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Shipping-Container Impact Assessment for Tsunamis
  • Published Date:
    2016
  • Source:
    Journal of Waterway Port Coastal and Ocean Engineering, 142(5), 16.
Filetype[PDF-1.51 MB]


Details:
  • Personal Author:
  • Description:
    During tsunami inundation, coastal structures are subject to hydrostatic and hydrodynamic forces from the run-up and rundown and to impact forces from floating debris that is picked up by the flow. A new chapter in the upcoming revised U.S. design load standard covers these loads. To illustrate the application of this methodology for impact loading, it is applied to the determination of shipping-container impact loads for locations in Hilo, Hawaii. The steps include identification of the tsunami design zone, computation of the shipping-container impact hazard region, and computation of the design flow velocity and depth within that region. The flow velocity is used to determine the design impact force for the structure, and the depth is used to define up to what height impact must be considered. The standard provides a new, relatively simple energy grade line method that can be used to obtain estimates of these quantities. Because the method has not been widely validated within the archival literature, the results of the method are compared with results from a two-dimensional tsunami-inundation simulation. A simple extension that can improve the results of the energy grade line is proposed. This paper is meant to provide a reference for those applying these provisions in practice and to indicate areas for improvement.
  • DOI:
    https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)WW.1943-5460.0000348
  • Document Type:
    Journal Article
  • Funding:
    Grant no. NA10OAR430148
  • Collection(s):
    NOAA Cooperative Institutes
    Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research (OAR)
  • Main Document Checksum:
  • Supporting Files:
    No Additional Files
    1. Causes of variability in light absorption by particles in snow at sites in Idaho and Utah
      Personal Author:
      Doherty, S. J.; Hegg, D. A.; Johnson, J. E.; Quinn, P. K.; Schwarz, J. P.; Dang, C.; Warren, S. G.;
      Published Date:
      2016
      Source:
      Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, 121(9), 4751-4768.
      Series:
      JISAO (Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean)
      Description:
      A characterization of black carbon (BC) and other light-absorbing particles in snow is presented for three mountain valley sites in Idaho in early 2014 and for one site near Vernal, Utah, in early 2013 and 2014. The focus of the study was on constrai...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 1.24 MB]
    2. Calculating surface ocean pCO(2) from biogeochemical Argo floats equipped with pH: An uncertainty analysis
      Personal Author:
      Williams, N. L.; Juranek, L. W.; Feely, R. A.; Johnson, K. S.; Sarmiento, J. L.; Talley, L. D.; Dickson, A. G.; Gray, A. R.; Wanninkhof, R.; Russell, J. L.; Riser, S. C.; Takeshita, Y.;
      Published Date:
      2017
      Source:
      Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 31(3), 591-604.
      Description:
      More than 74 biogeochemical profiling floats that measure water column pH, oxygen, nitrate, fluorescence, and backscattering at 10 day intervals have been deployed throughout the Southern Ocean. Calculating the surface ocean partial pressure of carbo...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 1.50 MB]
    3. Estimating Total Alkalinity in the Washington State Coastal Zone: Complexities and Surprising Utility for Ocean Acidification Research
      Personal Author:
      Fassbender, A. J.; Alin, S. R.; Feely, R. A.; Sutton, A. J.; Newton, J. A.; Byrne, R. H.;
      Published Date:
      2017
      Source:
      Estuaries and Coasts, 40(2), 404-418.
      Description:
      Evidence of ocean acidification (OA) throughout the global ocean has galvanized some coastal communities to evaluate carbonate chemistry variations closer to home. An impediment to doing this effectively is that, often, only one carbonate system para...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 2.63 MB]
    4. Gap winds and their effects on regional oceanography Part I: Cross Sound, Alaska
      Personal Author:
      Ladd, C.; Cheng, W.;
      Published Date:
      2016
      Source:
      Deep-Sea Research Part Ii-Topical Studies in Oceanography, 132, 41-53.
      Description:
      Gap-wind events flowing from Cross Sound in the eastern Gulf of Alaska (GOA) were examined using QuikSCAT wind data. The average duration of an event is 3.6 days with the longest event recorded in the QuikSCAT dataset being 12 days. Daily offshore di...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 4.90 MB]
    5. Southeast Alaskan shelf from southern tip of Baranof Island to Kayak Island: Currents, mixing and chlorophyll-a
      Personal Author:
      Stabeno, P. J.; Bond, N. A.; Kachel, N. B.; Ladd, C.; Mordy, C. W.; Strom, S. L.;
      Published Date:
      2016
      Source:
      Deep-Sea Research Part Ii-Topical Studies in Oceanography, 132, 6-23.
