State of the Climate in 2015
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State of the Climate in 2015
  • Published Date:

    2016

  • Source:
    Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 97(8), Si-S275.
  • Series:
    State of the Climate
Filetype[PDF-17.38 MB]


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State of the Climate in 2015
Details:
  • Personal Author:
  • NOAA Program & Office:
    NESDIS (National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service)
  • Description:
    In 2015, the dominant greenhouse gases released into Earth’s atmosphere—carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide—all continued to reach new high levels. At Mauna Loa, Hawaii, the annual CO2 concentration increased by a record 3.1 ppm, exceeding 400 ppm for the first time on record. The 2015 global CO2 average neared this threshold, at 399.4 ppm. Additionally, one of the strongest El Niño events since at least 1950 developed in spring 2015 and continued to evolve through the year. The phenomenon was far reaching, impacting many regions across the globe and affecting most aspects of the climate system. Owing to the combination of El Niño and a long-term upward trend, Earth observed record warmth for the second consecutive year, with the 2015 annual global surface temperature surpassing the previous record by more than 0.1°C and exceeding the average for the mid- to late 19th century—commonly considered representative of preindustrial conditions—by more than 1°C for the first time. Above Earth’s surface, lower troposphere temperatures were near-record high.
  • Keywords:
  • DOI:
    https://doi.org/10.1175/2016BAMSStateoftheClimate.1
  • Document Type:
    Journal Article
  • Rights Information:
    Other
  • Main Document Checksum:
  • File Type:
  • Supporting Files:
    No Additional Files
    1. Personal Author:
      Arndt, D. S. ; Blunden, J. ; ...
      Published Date:
      2017
      Source:
      Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 98(8), Si-S280.
      Series:
      State of the Climate
      Description:
      In 2016, the dominant greenhouse gases released into Earth’s atmosphere—carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide— continued to increase and re...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 38.13 MB]
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 38.13 MB]
    2. Personal Author:
      Achberger, C. ; Ackerman, S. A. ; ...
      Published Date:
      2012
      Source:
      Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 93(7), S1-S282.
      Series:
      State of the Climate
      Description:
      Large-scale climate patterns influenced temperature and weather patterns around the globe in 2011. In particular, a moderate-to-strong La Niña at the...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 15.52 MB]
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 15.52 MB]
    3. Personal Author:
      Achberger, C. ; Ackerman, S. A. ; ...
      Published Date:
      2011
      Source:
      Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 92(6), S1-S236.
      Series:
      State of the Climate
      Description:
      Several large-scale climate patterns influenced climate conditions and weather patterns across the globe during 2010. The transition from a warm El Ni...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 8.81 MB]
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 8.81 MB]
    4. Personal Author:
      Halpert, M. S. ; Bell, G. D. ; ...
      Published Date:
      1996
      Source:
      Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 77(5s), S1-S44.
      Series:
      State of the Climate
      Description:
      The El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon is a major contributor to the observed year-to-year variability in the Pacific Ocean and in the glo...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 31.68 MB]
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 31.68 MB]
    5. Personal Author:
      Arndt, D. S. ; Blunden, J. ; ...
      Published Date:
      2015
      Source:
      Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 96(7), ES1-ES32.
      Series:
      State of the Climate
      Description:
      Most of the dozens of essential climate variables monitored each year in this report continued to follow their long-term trends in 2014, with several ...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 16.88 MB]
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 16.88 MB]
    6. Personal Author:
      Blunden, J. ; Arndt, D. S. ; ...
      Published Date:
      2014
      Source:
      Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 95(7), S1-S279.
      Series:
      State of the Climate
      Description:
      In 2013, the vast majority of the monitored climate variables reported here maintained trends established in recent decades. ENSO was in a neutral sta...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 42.64 MB]
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 42.64 MB]
    7. Personal Author:
      Bell, G. D. ; Halpert, M. S. ;
      Published Date:
      1998
      Source:
      Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 79(5s), S1-S50.
      Series:
      State of the Climate
      Description:
      The global climate during 1997 was affected by both extremes of the El NiÒoñSouthern Oscillation (ENSO), with weak Pacific cold episode conditions p...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 9.54 MB]
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 9.54 MB]
    8. Personal Author:
      Bell, G. D. ; Halpert, M. S. ; ...
      Published Date:
      1999
      Source:
      Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 80(5s)
      Series:
      State of the Climate
      Description:
      The global climate during 1998 was affected by opposite extremes of the ENSO cycle, with one of the strongest Pacific warm episodes (El Niño) in the ...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 8.31 MB]
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 8.31 MB]
    9. Personal Author:
      Halpert, M. S. ; Bell, G. D. ;
      Published Date:
      1997
      Source:
      Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 78(5s), S1-S50.
      Series:
      State of the Climate
      Description:
      The climate of 1996 can be characterized by several phenomena that reflect substantial deviations from the mean state of the atmosphere persisting fro...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 8.44 MB]
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 8.44 MB]
    10. Personal Author:
      Blunden, J. ; Arndt, D. S. ; ...
      Published Date:
      2013
      Source:
      Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 94(8), S1-S258
      Series:
      State of the Climate
      Description:
      For the first time in several years, the El Nino-Southern Oscillation did not dominate regional climate conditions around the globe. A weak La Niña d...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 34.80 MB]
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 34.80 MB]
    11. Personal Author:
      Baringer, M. O. ; Arndt, D. S. ; ...
      Published Date:
      2010
      Source:
      Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 91(7), s1-s222.
      Series:
      State of the Climate
      Description:
      The year was characterized by a transition from a waning La Niña to a strengthening El Niño, which first developed in June. By December, SSTs were m...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 13.31 MB]
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 13.31 MB]
    12. Personal Author:
      Levinson, D. H.
      Published Date:
      2005
      Source:
      Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 86(6s), 1-86.
      Series:
      State of the Climate
      Description:
      From a global perspective, the annual average surface temperature in 2004 was the fourth highest value observed since regular instrumental records beg...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 4.42 MB]
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 4.42 MB]
    13. Personal Author:
      Peterson, T. C. ; Baringer, M. O. ; ...
      Published Date:
      2009
      Source:
      Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 90(8), S1-S196.
      Series:
      State of the Climate
      Description:
      The global mean temperature in 2008 was slightly cooler than that in 2007; however, it still ranks within the 10 warmest years on record. Annual mean ...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 64.42 MB]
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 64.42 MB]
    14. Personal Author:
      Levinson, D. H. ; Lawrimore, J. H. ;
      Published Date:
      2008
      Series:
      State of the Climate
      Description:
      The combined land and ocean surface temperature in 2007 fell within the 10 highest on record, while the average land temperature was the warmest since...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 25.35 MB]
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 25.35 MB]
    15. Personal Author:
      Bell, G. D. ; Halpert, M. S. ; ...
      Published Date:
      2000
      Source:
      Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 81(6), S1-S50.
      Series:
      State of the Climate
      Description:
      The global climate during 1999 was impacted by Pacific cold episode (La Niña) conditions throughout the year, which resulted in regional precipitatio...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 2.38 MB]
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 2.38 MB]
    16. Personal Author:
      Alexander, L. V. ; Parker, D. E. ; ...
      Published Date:
      2004
      Source:
      Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 85(6s), S1-S72.
      Series:
      State of the Climate
      Description:
      The earth’s climate was influenced by a moderate El Niño in the tropical Pacific Ocean at the beginning of 2003. This ENSO warm event developed dur...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 6.44 MB]
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 6.44 MB]
    17. Personal Author:
      Waple, A. M. ; Lawrimore, J. H. ;
      Published Date:
      2003
      Source:
      Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 84(6), S1-S68.
      Series:
      State of the Climate
      Description:
      Neutral ENSO conditions at the beginning of 2002 gave way to a strengthening El Niño episode during boreal summer. Weather patterns in many areas of ...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 16.56 MB]
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 16.56 MB]
    18. Personal Author:
      Waple, A. M. ; Lawrimore, J. H. ; ...
      Published Date:
      2002
      Source:
      Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 83(6), S1-S62.
      Series:
      State of the Climate
      Description:
      Global temperatures in 2001 were 0.51°C (0.92°F) above the long-term (1880–2000) average, which places 2001 as the second warmest year in the 122-...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 10.62 MB]
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 10.62 MB]
    19. Personal Author:
      Lawrimore, J. H. ; Halpert, M. S. ; ...
      Published Date:
      2001
      Source:
      Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 82(6s), S1-S56.
      Series:
      State of the Climate
      Description:
      The global climate in 2000 was again influenced by the long-running Pacific cold episode (La Niña) that began in mid-1998. Consistent with past cold ...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 11.57 MB]
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 11.57 MB]
    20. Personal Author:
      Shein, K. A. ; Waple, A. M. ; ...
      Published Date:
      2006
      Source:
      Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 87(6), 801-806.
      Series:
      State of the Climate
      Description:
      The State of the Climate 2005 report summarizes global and regional climate conditions and places them, where possible, into the context of historical...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 77.13 MB]
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 77.13 MB]

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