Linking Atmospheric River Hydrological Impacts on the U.S. West Coast to Rossby Wave Breaking

Hu, Huancui; Dominguez, Francina; Wang, Zhuo; Lavers, David A.; Zhang, Gan; Ralph, F. Martin

doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0386.1

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Linking Atmospheric River Hydrological Impacts on the U.S. West Coast to Rossby Wave Breaking

2017
By Hu, Huancui ; Dominguez, Francina ; Wang, Zhuo ; ...
Source: Journal of Climate, 30(9), 3381-3399.

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Journal Title:

Journal of Climate
Personal Author:

Hu, Huancui ; Dominguez, Francina ; Wang, Zhuo ; Lavers, David A. ; Zhang, Gan ; ... More +

Hu, Huancui ; Dominguez, Francina ; Wang, Zhuo ; Lavers, David A. ; Zhang, Gan ; Ralph, F. Martin Less -
Corporate Authors:

United States. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research ; Modeling, Analysis, Predictions, and Projections Program (U.S.)

United States. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research ; Modeling, Analysis, Predictions, and Projections Program (U.S.) Less -
NOAA Program & Office:

OAR (Oceanic and Atmospheric Research) ; CPO (Climate Program Office)

OAR (Oceanic and Atmospheric Research) ; CPO (Climate Program Office) Less -
Description:

Atmospheric rivers (ARs) have significant hydrometeorological impacts on the U.S. West Coast. This study presents the connection between the characteristics of large-scale Rossby wave breaking (RWB) over the eastern North Pacific and the regional-scale hydrological impacts associated with landfalling ARs on the U.S. West Coast (36°–49°N). ARs associated with RWB account for two-thirds of the landfalling AR events and >70% of total AR-precipitation in the winter season. The two regimes of RWB—anticyclonic wave breaking (AWB) and cyclonic wave breaking (CWB)—are associated with different directions of the vertically integrated water vapor transport (IVT). AWB-ARs impinge in a more westerly direction on the coast whereas CWB-ARs impinge in a more southwesterly direction.

Most of the landfalling ARs along the northwestern coast of the United States (states of Washington and Oregon) are AWB-ARs. Because of their westerly impinging angles when compared to CWB-ARs, AWB-ARs arrive more orthogonally to the western Cascades and more efficiently transform water vapor into precipitation through orographic lift than CWB-ARs. Consequently, AWB-ARs are associated with the most extreme streamflows in the region.

Along the southwest coast of the United States (California), the southwesterly impinging angles of CWB-ARs are more orthogonal to the local topography. Furthermore, the southwest coast CWB-ARs have more intense IVT. Consequently, CWB-ARs are associated with the most intense precipitation. As a result, most of the extreme streamflows in southwest coastal basins are associated with CWB-ARs. In summary, depending on the associated RWB type, ARs impinge on the local topography at a different angle and have a different spatial signature of precipitation and streamflow.
Keywords:

[+]

Hydrometeorology Mountains Water Vapor, Atmospheric Mass Fluxes Orographic Effects Transport Wave Breaking
Source:

Journal of Climate, 30(9), 3381-3399.
DOI:

https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0386.1
Document Type:

Journal Article
Funding:

Grant no. NA16OAR4310080 ; Grant no. NA15NWS4680007

Grant no. NA16OAR4310080 ; Grant no. NA15NWS4680007 Less -
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urn:sha256:18697c033f5ef0635d1fdc2f531c6ea2903dc707e017baacf8a9be19dc310124
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https://repository.library.noaa.gov/view/noaa/28401/noaa_28401_DS1.pdf
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Linking Atmospheric River Hydrological Impacts on the U.S. West Coast to Rossby Wave Breaking

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