      Description:
      During 2011 and 2013, an integrated,ecosystem study was undertaken on the Southeast Alaska shelf and slope. As part of that study, a total of 8 moorings were deployed each year along the coast of Baranof and Chichagof Islands, in Cross Sound and at I...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 9.79 MB]
    6. Empirical algorithms to estimate water column pH in the Southern Ocean
      Personal Author:
      Williams, N. L.; Juranek, L. W.; Johnson, K. S.; Feely, R. A.; Riser, S. C.; Talley, L. D.; Russell, J. L.; Sarmiento, J. L.; Wanninkhof, R.;
      Published Date:
      2016
      Source:
      Geophysical Research Letters, 43(7), 3415-3422.
      Description:
      Empirical algorithms are developed using high-quality GO-SHIP hydrographic measurements of commonly measured parameters (temperature, salinity, pressure, nitrate, and oxygen) that estimate pH in the Pacific sector of the Southern Ocean. The coefficie...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 674.01 KB]
    7. Using present-day observations to detect when anthropogenic change forces surface ocean carbonate chemistry outside preindustrial bounds
      Personal Author:
      Sutton, A. J.; Sabine, C. L.; Feely, R. A.; Cai, W. J.; Cronin, M. F.; McPhaden, M. J.; Morell, J. M.; Newton, J. A.; Noh, J. H.; Olafsdottir, S. R.; Salisbury, J. E.; Send, U.; Vandemark, D. C.; Weller, R. A.;
      Published Date:
      2016
      Source:
      Biogeosciences, 13(17), 5065-5083.
      Description:
      One of the major challenges to assessing the impact of ocean acidification on marine life is detecting and interpreting long-term change in the context of natural variability. This study addresses this need through a global synthesis of monthly pH an...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 2.19 MB]
    8. Hydrothermal plume mapping as a prospecting tool for seafloor sulfide deposits: a case study at the Zouyu-1 and Zouyu-2 hydrothermal fields in the southern Mid-Atlantic Ridge
      Personal Author:
      Tao, C. H.; Chen, S.; Baker, E. T.; Li, H. M.; Liang, J.; Liao, S. L.; Chen, Y. J.; Deng, X. M.; Zhang, G. Y.; Gu, C. H.; Wu, J. L.;
      Published Date:
      2017
      Source:
      Marine Geophysical Research, 38(1-2), 3-16.
      Description:
      Seafloor hydrothermal polymetallic sulfide deposits are a new type of resource, with great potential economic value and good prospect development. This paper discusses turbidity, oxidation-reduction potential, and temperature anomalies of hydrotherma...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 1.06 MB]
    9. Dependence of subsurface chlorophyll on seasonal water masses in the Chukchi Sea
      Personal Author:
      Martini, K. I.; Stabeno, P. J.; Ladd, C.; Winsor, P.; Weingartner, T. J.; Mordy, C. W.; Eisner, L. B.;
      Published Date:
      2016
      Source:
      Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans, 121(3), 1755-1770.
      Description:
      During the late summer, phytoplankton in the northeastern Chukchi Sea are typically found in subsurface layers. These layers and their sensitivity to local changes in hydrography and nutrient concentrations are characterized by combining data from a ...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 6.99 MB]
    10. A dissolved cobalt plume in the oxygen minimum zone of the eastern tropical South Pacific
      Personal Author:
      Hawco, N. J.; Ohnemus, D. C.; Resing, J. A.; Twining, B. S.; Saito, M. A.;
      Published Date:
      2016
      Source:
      Biogeosciences, 13(20), 5697-5717.
      Description:
      Cobalt is a nutrient to phytoplankton, but knowledge about its biogeochemical cycling is limited, especially in the Pacific Ocean. Here, we report sections of dissolved cobalt and labile dissolved cobalt from the US GEOTRACES GP16 transect in the Sou...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 4.39 MB]
    11. A model-based examination of multivariate physical modes in the Gulf of Alaska
      Personal Author:
      Hermann, A. J.; Ladd, C.; Cheng, W.; Curchitser, E. N.; Hedstrom, K.;
      Published Date:
      2016
      Source:
      Deep-Sea Research Part Ii-Topical Studies in Oceanography, 132, 68-89.
      Description:
      We use multivariate output from a hydrodynamic model of the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) to explore the covariance among its physical state and air/sea fluxes. We attempt to summarize this coupled variability using a limited set of patterns, and examine thei...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 13.27 MB]
    12. A preliminary 1-D model investigation of tidal variations of temperature and chlorinity at the Grotto mound, Endeavour Segment, Juan de Fuca Ridge
      Personal Author:
      Xu, G.; Larson, B. I.; Bemis, K. G.; Lilley, M. D.;
      Published Date:
      2017
      Source:
      Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems, 18(1), 75-92.
      Description:
      Tidal oscillations of venting temperature and chlorinity have been observed in the long-term time series data recorded by the Benthic and Resistivity Sensors (BARS) at the Grotto mound on the Juan de Fuca Ridge. In this study, we use a one-dimensiona...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 3.78 MB]
    13. Long-term observations of Alaska Coastal Current in the northern Gulf of Alaska
      Personal Author:
      Stabeno, P. J.; Bell, S.; Cheng, W.; Danielson, S.; Kachel, N. B.; Mordy, C. W.;
      Published Date:
      2016
      Source:
      Deep-Sea Research Part Ii-Topical Studies in Oceanography, 132, 24-40.
