The Arctic sea ice has a story to tell. It is a story of change and transformation on daily, seasonal, and decadal scales. It is a story of complex interactions and feedbacks, of processes that link the ice in myriad ways with the Arctic and global systems. It is a story that has been difficult to represent with numerical models. To better understand this story has been one of the primary objectives of the Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC). MOSAiC is a scientific odyssey centered on a yearlong expedition into the heart of the Arctic, to explore the story of the changing sea ice, to unravel the interdependent processes involved, and to reveal the implications of this change.
Richter-Menge, Jacqueline; Druckenmiller, Matthew L.; Thoman, Richard L.;
Corporate Authors:
United States. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research. University of Alaska Fairbanks. Institute of Northern Engineering. National Snow and Ice Data Center (U.S.). Alaska Center for Climate Assessment and Policy (U.S.). International Arctic Research Center.
Published Date:
2020
Series:
Arctic Report Card
Description:
First issued in 2006 to address the need for timelier communication of Arctic change to a broad audience, Arctic Report Card (ARC) 2020 marks the 15th anniversary of this annual, peer-reviewed publication. In recognition of this milestone, the ARC202...
United States. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research. University of Toronto. Department of Physics. Ilmatieteen laitos (Finland) / Finnish Meteorological Institute.
Published Date:
2020
Series:
Arctic Report Card
Description:
Snow covers the Arctic land surface (land areas north of 60° N) for up to 9 months each year, and influences the surface energy budget, ground thermal regime, and freshwater budget of the Arctic (Brown et al. 2017). Snow also interacts with vegetati...
United States. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research. Yale University. Colorado State University.
Published Date:
2020
Series:
Arctic Report Card
Description:
Summer sea surface temperatures (SST) in the Arctic Ocean are driven mainly by the amount of incoming solar radiation absorbed by the sea surface. Solar warming of the Arctic surface ocean is influenced by the distribution of sea ice (with greater wa...
United States. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research. Global Monitoring Laboratory (U.S.)
Published Date:
2020
Series:
Arctic Report Card
Description:
For almost half a century, some of the most important observations of the changing Arctic climate have been captured in a temporary structure at the northernmost tip of the United States. NOAA's Barrow Atmospheric Baseline Observatory (BRW) is locate...
United States. National Marine Fisheries Service. West Coast Region
Published Date:
2020
Series:
ESA Section 7 Consultation
Description:
Consultation on Implementation of the Pacific Fishery Management Council Salmon Fishery Management Plan in 2020 for Southern Resident Killer Whales and their Current and Proposed Critical Habitat
Frey, Karen E.; Comiso, J. C.; Cooper, L. W.; Grebmeier, J. M.; Stock, L. V.;
Corporate Authors:
United States. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research. Clark University (Worcester, Mass.). Graduate School of Geography. Goddard Space Flight Center. University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science. Chesapeake Bay ACE INC (Project).
Published Date:
2020
Series:
Arctic Report Card
Description:
Autotrophic single-celled algae living in sea ice (ice algae) and water column (phytoplankton) are the main primary producers in the Arctic Ocean. Through photosynthesis, they transform dissolved inorganic carbon into organic material. Consequently, ...
Frost, G. V.; Bhatt, U. S.; Epstein, H. E.; Myers-Smith, I.; Phoenix, G. K.; Berner, L. T.; Bjerke, J. W.; Forbes, B. C.; Goetz, S. J.; Kerby, J. T.; Macander, M. J.; Park, T.; Raynolds, M. K.; Tømmervik, H.; Walker, D. A.;
Corporate Authors:
United States. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research
Published Date:
2020
Series:
Arctic Report Card
Description:
The Arctic tundra biome occupies Earth's northernmost landmasses and forms a "wreath" of treeless vegetation that encircles the Arctic Ocean. Arctic tundra ecosystems are strongly influenced by warming air temperatures (Bjorkman et al. 2020), and thu...
Jones, B. M.; Irrgang, A. M.; Farquharson, L. M.; Lantuit, H.; Whalen, D.; Ogorodov, S.; Grigoriev, M.; Tweedie, C.; Gibbs, A. E.; Strzelecki, M. C.; Baranskaya, A.; Belova, N.; Sinitsyn, A.; Kroon, A.; Maslakov, A.; Vieira, G.; Grosse, G.; Overduin, P.; Nitze, I.; Maio, C.; Overbeck, J.; Bendixen, M.; Zagórski, P.; Romanovsky, V. E.;
Corporate Authors:
United States. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research
Published Date:
2020
Series:
Arctic Report Card
Description:
Permafrost coasts in the Arctic make up more than 30% of Earth's coastlines (Fig. 1; Lantuit et al. 2012) and they are sensitive to Arctic Ocean/permafrost-influenced land linkages (Nielsen et al. 2020). The changes currently taking place along these...
