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National Weather Service (NWS) National Weather Service (NWS)
National Weather Service (NWS)

This collection contains reports and materials published by the National Weather Service and NWS researchers. Included are technical reports and memorandums, as well as special publications and some video covering a variety of topics such as climate science, space weather, the atmosphere and meteorology.

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    The National Meteorological Center's historical 36- (30-) hour S1 score record
    Cite
    Filetype[PDF - 1.31 MB]
    Personal Author:
    Hirano, Robert Y.
    1992 | Office note (National Centers for Environmental Prediction (U.S.)) ; 389
    Description:
    "The S1 score record at the National Meteorological Center (NMC) dates back to 1947 when 30-hour mean sea level (MSL) verification started. Thirty-hou...
    File Type:
    Filetype[PDF - 1.31 MB]
    File Type:
    Filetype[PDF - 1.31 MB]
    Wave number verification of NMC's 7L PE model
    Cite
    Filetype[PDF - 1.31 MB]
    Personal Author:
    Marks, Donald G.
    1982 | Office note (National Centers for Environmental Prediction (U.S.)) ; 252
    Description:
    "This study expands the National Meteorological Center's verification program for primitive equation models into the domain of wave numbers. The speci...
    File Type:
    Filetype[PDF - 1.31 MB]
    File Type:
    Filetype[PDF - 1.31 MB]
    Application of the Gandin-Murphy equitable skill score to numerical forecasts of quantitative precipitation
    Cite
    Filetype[PDF - 1.14 MB]
    Personal Author:
    Gerrity, Joseph P.
    1991 | Office note (National Centers for Environmental Prediction (U.S.)) ; 382
    Description:
    Explains the correct application of the Gandin-Murphy equitable skill score to assess numerical forecasts of quantitative precipitation.
    File Type:
    Filetype[PDF - 1.14 MB]
    File Type:
    Filetype[PDF - 1.14 MB]
    19 85-1986 summary of changes to NMC operational global analysis
    Cite
    Filetype[PDF - 415.61 KB]
    Personal Author:
    Dey, Clifford H. ;
    Ballish, Bradley Alan, 1950-
    ...
    1987 | Office note (National Centers for Environmental Prediction (U.S.)) ; 327
    Description:
    "This is the second in a series of reports prepared to keep researchers throughout the meteorological community abreast of changes made to the Nationa...
    File Type:
    Filetype[PDF - 415.61 KB]
    File Type:
    Filetype[PDF - 415.61 KB]
    Severe Local Storm Warning Verification: 1994
    Cite
    Filetype[PDF - 7.99 MB]
    Personal Author:
    Crowther, Hugh G. ;
    Halmstad, John T.
    1995 | NOAA technical memorandum NWS NSSFC ; 41
    No Description
    File Type:
    Filetype[PDF - 7.99 MB]
    File Type:
    Filetype[PDF - 7.99 MB]
    Severe Local Storm Warning Verification for 1993
    Cite
    Filetype[PDF - 4.88 MB]
    Personal Author:
    Crowther, Hugh G. ;
    Halmstad, John T.
    1994 | NOAA technical memorandum NWS NSSFC ; 40
    No Description
    File Type:
    Filetype[PDF - 4.88 MB]
    File Type:
    Filetype[PDF - 4.88 MB]
    The National Meteorological Center's spectral statistical interpolation analysis system
    Cite
    Filetype[PDF - 2.35 MB]
    Personal Author:
    Parrish, David F. ;
    Derber, John C.
    1991 | Office note (National Centers for Environmental Prediction (U.S.)) ; 379
    Description:
    At the National Meteorological Center (NMC), a new analysis system is being extensively tested for possible use in the operational Global Data Assimil...
    File Type:
    Filetype[PDF - 2.35 MB]
    File Type:
    Filetype[PDF - 2.35 MB]
    Global forecast-error correlation. Part 1, Isobaric wind and geopotential
    Cite
    Filetype[PDF - 2.33 MB]
    Personal Author:
    Thiébaux, H. J. ;
    Morone, Lauren L.
    ...
    1989 | Office note (National Centers for Environmental Prediction (U.S.)) ; 362
    Description:
    Results of a thorough study of the correlation structure of observation-minus-forecast increments for mandatory pressure level radiosonde observations...
