The electrical conductivity of the ocean is a fundamental parameter in the electrodynamics of the Earth System. This parameter is involved in a number of applications ranging from the calibration of in situ ocean flow meters, through extensions of traditional induction studies, and into quite new opportunities involving the remote sensing of ocean flow and properties from space-borne magnetometers such as carried aboard the three satellites of the Swarm mission launched in 2013. Here, the first ocean conductivity data set calculated directly from observed temperature and salinity measurements is provided. These data describe the globally gridded, three-dimensional mean conductivity as well as seasonal variations, and the statistics of spatial and seasonal variations are shown. This “climatology” data set of ocean conductivity is offered as a standard reference similar to the ocean temperature and salinity climatologies that have long been available.
2015 | Mov Ecol. 2015 Oct 1;3:27. doi: 10.1186/s40462-015-0050-9
Description:
Background: Climate-driven environmental change in the North Pacific has been well documented, with marked effects on the habitat and foraging behavio...
The representation of the seasonal mean and interannual variability of the Indian summer monsoon rainfall (ISMR) in nine global ocean-atmosphere coupl...
Underwater imaging has long been used in the field of marine ecology but decreasing costs of high-resolution cameras and data storage have made the ap...
The global-mean surface temperature has experienced a rapid warming from the 1980s to early-2000s but a muted warming since, referred to as the global...
Plastic marine debris (PMD) affects spatial scales of life from microbes to whales. However, understanding interactions between plastic and microbes i...
2019 | Proceedings of Meetings on Acoustics, 37(1)
Description:
Approximately half of the north Pacific humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) population migrates from high latitude feeding grounds to Hawaii each ...
We present an extension of the Minimum Information about any (x) Sequence (MIxS) standard for reporting sequences of uncultivated virus genomes. Minim...
We report on the large-scale evolution of dipolarization in the near-Earth plasma sheet during an intense (AL ~ −1000 nT) substorm on August 10, 201...
Scientists and managers of natural resources have recognized an urgent need for improved methods and tools to enable effective adaptation of managemen...
2018 | Integr Environ Assess Manag. 2019 Jul; 15(4): 544–564.
Description:
Over the past century, the environment of the Gulf of Mexico has been significantly altered and impaired by extensive human activities. A national com...
Background: Regional National Weather Service (NWS) heat advisory criteria in New York State (NYS) were based on frequency of heat events estimated by...
Approximately 380,000 underway measurements of sea surface salinity, temperature, and carbon dioxide (CO2) in the Gulf of Mexico (GoM) were compiled f...
Systematic error and forecast skill for temperature and precipitation in two regions of Southern Asia are investigated using hindcasts initialized May...
The phylogeny of Cnidaria has been a source of debate for decades, during which nearly all-possible relationships among the major lineages have been p...
Secondary contact may have important implications for ecological and evolutionary processes; however, few studies have tracked the outcomes of seconda...
Poleward species range shifts have been predicted to result from climate change, and many observations have confirmed such movement. Poleward shifts m...
The streams draining of into San Francisco Bay, California, have been impacted by habitat alteration for over 150 years, and roads, dams, water divers...
2018 | Proc Biol Sci. 2018 Jan 10; 285(1870): 20171405.
Description:
Life-history traits such as spawning migrations and timing of reproduction are adaptations to specific environmental constraints and seasonal cycles i...
2018 | Proc Biol Sci. 2018 Jan 10;285(1870):20171899.
Description:
Where disease threatens endangered wildlife populations, substantial resources are required for management actions such as vaccination. While network ...
1973 | Sea Grant publication (Raleigh, N.C.) ; UNC-SG-73-16
Description:
To convert the specific conductance C(S, t, p) measured by an in situ CTD sensor to salinity in a manner consistent with the international standard re...
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