Ballinger, T. J.; Overland, J. E.; Wang, M.; Bhatt, U. S.; Hanna, E.; Hanssen-Bauer, I.; Kim, S. -J.; Thoman, R. L.; Walsh, J. E.;
Corporate Authors:
United States. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research. Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (U.S.). Cooperative Institute for Climate, Ocean, and Ecosystem Studies.
Published Date:
2020
Series:
Arctic Report Card
Description:
Surface air temperatures (SAT) represent one of the strongest indicators of Arctic change over the last 50 years (Box et al. 2019). While SAT patterns across the Arctic vary on a seasonal and annual basis, there has been a strong, positive trend towa...
Wolken, Gabriel J.; Wouters, B.; Sharp, M.; Andreassen, L. M.; Burgess, D.; Kohler, J.; Luks, B.;
Corporate Authors:
United States. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research. International Arctic Research Center. Alaska Science Center (U.S. : 2002- ).
Published Date:
2020
Series:
Arctic Report Card
Description:
Numerous glaciers and ice caps, in multiple climatic zones, occupy land areas in the Arctic outside Greenland. They exist where the rate of snow accumulation exceeds the rate of melt by atmospheric heat. Although their potential longer-term contribut...
United States. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research. Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (U.S.). Thayer School of Engineering. National Snow and Ice Data Center (U.S.). University of Colorado (Boulder campus). Alfred-Wegener-Institut für Polar- und Meeresforschung / Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research. Goddard Space Flight Center. Norsk polarinstitutt / Norwegian Polar Institute. University of Alaska Fairbanks. Geophysical Institute.
Published Date:
2020
Series:
Arctic Report Card
Description:
Arctic sea ice is an important part of the climate system. Its higher albedo reflects much of the incoming solar radiation during the summer, keeping the region cooler than an ice-free environment. The sea ice cover acts as a physical barrier between...
Thoman, Richard L.; Richter-Menge, Jacqueline; Druckenmiller, Matthew L.;
Corporate Authors:
Alaska Center for Climate Assessment and Policy (U.S.). International Arctic Research Center. University of Alaska Fairbanks. National Snow and Ice Data Center (U.S.). University of Colorado Boulder. United States. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research. Global Ocean Observing System. Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (U.S.). Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (U.S.). Cooperative Institute for Research in the Atmosphere (Fort Collins, Colo.).
Published Date:
2020
Series:
Arctic Report Card
Description:
The Arctic Report Card (ARC) provides an annual update on the state of the Arctic's climate and environment as well as highlights of Arctic science news of the past year. ARC2020 features 16 essays, 11 of which provide updates on a wide range of Arct...
Richter-Menge, Jacqueline; Druckenmiller, Matthew L.; Thoman, Richard L.;
Corporate Authors:
United States. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research. University of Alaska Fairbanks. Institute of Northern Engineering. National Snow and Ice Data Center (U.S.). Alaska Center for Climate Assessment and Policy (U.S.). International Arctic Research Center.
Published Date:
2020
Series:
Arctic Report Card
Description:
First issued in 2006 to address the need for timelier communication of Arctic change to a broad audience, Arctic Report Card (ARC) 2020 marks the 15th anniversary of this annual, peer-reviewed publication. In recognition of this milestone, the ARC202...
United States. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research. University of Toronto. Department of Physics. Ilmatieteen laitos (Finland) / Finnish Meteorological Institute.
Published Date:
2020
Series:
Arctic Report Card
Description:
Snow covers the Arctic land surface (land areas north of 60° N) for up to 9 months each year, and influences the surface energy budget, ground thermal regime, and freshwater budget of the Arctic (Brown et al. 2017). Snow also interacts with vegetati...
United States. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research. Yale University. Colorado State University.
Published Date:
2020
Series:
Arctic Report Card
Description:
Summer sea surface temperatures (SST) in the Arctic Ocean are driven mainly by the amount of incoming solar radiation absorbed by the sea surface. Solar warming of the Arctic surface ocean is influenced by the distribution of sea ice (with greater wa...
United States. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research. Global Monitoring Laboratory (U.S.)
Published Date:
2020
Series:
Arctic Report Card
Description:
For almost half a century, some of the most important observations of the changing Arctic climate have been captured in a temporary structure at the northernmost tip of the United States. NOAA's Barrow Atmospheric Baseline Observatory (BRW) is locate...
File Type:
[PDF - 908.75 KB]
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