    File Type:
    Filetype[PDF - 2.33 MB]
    File Type:
    Filetype[PDF - 2.33 MB]
    Forecast sensitivity with dropwindsonde data and targeted observations
    Cite
    Filetype[PDF - 2.24 MB]
    Personal Author:
    Pu, Zhao-Xia ;
    Lord, Stephen John, 1947-
    ...
    1997 | Office note (National Centers for Environmental Prediction (U.S.)) ; 421
    Description:
    While forecast models and analysis schemes used in numerical weather prediction have become generally very successful, there is an increasing research...
    File Type:
    Filetype[PDF - 2.24 MB]
    File Type:
    Filetype[PDF - 2.24 MB]
    The hydrostatic checking of radiosonde heights and temperatures. Part II
    Cite
    Filetype[PDF - 1.27 MB]
    Personal Author:
    Collins, William G ;
    Gandin, L. S. (Lev Semenovich)
    1989 | Office note (National Centers for Environmental Prediction (U.S.)) ; 351
    Description:
    "This Office Note documents improvements to the new NMC hydrostatic check of radiosonde data. It brings up-to-date Office Note 344, in which the basic...
    File Type:
    Filetype[PDF - 1.27 MB]
    File Type:
    Filetype[PDF - 1.27 MB]
    How to manufacture charts of the maximum wind speed and level of maximum wind
    Cite
    Filetype[PDF - 1.39 MB]
    Personal Author:
    Stackpole, John D.
    1981 | Office note (National Centers for Environmental Prediction (U.S.)) ; 229
    Description:
    "In response to interest expressed by the international aviation community, in the person of the ICAO, we undertook to construct (a) values of the max...
    File Type:
    Filetype[PDF - 1.39 MB]
    File Type:
    Filetype[PDF - 1.39 MB]
    How to get some Varian graphics. Part I
    Cite
    Filetype[PDF - 1.70 MB]
    Personal Author:
    Desmarais, Armand J.
    1981 | Office note (National Centers for Environmental Prediction (U.S.)) ; 230
    Description:
    "The VARIAN programs, developed by Automation Division, operationally provide graphics for data plots and contours from the various analyses and forec...
    File Type:
    Filetype[PDF - 1.70 MB]
    File Type:
    Filetype[PDF - 1.70 MB]
    Derivation and suggested method of the application of simplified relations for surface fluxes in the medium-range forecast model, unstable case
    Cite
    Filetype[PDF - 6.69 MB]
    Personal Author:
    Long, Paul E.
    1990 | Office note (National Centers for Environmental Prediction (U.S.)) ; 356
    Description:
    "An economical technique is presented for:solving the boundary layer equations that yield the surface fluxes of momentum, heat, and moisture for unsta...
    File Type:
    Filetype[PDF - 6.69 MB]
    File Type:
    Filetype[PDF - 6.69 MB]
    Evaluation of the effect of VAS data on some NMC analyses and forecasts
    Cite
    Filetype[PDF - 2.25 MB]
    Personal Author:
    O'Lenic, Edward A.
    1982 | Office note (National Centers for Environmental Prediction (U.S.)) ; 253
    Description:
    "Since early in 1981, VAS (VISSR Atmospheric Sounder (Visible/ Infrared Spin Scan Radiometer)) data have been under study at the National Meteorologic...
    File Type:
    Filetype[PDF - 2.25 MB]
    File Type:
    Filetype[PDF - 2.25 MB]
    Optimum interpolation, practical aspects of operational application
    Cite
    Filetype[PDF - 3.13 MB]
    Personal Author:
    McPherson, Ronald D.
    1982 | Office note (National Centers for Environmental Prediction (U.S.)) ; 266
    Description:
    "Operational experience with optimum interpolation at NMC and elsewhere has stimulated close examination of the characteristics of the method. Some of...
    File Type:
    Filetype[PDF - 3.13 MB]
    File Type:
    Filetype[PDF - 3.13 MB]
    Skill of medium range forecast group
    Cite
    Filetype[PDF - 14.35 MB]
    Personal Author:
    Hughes, Francis D.
    1985 | Office note (National Centers for Environmental Prediction (U.S.)) ; 303
    Description:
    "This paper depicts in a graphical manner the skill of the Medium Range (3-10 day) Forecast Group (MRFG) man and machine (numerical model guidance) fo...
