Convective systems dominate the vertical transport of aerosols and trace gases. The most recent in situ aerosol measurements presented here show that the concentrations of primary aerosols including sea salt and black carbon drop by factors of 10 to 10,000 from the surface to the upper troposphere. In this study we show that the default convective transport scheme in the National Science Foundation/Department of Energy Community Earth System Model results in a high bias of 10–1,000 times the measured aerosol mass for black carbon and sea salt in the middle and upper troposphere. A modified transport scheme, which considers aerosol activation from entrained air above the cloud base and aerosol‐cloud interaction associated with convection, dramatically improves model agreement with in situ measurements suggesting that deep convection can efficiently remove primary aerosols. We suggest that models that fail to consider secondary activation may overestimate black carbon's radiative forcing by a factor of 2.
Forecast uncertainty associated with the prediction of snowfall amounts is a complex superposition of the uncertainty about precipitation amounts and ...
Stratification of the upper few meters of the ocean limits the penetration depth of wind mixing and the vertical distribution of atmospheric fluxes. S...
From the earliest observations of ozone in the lower atmosphere in the 19th century, both measurement methods and the portion of the globe observed ha...
2019 | Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 124, 13439-13456
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We present airborne observations of the vertical gradient of atmospheric oxygen (δ (O2/N2)) and carbon dioxide (CO2) through the atmospheric boundary...
2019 | Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 124, 7413–7428
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Deep convection can transport surface moisture and pollution from the planetary boundary layer to the upper troposphere (UT) within a few minutes. The...
An intensive coordinated airborne and ground-based measurement study was conducted in the Fayetteville Shale in northwestern Arkansas during September...
2019 | Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 124, 12141-12156
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Ice crystals commonly adopt a horizontal orientation under certain aerodynamic and electrodynamic conditions that occur in the atmosphere. While the r...
2019 | Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 124, 13576-13592
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Accuracy of cloud predictions in numerical weather models can considerably impact ozone (O-3) forecast skill. This study assesses the benefits in surf...
The ozonesonde is a small balloon-borne instrument that is attached to a standard radiosonde to measure profiles of ozone from the surface to 35 km wi...
2019 | Geophysical Research Letters, 46, 1113-1120.
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Two recent studies using sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) observations to evaluate interhemispheric transport in two different ensembles of atmospheric chemi...
2019 | Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 124, 57-71
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Arctic clouds can profoundly influence surface radiation and thus surface melt. Over Greenland, these cloud radiative effects (CRE) vary greatly with ...
In 2015 the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) initiated a 4-yr study, the Second Wind Forecast Improvement Project (WFIP2), to improve the representatio...
2019 | J. Appl. Meteor. Climatol. (2019) 58 (8): 1867–1886
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Measurements from spaceborne sensors have the unique capacity to fill spatial and temporal gaps in ground-based atmospheric observing systems, especia...
During winter 2016/17, California experienced numerous heavy precipitation events linked to land-falling atmospheric rivers (ARs) that filled reservoi...
Wind power installations have been increasing in recent years. Because wind turbines can influence local wind speeds, temperatures, and surface fluxes...
2019 | Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 124(12), 6104-6119
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The width of the tropical Hadley circulation (HC) has garnered intense interest in recent decades, owing to the emerging evidence for its expansion in...
2019 | Geophysical Research Letters, 46, 2242-2252.
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The double Intertropical Convergence Zone bias remains a persistent problem in coupled general circulation model simulations. Due to the strong sea su...
Data from ground-based ozone (O3) vertical profiling platforms operated during the FRAPPE/DISCOVER-AQ campaigns in summer 2014 were used to characteri...