What Surface Observations Are Important for Separating the Influences of Anthropogenic Aerosols from Other Forcings?

Yan, Xiaoqin; DelSole, Timothy; Tippett, Michael K.

doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0667.1

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What Surface Observations Are Important for Separating the Influences of Anthropogenic Aerosols from Other Forcings?

2016
By Yan, Xiaoqin ; DelSole, Timothy ; Tippett, Michael K.
Source: Journal of Climate, 29(11), 4165-4184.

[PDF-3.36 MB]

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Journal Title:

Journal of Climate
Personal Author:

Yan, Xiaoqin ; DelSole, Timothy ; Tippett, Michael K.

Yan, Xiaoqin ; DelSole, Timothy ; Tippett, Michael K. Less -
NOAA Program & Office:

OAR (Oceanic and Atmospheric Research) ; CPO (Climate Program Office)

OAR (Oceanic and Atmospheric Research) ; CPO (Climate Program Office) Less -
Description:

This paper shows that joint temperature–precipitation information over a global domain provides a more accurate estimate of aerosol forced responses in climate models than does any other combination of temperature, precipitation, or sea level pressure. This fact is demonstrated using a new quantity called potential detectability, which measures the extent to which a forced response can be detected in a model. In particular, this measure can be evaluated independently of observations and therefore permits efficient exploration of a large number of variable combinations before performing optimal fingerprinting on observations. This paper also shows that the response to anthropogenic aerosol forcing can be separated from that of other forcings using only spatial structure alone, leaving the time variation of the response to be inferred from data, thereby demonstrating that temporal information is not necessary for detection. The spatial structure of the forced response is derived by maximizing the signal-to-noise ratio. For single variables, the north–south hemispheric gradient and equator-to-pole latitudinal gradient are important spatial structures for detecting anthropogenic aerosols in some models but not all. Sea level pressure is not an independent detection variable because it is derived partly from surface temperature. In no case does sea level pressure significantly enhance potential detectability beyond that already possible using surface temperature. Including seasonal or land–sea contrast information does not significantly enhance detectability of anthropogenic aerosol responses relative to annual means over global domains.
Keywords:

[+]

Aerosols Climatology Greenhouse Gases Meteorology Variability NOAA Modeling, Analysis, Prediction and Projections (MAPP)
Source:

Journal of Climate, 29(11), 4165-4184.
DOI:

https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0667.1
Document Type:

Journal Article
Funding:

Grant no. NA14OAR4310160
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urn:sha256:86ba83177622e2e76d079c4d4d2871bcd176452acd4ea922260ba873242b7c47
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https://repository.library.noaa.gov/view/noaa/28966/noaa_28966_DS1.pdf
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What Surface Observations Are Important for Separating the Influences of Anthropogenic Aerosols from Other Forcings?

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