| Winter Water Properties and the Chukchi Polynya - :13242 | Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research (OAR)
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Winter Water Properties and the Chukchi Polynya
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  • Personal Authors:
  • Description:
    Water properties from moored measurements (2010-2015) near Icy Cape on the eastern Chukchi shelf have been examined in relation to satellite observations of ice cover. Atlantic Water (AW), with temperature >-1 degrees C and salinity >33.6, has been observed to upwell from deeper than 200 m in the Arctic Basin onto the Chukchi Shelf via Barrow Canyon. Most previous observations of AW on the Chukchi shelf have been in or near Barrow Canyon; observations of AW farther onto the shelf are rare. Despite mooring location on the shelf similar to 225 km from the head of Barrow Canyon, five AW events have been observed at mooring C1 (70.8 degrees N, 163.2 degrees W) in 4 years of data. All but one of the events occurred under openings in the sea-ice cover (either a polynya or the ice edge). No events were observed during the winter of 2011/2012, a year with little polynya activity in the region. In addition to changes in temperature and salinity, the AW events are typically associated with southwestward winds and currents, changes in sea-ice cover, and increased nutrient concentrations in the bottom water. Estimates of heat content associated with the AW events suggest that the Chukchi Polynya can often be classified as a hybrid sensible heat/wind-driven polynya.

  • Document Type:
    Journal Article
  • Collection(s):
    Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research (OAR)
  • Funding:
    Grant No: NA10OAR4320148
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    1. Calculating surface ocean pCO(2) from biogeochemical Argo floats equipped with pH: An uncertainty analysis
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      Williams, N. L.; Juranek, L. W.; Feely, R. A.; Johnson, K. S.; Sarmiento, J. L.; Talley, L. D.; Dickson, A. G.; Gray, A. R.; Wanninkhof, R.; Russell, J. L.; Riser, S. C.; Takeshita, Y.;
      Published:
      2017
      Source:
      Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 31(3), 591-604.
      Series:
      JISAO (Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean)
      Description:
      More than 74 biogeochemical profiling floats that measure water column pH, oxygen, nitrate, fluorescence, and backscattering at 10 day intervals have been deployed throughout the Southern Ocean. Calculating the surface ocean partial pressure of carbo...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 1.50 MB]
    2. A model-based examination of multivariate physical modes in the Gulf of Alaska
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      Hermann, A. J.; Ladd, C.; Cheng, W.; Curchitser, E. N.; Hedstrom, K.;
      Published:
      2016
      Source:
      Deep-Sea Research Part Ii-Topical Studies in Oceanography, 132, 68-89.
      Series:
      JISAO (Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean)
      Description:
      We use multivariate output from a hydrodynamic model of the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) to explore the covariance among its physical state and air/sea fluxes. We attempt to summarize this coupled variability using a limited set of patterns, and examine thei...
      File Type:
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    3. Dependence of subsurface chlorophyll on seasonal water masses in the Chukchi Sea
      Personal Author:
      Martini, K. I.; Stabeno, P. J.; Ladd, C.; Winsor, P.; Weingartner, T. J.; Mordy, C. W.; Eisner, L. B.;
      Published:
      2016
      Source:
      Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans, 121(3), 1755-1770.
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      JISAO (Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean)
      Description:
      During the late summer, phytoplankton in the northeastern Chukchi Sea are typically found in subsurface layers. These layers and their sensitivity to local changes in hydrography and nutrient concentrations are characterized by combining data from a ...
      File Type:
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    4. Shipping-Container Impact Assessment for Tsunamis
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      2016
      Source:
      Journal of Waterway Port Coastal and Ocean Engineering, 142(5), 16.
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      JISAO (Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean)
      Description:
      During tsunami inundation, coastal structures are subject to hydrostatic and hydrodynamic forces from the run-up and rundown and to impact forces from floating debris that is picked up by the flow. A new chapter in the upcoming revised U.S. design lo...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 1.51 MB]
    5. Significant discharge of CO2 from hydrothermalism associated with the submarine volcano of El Hierro Island
      Personal Author:
      Santana-Casiano, J. M.; Fraile-Nuez, E.; Gonzalez-Davila, M.; Baker, E. T.; Resing, J. A.; Walker, S. L.;
      Published:
      2016
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      Scientific Reports, 6, 25686.
      Series:
      JISAO (Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean)
      Description:
      The residual hydrothermalism associated with submarine volcanoes, following an eruption event, plays an important role in the supply of CO2 to the ocean. The emitted CO2 increases the acidity of seawater. The submarine volcano of El Hierro, in its de...
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    6. Southeast Alaskan shelf from southern tip of Baranof Island to Kayak Island: Currents, mixing and chlorophyll-a
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      Stabeno, P. J.; Bond, N. A.; Kachel, N. B.; Ladd, C.; Mordy, C. W.; Strom, S. L.;
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      Deep-Sea Research Part Ii-Topical Studies in Oceanography, 132, 6-23.
