i
Offset Channels May Not Accurately Record Strike-Slip Fault Displacement: Evidence From Landscape Evolution Models
-
2019
Source: JGR Solid Earth (2019). 124(12): 13427-13451
Select the Download button to view the document
This document is over 5mb in size and cannot be previewed
Details:
-
Journal Title:Journal Of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth
-
Personal Author:
-
NOAA Program & Office:
-
Description:Slip distribution, slip rate, and slip per event for strike‐slip faults are commonly determined by correlating offset stream channels—under the assumption that they record seismic slip—but offset channels are formed by the interplay of tectonic and geomorphic processes. To constrain offset channel development under known tectonic and geomorphic conditions, we use numerical landscape evolution simulations along a theoretical strike‐slip fault with uniform and steady uplift, erosion, and diffusion. We investigate the influence of four tectonic parameters (fault zone width, earthquake recurrence interval, variance of the recurrence interval, and total slip relative to channel spacing) on offset channel development through multiple earthquake cycles. Analysis of >3,000 automatically measured offsets from >135 simulations suggests ~30% variability in individual measurements, but modeled displacement is recovered by averaging multiple measurements. However, the average of multiple offset measurements systematically underestimates modeled slip except when the fault zone is less than ~5 m wide, total slip is less than channel spacing, and offsets are measured shortly after an earthquake. In these simulations, postearthquake landscape evolution widens the geomorphic expression of the fault zone and modifies apparent channel offsets. We distinguish this “geomorphic fault zone” from the tectonic fault zone (zone of coseismic distributed deformation). This study highlights the capability of landscape evolution models to explore a range of conditions not easily defined in natural examples and the importance of averaging multiple measurements. Our results verify that paleoseismic studies must consider how geomorphic change has modified offset markers and use caution interpreting slip histories with multiple earthquakes.
-
Keywords:
-
Source:JGR Solid Earth (2019). 124(12): 13427-13451
-
Document Type:
-
Rights Information:Other
-
Compliance:Submitted
-
Main Document Checksum:urn:sha256:36551e946d355d2c927b56bcc97f6cb51e0cf63f476fde0af08d00f5646deb49
-
File Type:
Supporting Files
-
No Additional Files
More +
Related Documents
-
- File Format:
- RIS
- File Format:
- RIS
- File Format:
- RIS
- File Format:
- RIS
- File Format:
- RIS
- File Format:
- RIS
- File Format:
- RIS
- File Format:
- RIS
- File Format:
- RIS
- File Format:
- RIS
- File Format:
- RIS
- File Format:
- RIS
- File Format:
- RIS
Personal Author:Nagai, T. ;Shinohara, I....2019 | Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics,;Description:Using tens to hundreds of keV proton and electron flux measurements and simultaneous magnetic field measurements from three Geostationary Operational ...Probabilistic Forecasting of Snowfall Amounts Using a Hybrid between a Parametric and an Analog ApproachCitePersonal Author:Scheuerer, Michael ;Hamill, Thomas M.2019 | Mon. Wea. Rev. (2019) 147 (3): 1047–1064Description:Forecast uncertainty associated with the prediction of snowfall amounts is a complex superposition of the uncertainty about precipitation amounts and ...2019 | Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans,;Description:Stratification of the upper few meters of the ocean limits the penetration depth of wind mixing and the vertical distribution of atmospheric fluxes. S...Tropospheric Ozone Assessment Report: Tropospheric ozone from 1877 to 2016, observed levels, trends and uncertaintiesCite2019 | Elem Sci Anth, 7(1), p.39.Description:From the earliest observations of ozone in the lower atmosphere in the 19th century, both measurement methods and the portion of the globe observed ha...Summertime Atmospheric Boundary Layer Gradients of O-2 and CO2 over the Southern OceanCite2019 | Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 124, 13439-13456Description:We present airborne observations of the vertical gradient of atmospheric oxygen (δ (O2/N2)) and carbon dioxide (CO2) through the atmospheric boundary...Wet Scavenging in WRF-Chem Simulations of Parameterized Convection for a Severe Storm During the DC3 Field CampaignCite2019 | Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 124, 7413–7428Description:Deep convection can