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Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research (OAR)

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This collection includes documents from NOAA's Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research. All included documents have been either written by OAR staff or funded through OAR programs and grants. Included are documents, reports, and other materials.

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Showing 1 - 20 of 24157 results
  • The GOES Eastern United States Fire Emissions Inventory
    The GOES Eastern United States Fire Emissions Inventory
    Fite, Charles H. ;
    Kumar, Aditya
    2025 | Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 130(24) | pdf
    Prescribed wildland and agricultural fires are common in the eastern United States (U.S.), but their small size and short durations have led polar-orbiting satellite data sets to underestimate their emissions due to omission. The higher temporal resolution of the GOES-16 Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI) improves fire detection, enabling development o ...
  • Impacts of Initial Condition Perturbation Blending in 10 and 40Member ConvectionAllowing Ensemble Forecasts
    Impacts of Initial Condition Perturbation Blending in 10- and 40-Member Convection-Allowing Ensemble Forecasts
    Johnson, Aaron ;
    Wang, Xuguang
    2024 | Mon. Wea. Rev., 152, 1421–1441 | PDF
    A series of convection-allowing 36-h ensemble forecasts during the 2018 spring season are used to better understand the impacts of ensemble configuration and blending different sources of initial condition (IC) perturbation. Ten- and forty-member ensemble configurations are initialized with the multiscale IC perturbations generated as a product of ...
  • Cruise report EX1604 CAPSTONE Wake Island PRIMM preliminary mapping mapping exploration of the Wake Atoll Unit of the Pacific Remote Islands Marine National Monument March 23 2016 to April 13 2016
    Cruise report. EX-16-04, CAPSTONE Wake Island PRIMM (preliminary mapping), mapping exploration of the Wake Atoll Unit of the Pacific Remote Islands Marine National Monument, March 23, 2016 to April 13, 2016.
    Sowers, Derek ;
    Kelley, Christopher D.
    2016 | EX-16-04
    "Cruise Report: EX-16-04, CAPSTONE Wake Island PRIMNM, Mapping Exploration of the Wake Atoll Unit of the Pacific Remote Islands Marine National Monument (Preliminary Mapping), March 23, 2016 to April 13, 2016
  • How well can an ensemble predict the uncertainty in the location of winter storm precipitation
    How well can an ensemble predict the uncertainty in the location of winter storm precipitation?
    Han, Fan ;
    Szunyogh, Istvan
    2018 | Tellus A: Dynamic Meteorology and Oceanography, 70(1), 1-10
    A pair of morphing-based ensemble forecast diagnostics is proposed for the verification of the location of precipitation events. The diagnostics are applied to operational global ensemble forecasts of winter storms in the United States in the winters of 2014/2015 and 2015/2016. A slowly developing systematic error is found to lead to an unrealistic ...
  • Altimetry for the future Building on 25 years of progress
    Altimetry for the future: Building on 25 years of progress
    Abdalla, Saleh ;
    Abdeh Kolahchi, Abdolnabi
    2021 | Advances in Space Research, 68(2), 319-363
    In 2018 we celebrated 25 years of development of radar altimetry, and the progress achieved by this methodology in the fields of global and coastal oceanography, hydrology, geodesy and cryospheric sciences. Many symbolic major events have celebrated these developments, e.g., in Venice, Italy, the 15th (2006) and 20th (2012) years of progress and mo ...
  • Analog Probabilistic Precipitation Forecasts Using GEFS Reforecasts and ClimatologyCalibrated Precipitation Analyses
    Analog Probabilistic Precipitation Forecasts Using GEFS Reforecasts and Climatology-Calibrated Precipitation Analyses*
    Hamill, Thomas M. ;
    Scheuerer, Michael
    2015 | Monthly Weather Review, 143(8), 3300-3309.
    Analog postprocessing methods have previously been applied using precipitation reforecasts and analyses to improve probabilistic forecast skill and reliability. A modification to a previously documented analog procedure is described here that produces highly skillful, statistically reliable precipitation forecast guidance at [GRAPHICS] degrees grid ...