    File Type:
    Filetype[PDF - 14.35 MB]
    File Type:
    Filetype[PDF - 14.35 MB]
    Asymptotic solution of liquid water content equation at equilibrium state of radiation fog
    Cite
    Filetype[PDF - 455.43 KB]
    Personal Author:
    Zhou, Binbin
    2006 | Office note (National Centers for Environmental Prediction (U.S.)) ; 450
    Description:
    The liquid water content equation at a state of equilibrium for radiation fog was asymptotically solved with the singular perturbation technique. This...
    File Type:
    Filetype[PDF - 455.43 KB]
    File Type:
    Filetype[PDF - 455.43 KB]
    Mathematical principles of the construction and characterization of a parameterized family of Gaussian mixture distributions suitable to serve as models for the probability distributions of measurement errors in nonlinear quality control
    Cite
    Filetype[PDF - 966.57 KB]
    Personal Author:
    Purser, Robert James
    2011 | Office note (National Centers for Environmental Prediction (U.S.)) ; 468
    Description:
    Some of the nonGaussian distribution functions used to model observational error in nonlinear quality control are known to lead to undesirable multipl...
    File Type:
    Filetype[PDF - 966.57 KB]
    File Type:
    Filetype[PDF - 966.57 KB]
    On the selection of propagation schemes for a spectral wind-wave model
    Cite
    Filetype[PDF - 4.22 MB]
    Personal Author:
    Tolman, H. L. (Hendrik Lieuwe), 1961-
    1995 | Office note (National Centers for Environmental Prediction (U.S.)) ; 411
    Description:
    This report discusses the selection of accurate numerical propagation schemes for use in wind wave models. The paper utilizes previous studies in wave...
    File Type:
    Filetype[PDF - 4.22 MB]
    File Type:
    Filetype[PDF - 4.22 MB]
    Application of implicit normal mode initialization to the NMC nested grid model
    Cite
    Filetype[PDF - 1.09 MB]
    Personal Author:
    Parrish, David F.
    1989 | Office note (National Centers for Environmental Prediction (U.S.)) ; 349
    Description:
    "Several techniques now exist for the initialization of limited area models that are good approximations to nonlinear normal mode initialization (NLNM...
    File Type:
    Filetype[PDF - 1.09 MB]
    File Type:
    Filetype[PDF - 1.09 MB]
    Comparison of strategies for the specification of anisotropies in the covariances of a three-dimensional atmospheric data assimilation system
    Cite
    Filetype[PDF - 1.23 MB]
    Personal Author:
    Pondeca, Manuel S. F. V. de ;
    Purser, Robert James
    ...
    2006 | Office note (National Centers for Environmental Prediction (U.S.)) ; 452
    Description:
    Spatial recursive filters and the Hexad algorithm are used to implement four different models of anisotropic background error covariances within the N...
    File Type:
    Filetype[PDF - 1.23 MB]
    File Type:
    Filetype[PDF - 1.23 MB]
    NCEP/EMC observing system experiment (OSE) on the effect of loss of Russian RAOB data
    Cite
    Filetype[PDF - 1.23 MB]
    Personal Author:
    Tracton, M. Steven ;
    Kistler, Robert E.
    ...
    2001 | Office note (National Centers for Environmental Prediction (U.S.)) ; 432
    Description:
    "The number of sites in the Russian Federation taking upper air observations using radiosondes (RAOBs) decreased by 65% to 70% from January 1994 to De...
    File Type:
    Filetype[PDF - 1.23 MB]
    File Type:
    Filetype[PDF - 1.23 MB]
    NOAA Environmental Modeling System Regression Test Suite, system evaluation and requirements for a new system
    Cite
    Filetype[PDF - 150.32 KB]
    Personal Author:
    Trahan, Samuel
    2016 | Office note (National Centers for Environmental Prediction (U.S.)) ; 484
    Description:
    The NOAA Environmental Modeling System (NEMS) is a collection of numerical models of various aspects of the environment, coupled together via the NUOP...
    File Type:
    Filetype[PDF - 150.32 KB]
    File Type:
    Filetype[PDF - 150.32 KB]
    Specification of parameter fields in the spectral codes
    Cite
    Filetype[PDF - 170.85 KB]
    Personal Author:
    Sela, Joseph G.