transport surface moisture and pollution from the planetary boundary layer to the upper troposphere (UT) within a few minutes. The...Methane source attribution in a US dry gas basin using spatial patterns of ground and airborne ethane and methane measurementsCitePersonal Author:Mielke-Maday, Ingrid ;Schwietzke, Stefan...2019 | Elem Sci Anth, 7(1), p.13.Description:An intensive coordinated airborne and ground-based measurement study was conducted in the Fayetteville Shale in northwestern Arkansas during September...Radiative Influence of Horizontally Oriented Ice Crystals over Summit, GreenlandCite2019 | Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 124, 12141-12156Description:Ice crystals commonly adopt a horizontal orientation under certain aerodynamic and electrodynamic conditions that occur in the atmosphere. While the r...Boundary layer ozone in the Northern Colorado Front Range in July-August 2014 during FRAPPE and DISCOVER-AQ from vertical profile measurementsCitePersonal Author:Oltmans, S. J. ;Cheadle, L. C....2019 | Elem Sci Anth, 7(1), p.6.Description:Data from ground-based ozone (O3) vertical profiling platforms operated during the FRAPPE/DISCOVER-AQ campaigns in summer 2014 were used to characteri...Regional Widening of Tropical Overturning: Forced Change, Natural Variability, and Recent TrendsCite2019 | Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 124(12), 6104-6119Description:The width of the tropical Hadley circulation (HC) has garnered intense interest in recent decades, owing to the emerging evidence for its expansion in...Toward a Better Regional Ozone Forecast Over CONUS Using Rapid Data Assimilation of Clouds and Meteorology in WRF-ChemCite2019 | Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 124, 13576-13592Description:Accuracy of cloud predictions in numerical weather models can considerably impact ozone (O-3) forecast skill. This study assesses the benefits in surf...Personal Author:Thompson, Anne M. ;Smit, Herman G. J....2019 | Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. (2019) 100 (1): 155–171.Description:The ozonesonde is a small balloon-borne instrument that is attached to a standard radiosonde to measure profiles of ozone from the surface to 35 km wi...2019 | Geophysical Research Letters, 46, 1061-1069.Description:Convective systems dominate the vertical transport of aerosols and trace gases. The most recent in situ aerosol measurements presented here show that ...Evaluating Simulations of Interhemispheric Transport: Interhemispheric Exchange Time Versus SF6 AgeCite2019 | Geophysical Research Letters, 46, 1113-1120.Description:Two recent studies using sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) observations to evaluate interhemispheric transport in two different ensembles of atmospheric chemi...Spatial Distribution of Melt Season Cloud Radiative Effects Over Greenland: Evaluating Satellite Observations, Reanalyses, and Model Simulations Against In Situ MeasurementsCite2019 | Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 124, 57-71Description:Arctic clouds can profoundly influence surface radiation and thus surface melt. Over Greenland, these cloud radiative effects (CRE) vary greatly with ...Incorporation of the Rotor-Equivalent Wind Speed into the Weather Research and Forecasting Models Wind Farm ParameterizationCitePersonal Author:Redfern, Stephanie ;Olson, Joseph B....2019 | Mon. Wea. Rev. (2019) 147 (3): 1029–1046Description:Wind power installations have been increasing in recent years. Because wind turbines can influence local wind speeds, temperatures, and surface fluxes...Personal Author:Shaw, William J. ;Berg, Larry K....2019 | Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. (2019) 100 (9): 1687–1699.Description:In 2015 the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) initiated a 4-yr study, the Second Wind Forecast Improvement Project (WFIP2), to improve the representatio...A Process-Based Climatological Evaluation of AIRS Level 3 Tropospheric Thermodynamics over the High-Latitude ArcticCitePersonal Author:Sedlar, Joseph ;Tjernström, Michael2019 | J. Appl. Meteor. Climatol. (2019) 58 (8): 1867–1886Description:Measurements from spaceborne sensors have the unique capacity to fill spatial and temporal gaps in ground-based atmospheric observing systems, especia...Personal Author:Perkins, Jonathan P. ;Finnegan, Noah J....2019 | Geophysical Research Letters, 46, 12012-12020.Description:Wind abrasion is important for planetary landscape evolution, and wind‐abraded bedrock landscapes contain many landforms that are difficult to inter...