Severe Convective Storms across Europe and the United States. Part II: ERA5 Environments Associated with Lightning, Large Hail, Severe Wind, and Tornadoes

Taszarek, Mateusz; Allen, John T.; Púčik, Tomáš; Hoogewind, Kimberly A.; Brooks, Harold E.

doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-20-0346.1

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The NOAA IR serves as an archival repository of NOAA-published products including scientific findings, journal articles, guidelines, recommendations, or other information authored or co-authored by NOAA or funded partners. As a repository, the NOAA IR retains documents in their original published format to ensure public access to scientific information.

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Severe Convective Storms across Europe and the United States. Part II: ERA5 Environments Associated with Lightning, Large Hail, Severe Wind, and Tornadoes

2020
By Taszarek, Mateusz ; Allen, John T. ; Púčik, Tomáš ; ...
Source: Journal of Climate, 33(23), 10263-10286

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Journal Title:

Journal of Climate
Personal Author:

Taszarek, Mateusz ; Allen, John T. ; Púčik, Tomáš ; Hoogewind, Kimberly A. ; Brooks, Harold E.

Taszarek, Mateusz ; Allen, John T. ; Púčik, Tomáš ; Hoogewind, Kimberly A. ; Brooks, Harold E. Less -
NOAA Program & Office:

CIMMS (Cooperative Institute for Mesoscale Meteorological Studies) ; OAR (Oceanic and Atmospheric Research) ; NSSL (National Severe Storms Laboratory)

CIMMS (Cooperative Institute for Mesoscale Meteorological Studies) ; OAR (Oceanic and Atmospheric Research) ; NSSL (National Severe Storms Laboratory) Less -
Description:

In this study we investigate convective environments and their corresponding climatological features over Europe and the United States. For this purpose, National Lightning Detection Network (NLDN) and Arrival Time Difference long-range lightning detection network (ATDnet) data, ERA5 hybrid-sigma levels, and severe weather reports from the European Severe Weather Database (ESWD) and Storm Prediction Center (SPC) Storm Data were combined on a common grid of 0.25° and 1-h steps over the period 1979–2018. The severity of convective hazards increases with increasing instability and wind shear (WMAXSHEAR), but climatological aspects of these features differ over both domains. Environments over the United States are characterized by higher moisture, CAPE, CIN, wind shear, and midtropospheric lapse rates. Conversely, 0–3-km CAPE and low-level lapse rates are higher over Europe. From the climatological perspective severe thunderstorm environments (hours) are around 3–4 times more frequent over the United States with peaks across the Great Plains, Midwest, and Southeast. Over Europe severe environments are the most common over the south with local maxima in northern Italy. Despite having lower CAPE (tail distribution of 3000–4000 J kg−1 compared to 6000–8000 J kg−1 over the United States), thunderstorms over Europe have a higher probability for convective initiation given a favorable environment. Conversely, the lowest probability for initiation is observed over the Great Plains, but, once a thunderstorm develops, the probability that it will become severe is much higher compared to Europe. Prime conditions for severe thunderstorms over the United States are between April and June, typically from 1200 to 2200 central standard time (CST), while across Europe favorable environments are observed from June to August, usually between 1400 and 2100 UTC.
Keywords:

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CAPE Climatology Convective Storms Diurnal Effects Reanalysis Data Seasonal Cycle
Source:

Journal of Climate, 33(23), 10263-10286
DOI:

https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-20-0346.1
Document Type:

Journal Article
Rights Information:

CC BY
Compliance:

Submitted
Main Document Checksum:

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urn:sha256:6fd3ace3e0c91a7e7bc34865eeb4a96e753c56922625f00fa280d7dd658982c1
Download URL:

https://repository.library.noaa.gov/view/noaa/31691/noaa_31691_DS1.pdf
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Severe Convective Storms across Europe and the United States. Part II: ERA5 Environments Associated with Lightning, Large Hail, Severe Wind, and Tornadoes

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