  • Data Management Plan Okeanos Explorer EX1603 Hohonu Moana Exploring the Deep Waters off Hawaii
    Data Management Plan Okeanos Explorer (EX1603): Hohonu Moana: Exploring the Deep Waters off Hawaii
    Gottfried, Susan
    2016 | EX-16-03
    Continue integration and testing of telestream pipeline capture system; work with Telestream developers to resolve abortive captures; integrate audio into telestream video capture; transfer functionality from the old data warehouse to the new one; ensure successful transfer of data warehouse functionality (public hosting, dashboard, data consolidat ...
  • Predictability and Prediction of Southern California Rains during Strong El Nino Events A Focus on the Failed 2016 Winter Rains
    Predictability and Prediction of Southern California Rains during Strong El Nino Events: A Focus on the Failed 2016 Winter Rains
    Zhang, Tao ;
    Hoerling, Martin P.
    2018 | Journal of Climate, 31(2), 555-574.
    The failed Southern California (SCAL) winter rains during the 2015/16 strong El Nino came as a surprise and a disappointment. Similarities were drawn to very wet winters during several historical strong El Nino events, leading to heightened expectations that SCAL's multiyear drought would abate in 2016. Ensembles of atmospheric model simulations an ...
  • A Pilot Haddock Hatchery For Massachusetts
    A Pilot Haddock Hatchery For Massachusetts
    Goudey, Clifford A. ;
    Moran, Brandy M.
    1999 | Report ; MITSG 99-6
    The MIT Sea Grant Program is operating Boston's first marine finfish hatchery at the former Charlestown Navy Yard. The goal is to demonstrate pilot-scale techniques for producing new varieties of marine finfish fingerlings. This project report is in three parts, one covering the design and installation of culture systems in the hatchery facility, a ...
  • Shortwave Spectral Radiative Signatures and Their Physical Controls
    Shortwave Spectral Radiative Signatures and Their Physical Controls
    Gristey, Jake J. ;
    Chiu, J. Christine
    2019 | J. Climate (2019) 32 (15): 4805–4828.
    The spectrum of reflected solar radiation emerging at the top of the atmosphere is rich with Earth system information. To identify spectral signatures in the reflected solar radiation and directly relate them to the underlying physical properties controlling their structure, over 90 000 solar reflectance spectra are computed over West Africa in 201 ...
  • Climatology and Environmental Characteristics of Extreme Precipitation Events in the Southeastern United States
    Climatology and Environmental Characteristics of Extreme Precipitation Events in the Southeastern United States
    Moore, Benjamin J. ;
    Mahoney, Kelly M.
    2015 | Monthly Weather Review, 143(3), 718-741.
    This paper documents the characteristics of extreme precipitation events (EPEs) in the southeastern United States (SEUS) during 2002-11. The EPEs are identified by applying an object-based method to 24-h precipitation analyses from the NCEP stage-IV dataset. It is found that EPEs affected the SEUS in all months and occurred most frequently in the w ...
  • Bimonthly Variability in Zonal Velocity at Middepths of the Equatorial Indian Ocean
    Bimonthly Variability in Zonal Velocity at Middepths of the Equatorial Indian Ocean
    Nagura, Motoki ;
    McPhaden, Michael J.
    2025 | PMEL contribution; no. 5698 | pdf
    Intraseasonal variability in zonal velocity at middepths (between 450 and 800 m) of the equatorial Indian Ocean is investigated using in situ velocity measurements for the period from 2014 to 2019 at 0°, 83°E and the output of a wind-forced ocean general circulation model (OGCM). The spectral analysis of observed zonal velocity indicates that the h ...
  • NOAA Arctic Report Card 2025 Rusting Rivers
    NOAA Arctic Report Card 2025 : Rusting Rivers
    O'Donnell, J. A. ;
    Carey, M. P.
    2025 | NOAA technical report OAR ARC ; 25-14 (Arctic Report Card) | pdf
    Terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems of the Arctic are undergoing rapid change due to the impacts of a changing climate and ecosystem disturbances. One climate-driven disturbance, permafrost thaw, is altering watershed hydrology and biogeochemical cycles (e.g., carbon cycling), with implications for coastal waters and marine ecosystems. Recent ground ...