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      JISAO (Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean)
      Description:
      During 2011 and 2013, an integrated,ecosystem study was undertaken on the Southeast Alaska shelf and slope. As part of that study, a total of 8 moorings were deployed each year along the coast of Baranof and Chichagof Islands, in Cross Sound and at I...
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    7. Linkages between mineralogy, fluid chemistry, and microbial communities within hydrothermal chimneys from the Endeavour Segment, Juan de Fuca Ridge
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      2016
      Source:
      Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems, 17(2), 300-323.
      Series:
      JISAO (Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean)
      Description:
      Rock and fluid samples were collected from three hydrothermal chimneys at the Endeavour Segment, Juan de Fuca Ridge to evaluate linkages among mineralogy, fluid chemistry, and microbial community composition within the chimneys. Mossbauer, midinfrare...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 3.25 MB]
    8. Causes of variability in light absorption by particles in snow at sites in Idaho and Utah
      Personal Author:
      Doherty, S. J.; Hegg, D. A.; Johnson, J. E.; Quinn, P. K.; Schwarz, J. P.; Dang, C.; Warren, S. G.;
      Published:
      2016
      Source:
      Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, 121(9), 4751-4768.
      Series:
      JISAO (Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean)
      Description:
      A characterization of black carbon (BC) and other light-absorbing particles in snow is presented for three mountain valley sites in Idaho in early 2014 and for one site near Vernal, Utah, in early 2013 and 2014. The focus of the study was on constrai...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 1.24 MB]
    9. Estimating Total Alkalinity in the Washington State Coastal Zone: Complexities and Surprising Utility for Ocean Acidification Research
      Personal Author:
      Fassbender, A. J.; Alin, S. R.; Feely, R. A.; Sutton, A. J.; Newton, J. A.; Byrne, R. H.;
      Published:
      2017
      Source:
      Estuaries and Coasts, 40(2), 404-418.
      Series:
      JISAO (Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean)
      Description:
      Evidence of ocean acidification (OA) throughout the global ocean has galvanized some coastal communities to evaluate carbonate chemistry variations closer to home. An impediment to doing this effectively is that, often, only one carbonate system para...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 2.63 MB]
    10. A preliminary 1-D model investigation of tidal variations of temperature and chlorinity at the Grotto mound, Endeavour Segment, Juan de Fuca Ridge
      Personal Author:
      Xu, G.; Larson, B. I.; Bemis, K. G.; Lilley, M. D.;
      Published:
      2017
      Source:
      Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems, 18(1), 75-92.
      Series:
      JISAO (Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean)
      Description:
      Tidal oscillations of venting temperature and chlorinity have been observed in the long-term time series data recorded by the Benthic and Resistivity Sensors (BARS) at the Grotto mound on the Juan de Fuca Ridge. In this study, we use a one-dimensiona...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 3.78 MB]
    11. Long-term observations of Alaska Coastal Current in the northern Gulf of Alaska
      Personal Author:
      Stabeno, P. J.; Bell, S.; Cheng, W.; Danielson, S.; Kachel, N. B.; Mordy, C. W.;
      Published:
      2016
      Source:
      Deep-Sea Research Part Ii-Topical Studies in Oceanography, 132, 24-40.
      Series:
      JISAO (Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean)
      Description:
      The Alaska Coastal Current is a continuous, well-defined system extending for 1700 km along the coast of Alaska from Seward, Alaska to Samalga Pass in the Aleutian Islands. The currents in this region are examined using data-collected at > 20 mooring...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 8.92 MB]
    12. Hydrothermal plume mapping as a prospecting tool for seafloor sulfide deposits: a case study at the Zouyu-1 and Zouyu-2 hydrothermal fields in the southern Mid-Atlantic Ridge
      Personal Author:
      Tao, C. H.; Chen, S.; Baker, E. T.; Li, H. M.; Liang, J.; Liao, S. L.; Chen, Y. J.; Deng, X. M.; Zhang, G. Y.; Gu, C. H.; Wu, J. L.;
      Published:
      2017
      Source:
      Marine Geophysical Research, 38(1-2), 3-16.
      Series:
      JISAO (Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean)
      Description:
      Seafloor hydrothermal polymetallic sulfide deposits are a new type of resource, with great potential economic value and good prospect development. This paper discusses turbidity, oxidation-reduction potential, and temperature anomalies of hydrotherma...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 1.06 MB]
    13. Gap winds and their effects on regional oceanography Part II: Kodiak Island, Alaska
      Personal Author:
      Ladd, C.; Cheng, W.; Salo, S.;
      Published:
      2016
      Source:
      Deep-Sea Research Part Ii-Topical Studies in Oceanography, 132, 54-67.