      Description:
      The Alaska Coastal Current is a continuous, well-defined system extending for 1700 km along the coast of Alaska from Seward, Alaska to Samalga Pass in the Aleutian Islands. The currents in this region are examined using data-collected at > 20 mooring...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 8.92 MB]
    14. Gap winds and their effects on regional oceanography Part II: Kodiak Island, Alaska
      Personal Author:
      Ladd, C.; Cheng, W.; Salo, S.;
      Published Date:
      2016
      Source:
      Deep-Sea Research Part Ii-Topical Studies in Oceanography, 132, 54-67.
      Description:
      Frequent gap winds, defined here as offshore-directed flow channeled through mountain gaps, have been observed near Kodiak Island in the Gulf of Alaska (GOA). Gap winds from the Iliamna Lake gap were investigated using QuikSCAT wind data. The influen...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 7.22 MB]
    15. Hydrogen Limitation and Syntrophic Growth among Natural Assemblages of Thermophilic Methanogens at Deep-sea Hydrothermal Vents
      Personal Author:
      Topcuoglu, B. D.; Stewart, L. C.; Morrison, H. G.; Butterfield, D. A.; Huber, J. A.; Holden, J. F.;
      Published Date:
      2016
      Source:
      Frontiers in Microbiology, 7, 12.
      Description:
      Thermophilic methanogens are common autotrophs at hydrothermal vents, but their growth constraints and dependence on H-2 syntrophy in situ are poorly understood. Between 2012 and 2015, methanogens and H2-producing heterotrophs were detected by growth...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 5.76 MB]
    16. Locally interpolated alkalinity regression for global alkalinity estimation
      Personal Author:
      Carter, B. R.; Williams, N. L.; Gray, A. R.; Feely, R. A.;
      Published Date:
      2016
      Source:
      Limnology and Oceanography-Methods, 14(4), 268-277.
      Description:
      We introduce methods and software for estimating total seawater alkalinity from salinity and any combination of up to four other parameters (potential temperature, apparent oxygen utilization, total dissolved nitrate, and total silicate). The methods...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 524.79 KB]
    17. Coupled ocean-atmosphere loss of marine refractory dissolved organic carbon
      Personal Author:
      Kieber, D. J.; Keene, W. C.; Frossard, A. A.; Long, M. S.; Maben, J. R.; Russell, L. M.; Kinsey, J. D.; Tyssebotn, I. M. B.; Quinn, P. K.; Bates, T. S.;
      Published Date:
      2016
      Source:
      Geophysical Research Letters, 43(6), 2765-2772.
      Description:
      The oceans hold a massive quantity of organic carbon, nearly all of which is dissolved and more than 95% is refractory, cycling through the oceans several times before complete removal. The vast reservoir of refractory dissolved organic carbon (RDOC)...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 338.63 KB]
    18. Linkages between mineralogy, fluid chemistry, and microbial communities within hydrothermal chimneys from the Endeavour Segment, Juan de Fuca Ridge
      Personal Author:
      Lin, T. J.; Ver Eecke, H. C.; Breves, E. A.; Dyar, M. D.; Jamieson, J. W.; Hannington, M. D.; Dahle, H.; Bishop, J. L.; Lane, M. D.; Butterfield, D. A.; Kelley, D. S.; Lilley, M. D.; Baross, J. A.; Holden, J. F.;
      Published Date:
      2016
      Source:
      Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems, 17(2), 300-323.
      Description:
      Rock and fluid samples were collected from three hydrothermal chimneys at the Endeavour Segment, Juan de Fuca Ridge to evaluate linkages among mineralogy, fluid chemistry, and microbial community composition within the chimneys. Mossbauer, midinfrare...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 3.25 MB]
    19. Middepth decadal warming and freshening in the South Atlantic
      Personal Author:
      Giglio, D.; Johnson, G. C.;
      Published Date:
      2017
      Source:
      Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans, 122(2), 973-979.
      Description:
      South Atlantic Ocean middepth water property (temperature, salinity, oxygen, nutrients, etc.) distributions are set by salty, well-ventilated, and relatively nutrient-poor North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) spreading southward toward the Southern Ocean...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 5.05 MB]
    20. Mooring observations of equatorial currents in the upper 1000 m of the western Pacific Ocean during 2014
      Personal Author:
      Wang, F.; Wang, J. N.; Guan, C.; Ma, Q.; Zhang, D. X.;
      Published Date:
      2016
      Source:
      Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans, 121(6), 3730-3740.
      Description:
      Time-depth variations of the equatorial currents over the upper 1000 m depth in the western Pacific Ocean were directly measured by acoustic Doppler current profiler moorings at 2 degrees N, 140 degrees E and 4.7 degrees N, 140 degrees E during Janua...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 5.62 MB]
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