we use m...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 2.72 MB]
    10. Impact of midnight thermosphere dynamics on the equatorial ionospheric vertical drifts
      Impact of midnight thermosphere dynamics on the equatorial ionospheric vertical drifts
      Personal Author:
      Fang, T. W.; Akmaev, R. A.; Stoneback, R. A.; Fuller-Rowell, T.; Wang, H.; Wu, F.;
      Published Date:
      2016
      Source:
      Journal of Geophysical Research-Space Physics, 121(5), 4858-4868.
      Series:
      CIRES (Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences)
      Description:
      Recent satellite and ground-based observations have revealed the existence of upward drifts in the postmidnight equatorial ionosphere (similar to 0-3LT). The phenomenon has not been explained by theoretical models. Simulations using the Whole Atmosph...
      File Type:
      Filetype[BIN - 82.39 KB]
    11. On computation of Hough functions
      Personal Author:
      Wang, H. J.; Boyd, J. P.; Akmaev, R. A.;
      Published Date:
      2016
      Source:
      Geoscientific Model Development, 9(4), 1477-1488.
      Series:
      CIRES (Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences)
      Description:
      Hough functions are the eigenfunctions of the Laplace tidal equation governing fluid motion on a rotating sphere with a resting basic state. Several numerical methods have been used in the past. In this paper, we compare two of those methods: normali...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 1.16 MB]
    12. Validation of an operational product to determine L1 to Earth propagation time delays
      Validation of an operational product to determine L1 to Earth propagation time delays
      Personal Author:
      Cash, M. D.; Hicks, S. W.; Biesecker, D. A.; Reinard, A. A.; de Koning, C. A.; Weimer, D. R.;
      Published Date:
      2016
      Source:
      Space Weather-the International Journal of Research and Applications, 14(2), 93-112.
      Series:
      CIRES (Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences)
      Description:
      We describe the development and validation of an operational space weather tool to forecast propagation delay times between L1 and Earth using the Weimer and King (2008) tilted phase front technique. A simple flat plane convection delay method is cur...
      File Type:
      Filetype[BIN - 90.39 KB]
    13. A multi-decade record of high-quality fCO(2) data in version 3 of the Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT)
      Personal Author:
      Bakker, D. C. E.; Pfeil, B.; Landa, C. S.; Metzl, N.; O'Brien, K. M.; Olsen, A.; Smith, K.; Cosca, C.; Harasawa, S.; Jones, S. D.; Nakaoka, S.; Nojiri, Y.; Schuster, U.; Steinhoff, T.; Sweeney, C.; Takahashi, T.; Tilbrook, B.; Wada, C.; Wanninkhof, R.; Alin, S. R.; Balestrini, C. F.; Barbero, L.; Bates, N. R.; Bianchi, A. A.; Bonou, F.; Boutin, J.; Bozec, Y.; Burger, E. F.; Cai, W. J.; Castle, R. D.; Chen, L. Q.; Chierici, M.; Currie, K.; Evans, W.; Featherstone, C.; Feely, R. A.; Fransson, A.; Goyet, C.; Greenwood, N.; Gregor, L.; Hankin, S.; Hardman-Mountford, N. J.; Harlay, J.; Hauck, J.; Hoppema, M.; Humphreys, M. P.; Hunt, C.; Huss, B.; Ibanhez, J. S. P.; Johannessen, T.; Keeling, R.; Kitidis, V.; Kortzinger, A.; Kozyr, A.; Krasakopoulou, E.; Kuwata, A.; Landschutzer, P.; Lauvset, S. K.; Lefevre, N.; Lo Monaco, C.; Manke, A.; Mathis, J. T.; Merlivat, L.; Millero, F. J.; Monteiro, P. M. S.; Munro, D. R.; Murata, A.; Newberger, T.; Omar, A. M.; Ono, T.; Paterson, K.; Pearce, D.; Pierrot, D.; Robbins, L. L.; Saito, S.; Salisbury, J.; Schlitzer, R.; Schneider, B.; Schweitzer, R.; Sieger, R.; Skjelvan, I.; Sullivan, K. F.; Sutherland, S. C.; Sutton, A. J.; Tadokoro, K.; Telszewski, M.; Tuma, M.; van Heuven, S.; Vandemark, D.; Ward, B.; Watson, A. J.; Xu, S. Q.;
      Published Date:
      2016
      Source:
      Earth System Science Data, 8(2), 383-413.