  • Learning Machine Learning with Lorenz96
    Learning Machine Learning with Lorenz-96
    Balwada, Dhruv ;
    Abernathey, Ryan
    2024 | Journal of Open Source Education, 7(82), 241 | PDF
    Machine learning (ML) is a rapidly growing field that is starting to touch all aspects of our lives, and science is not immune to this. In fact, recent work in the field of scientific ML, i.e. combining ML and with conventional scientific problems, is leading to new breakthroughs in notoriously hard problems, which might have seemed too distant til ...
  • Environmental Conditions and Forecast Error Evolution Associated with Synoptic Progressiveness Errors in GFS Forecasts
    Environmental Conditions and Forecast Error Evolution Associated with Synoptic Progressiveness Errors in GFS Forecasts
    Lupo, Kevin M. ;
    Schwartz, Craig S.
    2025 | Wea. Forecasting, 40, 1103–1124 | PDF
    Operational forecasters often note that medium-range forecasts of midtropospheric cutoff lows using the Global Forecast System (GFS) are typically characterized by excessive synoptic progressiveness, i.e., a tendency to advance features too quickly downstream. Recent research examining the displacement error characteristics of cutoff lows in 0–10-d ...
  • Combining Model and Observational Data Using Machine Learning for ShortTerm Severe Weather Hazard Prediction
    Combining Model and Observational Data Using Machine Learning for Short-Term Severe Weather Hazard Prediction
    Loken, Eric D. ;
    Clark, Adam J.
    2025 | Artif. Intell. Earth Syst., 4, e240102 | PDF
    The Warn-on-Forecast System (WoFS) is a convection-allowing ensemble that rapidly assimilates high-resolution radar, satellite, and other observational data to enhance forecasting capabilities at 0–6-h lead times. However, data latency and model spinup can reduce WoFS’ utility, especially within the first hour after initialization. On the other han ...
  • Modeling Atmospheric Mercury Deposition to the Great Lakes Updated Analysis
    Modeling Atmospheric Mercury Deposition to the Great Lakes: Updated Analysis
    Cohen, Mark D.
    2016 | pdf
    Mercury contamination is an ongoing concern in the Great Lakes region, with public health and wildlife toxicology ramifications (Bhavsar et al., 2010; Cohen et al., 2007; Evers et al., 2011; Gandhi et al., 2014; Wiener et al., 2012), and atmospheric deposition is likely the largest contemporary loading pathway (Jeremiason et al., 2009; Mason and Su ...
  • Largescale current measurements in Lake Superior
    Large-scale current measurements in Lake Superior
    Sloss, Peter W. ;
    Saylor, James H.
    1976 | NOAA technical report ERL ; 363
    No Description
  • Mapping Data Acquisition and Processing Summary Report Cruise EX1002 ROV Integration Shakedown Field Trials Shakedown
    Mapping Data Acquisition and Processing Summary Report. Cruise EX-10-02: ROV Integration, Shakedown, Field Trials (Shakedown)
    Candio, Sam
    2020 | EX-10-02
    The NOAA Office of Ocean Exploration and Research is the only federal program dedicated to exploring our deep ocean, closing the prominent gap in our basic understanding of U.S. deep waters and seafloor and delivering the ocean information needed to strengthen the economy, health, and security of our nation.Using the latest tools and technology, OE ...
  • A Thermodynamic Pathway Leading to Rapid Intensification of Tropical Cyclones in Shear
    A Thermodynamic Pathway Leading to Rapid Intensification of Tropical Cyclones in Shear
    Chen, Xiaomin ;
    Zhang, Jun A.
    2019 | Geophysical Research Letters, 46(15), 9241-9251. | PDF
    Abstract Understanding physical processes leading to rapid intensification (RI) of tropical cyclones (TCs) under environmental vertical wind shear is key to improving TC intensity forecasts. This study analyzes the thermodynamic processes that help saturate the TC inner core before RI onset using a column-integrated moist static energy (MSE) framew ...
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