      Series:
      JISAO (Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean)
      Description:
      Frequent gap winds, defined here as offshore-directed flow channeled through mountain gaps, have been observed near Kodiak Island in the Gulf of Alaska (GOA). Gap winds from the Iliamna Lake gap were investigated using QuikSCAT wind data. The influen...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 7.22 MB]
    14. A dissolved cobalt plume in the oxygen minimum zone of the eastern tropical South Pacific
      Personal Author:
      Hawco, N. J.; Ohnemus, D. C.; Resing, J. A.; Twining, B. S.; Saito, M. A.;
      Published:
      2016
      Source:
      Biogeosciences, 13(20), 5697-5717.
      Series:
      JISAO (Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean)
      Description:
      Cobalt is a nutrient to phytoplankton, but knowledge about its biogeochemical cycling is limited, especially in the Pacific Ocean. Here, we report sections of dissolved cobalt and labile dissolved cobalt from the US GEOTRACES GP16 transect in the Sou...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 4.39 MB]
    15. Locally interpolated alkalinity regression for global alkalinity estimation
      Personal Author:
      Carter, B. R.; Williams, N. L.; Gray, A. R.; Feely, R. A.;
      Published:
      2016
      Source:
      Limnology and Oceanography-Methods, 14(4), 268-277.
      Series:
      JISAO (Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean)
      Description:
      We introduce methods and software for estimating total seawater alkalinity from salinity and any combination of up to four other parameters (potential temperature, apparent oxygen utilization, total dissolved nitrate, and total silicate). The methods...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 524.79 KB]
    16. Coupled ocean-atmosphere loss of marine refractory dissolved organic carbon
      Personal Author:
      Kieber, D. J.; Keene, W. C.; Frossard, A. A.; Long, M. S.; Maben, J. R.; Russell, L. M.; Kinsey, J. D.; Tyssebotn, I. M. B.; Quinn, P. K.; Bates, T. S.;
      Published:
      2016
      Source:
      Geophysical Research Letters, 43(6), 2765-2772.
      Series:
      JISAO (Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean)
      Description:
      The oceans hold a massive quantity of organic carbon, nearly all of which is dissolved and more than 95% is refractory, cycling through the oceans several times before complete removal. The vast reservoir of refractory dissolved organic carbon (RDOC)...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 338.63 KB]
    17. Hydrogen Limitation and Syntrophic Growth among Natural Assemblages of Thermophilic Methanogens at Deep-sea Hydrothermal Vents
      Personal Author:
      Topcuoglu, B. D.; Stewart, L. C.; Morrison, H. G.; Butterfield, D. A.; Huber, J. A.; Holden, J. F.;
      Published:
      2016
      Source:
      Frontiers in Microbiology, 7, 12.
      Series:
      JISAO (Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean)
      Description:
      Thermophilic methanogens are common autotrophs at hydrothermal vents, but their growth constraints and dependence on H-2 syntrophy in situ are poorly understood. Between 2012 and 2015, methanogens and H2-producing heterotrophs were detected by growth...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 5.76 MB]
    18. Empirical algorithms to estimate water column pH in the Southern Ocean
      Personal Author:
      Williams, N. L.; Juranek, L. W.; Johnson, K. S.; Feely, R. A.; Riser, S. C.; Talley, L. D.; Russell, J. L.; Sarmiento, J. L.; Wanninkhof, R.;
      Published:
      2016
      Source:
      Geophysical Research Letters, 43(7), 3415-3422.
      Series:
      JISAO (Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean)
      Description:
      Empirical algorithms are developed using high-quality GO-SHIP hydrographic measurements of commonly measured parameters (temperature, salinity, pressure, nitrate, and oxygen) that estimate pH in the Pacific sector of the Southern Ocean. The coefficie...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 674.01 KB]
    19. Mooring observations of equatorial currents in the upper 1000 m of the western Pacific Ocean during 2014
      Personal Author:
      Wang, F.; Wang, J. N.; Guan, C.; Ma, Q.; Zhang, D. X.;
      Published:
      2016
      Source:
      Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans, 121(6), 3730-3740.
      Series:
      JISAO (Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean)
      Description:
      Time-depth variations of the equatorial currents over the upper 1000 m depth in the western Pacific Ocean were directly measured by acoustic Doppler current profiler moorings at 2 degrees N, 140 degrees E and 4.7 degrees N, 140 degrees E during Janua...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 5.62 MB]
    20. Middepth decadal warming and freshening in the South Atlantic
      Personal Author:
      Giglio, D.; Johnson, G. C.;
      Published:
      2017
      Source:
      Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans, 122(2), 973-979.
      Series:
      JISAO (Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean)
      Description:
      South Atlantic Ocean middepth water property (temperature, salinity, oxygen, nutrients, etc.) distributions are set by salty, well-ventilated, and relatively nutrient-poor North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) spreading southward toward the Southern Ocean...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 5.05 MB]
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