    1981 | Office note (National Centers for Environmental Prediction (U.S.)) ; 231
    Description:
    "This Office Note describes the use of a PRMFLD in the execute card for the main spectral forecast and post codes. Users are urged to exercise great c...
    File Type:
    Filetype[PDF - 170.85 KB]
    File Type:
    Filetype[PDF - 170.85 KB]
    Parallel implementation of compact numerical schemes
    Cite
    Filetype[PDF - 1.97 MB]
    Personal Author:
    Fujita, Tsukasa ;
    Purser, Robert James
    2001 | Office note (National Centers for Environmental Prediction (U.S.)) ; 434
    Description:
    The formulation of compact schemes in a parallel environment is described in detail for the case of differencing. Compact numerical schemes are spatia...
    File Type:
    Filetype[PDF - 1.97 MB]
    File Type:
    Filetype[PDF - 1.97 MB]
    An assessment of analysis performance
    Cite
    Filetype[PDF - 2.06 MB]
    Personal Author:
    McPherson, Ronald D.
    1980 | Office note (National Centers for Environmental Prediction (U.S.)) ; 221
    Description:
    "Previous lectures in this series have discussed the theory and application of the NMC global data assimilation system, as well as its antecedents and...
    File Type:
    Filetype[PDF - 2.06 MB]
    File Type:
    Filetype[PDF - 2.06 MB]
    Systems Evaluation Branch monthly precipitation verification
    Cite
    Filetype[PDF - 1.15 MB]
    Personal Author:
    Hirano, Robert Y.
    1982 | Office note (National Centers for Environmental Prediction (U.S.)) ; 256
    Description:
    "The objective of Systems Evaluation Branch monthly precipitation program is to monitor the quality of precipitation forecasts from NMC's operational ...
    File Type:
    Filetype[PDF - 1.15 MB]
    File Type:
    Filetype[PDF - 1.15 MB]
    The GFS atmospheric model
    Cite
    Filetype[PDF - 121.73 KB]
    Corporate Authors:
    National Centers for Environmental Prediction (U.S.)
    2004 | Office note (National Centers for Environmental Prediction (U.S.)) ; 442
    Description:
    "This is a brief documentation of the current version of the atmospheric model of NCEP's Global Forecast System (GFS). The GFS mode l, formerly known ...
    File Type:
    Filetype[PDF - 121.73 KB]
    File Type:
    Filetype[PDF - 121.73 KB]
    Prodecure for the statistical correction of medium-range spectral forecasts
    Cite
    Filetype[PDF - 616.16 KB]
    Personal Author:
    Epstein, Edward S.
    1985 | Office note (National Centers for Environmental Prediction (U.S.)) ; 301
    Description:
    "It has long been recognized that statistical adjustments applied to the output of dynamically produced numerical progs can systematically reduce thei...
    File Type:
    Filetype[PDF - 616.16 KB]
    File Type:
    Filetype[PDF - 616.16 KB]
    Intercomparison of ECMWF and NMC 500 MB height forecasts to 5 days, 1984 update
    Cite
    Filetype[PDF - 2.10 MB]
    Personal Author:
    Vlcek, Charles L.
    1985 | Office note (National Centers for Environmental Prediction (U.S.)) ; 300
    Description:
    "This note is an update of Intercomparison of ECMWF and NMC 500 Mb Height Forecasts to 5 days by Bonner, Stackpole, and Vlcek (NMC Office Note 281, De...
    File Type:
    Filetype[PDF - 2.10 MB]
    File Type:
    Filetype[PDF - 2.10 MB]
    Preliminary results of the finite element parallel run 6/20/1990 to 7/1/1990
    Cite
    Filetype[PDF - 1.68 MB]
    Personal Author:
    Steppeler, Jürgen ;
    Iredell, Mark (Mark D.)
    1990 | Office note (National Centers for Environmental Prediction (U.S.)) ; 372
    Description:
    Explains results of the finite element parallel run from 6/20/1990 to 7/1/1990 by the National Meteorological Center.
    File Type:
    Filetype[PDF - 1.68 MB]
    File Type:
    Filetype[PDF - 1.68 MB]
    Update on cloud-tracked winds by Japanese satellite
    Cite
    Filetype[PDF - 251.82 KB]
    Personal Author:
    Vlcek, Charles L.