      Series:
      CIRES (Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences)
      Description:
      The Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT) is a synthesis of quality-controlled fCO(2) (fugacity of carbon dioxide) values for the global surface oceans and coastal seas with regular updates. Version 3 of SOCAT has 14.7 million fCO(2) values from 3646 data ...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 1.46 MB]
    14. Highlatitude ionospheric conductivity variability in three dimensions
      High-latitude ionospheric conductivity variability in three dimensions
      Personal Author:
      McGranaghan, R.; Knipp, D. J.; Matsuo, T.;
      Published Date:
      2016
      Source:
      Geophysical Research Letters, 43(15), 7867-7877.
      Series:
      CIRES (Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences)
      Description:
      We perform the first ever global-scale, altitude-dependent analysis of polar ionospheric conductivity variability using spectrally resolved in situ satellite particle measurements. With an empirical orthogonal function analysis we identify three prim...
      File Type:
      Filetype[BIN - 83.37 KB]
    15. On the climate impacts of atolls in the central equatorial Pacific
      Personal Author:
      Karnauskas, K. B.; Johnson, G. C.; Murtugudde, R.;
      Published Date:
      2017
      Source:
      International Journal of Climatology, 37(1), 197-203.
      Series:
      CIRES (Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences)
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 5.86 MB]
    16. Mean spectral characteristics of acoustic gravity waves in the thermosphere-ionosphere determined from Dynasonde data
      Personal Author:
      Negrea, C.; Zabotin, N. A.;
      Published Date:
      2016
      Source:
      Radio Science, 51(3), 213-222.
      Series:
      CIRES (Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences)
      Description:
      Wave-like disturbances have been observed in the ionospheric plasma for several decades using a wide range of remote sensing techniques. In this paper, the use of Dynasonde-derived ionospheric tilt measurements is demonstrated to determine the domina...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 2.23 MB]
    17. Effect of data gaps: comparison of different spectral analysis methods
      Personal Author:
      Munteanu, C.; Negrea, C.; Echim, M.; Mursula, K.;
      Published Date:
      2016
      Source:
      Annales Geophysicae, 34(4), 437-449.
      Series:
      CIRES (Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences)
      Description:
      In this paper we investigate quantitatively the effect of data gaps for four methods of estimating the amplitude spectrum of a time series: fast Fourier transform (FFT), discrete Fourier transform (DFT), Z transform (ZTR) and the Lomb-Scargle algorit...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 6.29 MB]
    18. The relationships between insoluble precipitation residues, clouds, and precipitation over California's southern Sierra Nevada during winter storms
      Personal Author:
      Creamean, J. M.; White, A. B.; Minnis, P.; Palikonda, R.; Spangenberg, D. A.; Prather, K. A.;
      Published Date:
      2016
      Source:
      Atmospheric Environment, 140, 298-310.
      Series:
      CIRES (Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences)
      Description:
      Ice formation in orographic mixed -phase clouds can enhance precipitation and depends on the type of aerosols that serve as ice nucleating particles (INPs). The resulting precipitation from these clouds is a viable source of water, especially for reg...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 2.82 MB]
    19. The Radiative Forcing Model Intercomparison Project (RFMIP): experimental protocol for CMIP6
      Personal Author:
      Pincus, R.; Forster, P. M.; Stevens, B.;
      Published Date:
      2016
      Source:
      Geoscientific Model Development, 9(9), 3447-3460.
      Series:
      CIRES (Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences)
      Description:
      The phrasing of the first of three questions motivating CMIP6 - "How does the Earth system respond to forcing?" - suggests that forcing is always well-known, yet the radiative forcing to which this question refers has historically been uncertain in c...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 158.64 KB]
    20. Characterizing Recent Trends in U.S. Heavy Precipitation
      Personal Author:
      Hoerling, M.; Eischeid, J.; Perlwitz, J.; Quan, X. W.; Wolter, K.; Cheng, L. Y.;
      Published Date:
      2016
      Source:
      Journal of Climate, 29(7), 2313-2332.
      Series:
      CIRES (Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences)
      Description:
      Time series of U.S. daily heavy precipitation (95th percentile) are analyzed to determine factors responsible for regionality and seasonality in their 1979-2013 trends. For annual conditions, contiguous U.S. trends have been characterized by increase...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 9.93 MB]
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