    1982 | Office note (National Centers for Environmental Prediction (U.S.)) ; 268
    Description:
    "Cloud-tracked winds measured by Japanese satellites have been shown to be persistently slower than winds measured by colocated aircraft or radiosonde...
    File Type:
    Filetype[PDF - 251.82 KB]
    File Type:
    Filetype[PDF - 251.82 KB]
    Precipitation Verification
    Cite
    Filetype[PDF - 419.47 KB]
    Personal Author:
    Smith, Warren
    1984 | Office note (National Centers for Environmental Prediction (U.S.)) ; 283
    Description:
    "Basic Weather Branch keeps a continuous record of precipitation threat scores, no precipitation threat scores and bias. These scores are used to eval...
    File Type:
    Filetype[PDF - 419.47 KB]
    File Type:
    Filetype[PDF - 419.47 KB]
    Skill of the medium range forecast group
    Cite
    Filetype[PDF - 17.42 MB]
    Personal Author:
    Hughes, Francis D.
    1987 | Office note (National Centers for Environmental Prediction (U.S.)) ; 326
    Description:
    "This paper depicts in a graphical manner the skill of the Medium Range (3-10 day) Forecast Group (MRFG) man and machine (numerical model guidance) fo...
    File Type:
    Filetype[PDF - 17.42 MB]
    File Type:
    Filetype[PDF - 17.42 MB]
    Complex quality control of Rawinsonde heights and temperatures at the National Meteorological Center: Quality Control of Mandatory Level Data
    Cite
    Filetype[PDF - 3.26 MB]
    Personal Author:
    Collins, William S. ;
    Gandin, L. S. (Lev Semenovich)
    1998 | Office note (National Centers for Environmental Prediction (U.S.)) ; 423
    Description:
    The Complex Quality Control of rawinsonde data on mandatory level Heights and Temperatures (CQCHT), consisting of the hydrostatic check, the baseline ...
    File Type:
    Filetype[PDF - 3.26 MB]
    File Type:
    Filetype[PDF - 3.26 MB]
    The use of complex quality control for the detection and correction of rough errors in rawinsonde heights and temperatures, a new algorithm at NCEP/EMC
    Cite
    Filetype[PDF - 2.81 MB]
    Personal Author:
    Collins, William G
    1997 | Office note (National Centers for Environmental Prediction (U.S.)) ; 419
    Description:
    Complex quality control (cqc) was a new concept when introduced to NCEP by Lev Gandin in the late 1980's. The basic idea is that no decisions are to b...
    File Type:
    Filetype[PDF - 2.81 MB]
    File Type:
    Filetype[PDF - 2.81 MB]
    Implementation of prognostic cloud scheme for a regional spectral model
    Cite
    Filetype[PDF - 4.43 MB]
    Personal Author:
    Hong, Song-You ;
    Juang, Hann-Ming Henry
    ...
    1997 | Office note (National Centers for Environmental Prediction (U.S.)) ; 417
    Description:
    The purpose of this study is to develop a precipitation physics package for the NCEP RSM designed to improve the skill of precipitation forecasts. The...
    File Type:
    Filetype[PDF - 4.43 MB]
    File Type:
    Filetype[PDF - 4.43 MB]
    Verification tests of the ETA model, October-November 1988
    Cite
    Filetype[PDF - 2.80 MB]
    Personal Author:
    Mesinger, Fedor ;
    Black, Thomas
    1989 | Office note (National Centers for Environmental Prediction (U.S.)) ; 355
    Description:
    "The sigma system introduced at the early stage of numerical weather prediction has enabled a simple representation of the effect of mountains and has...
    File Type:
    Filetype[PDF - 2.80 MB]
    File Type:
    Filetype[PDF - 2.80 MB]
    A mixed layer model of the upper ocean coupled to the medium range forecast model (MRF-91)
    Cite
    Filetype[PDF - 1.61 MB]
    Personal Author:
    Brenner, Stephen
    1992 | Office note (National Centers for Environmental Prediction (U.S.)) ; 387
    Description:
    A mixed layer model of the upper ocean was developed and coupled to the global Medium Range Forecast model (MRF-91). This model is of the type commonl...
    File Type:
    Filetype[PDF - 1.61 MB]
    File Type:
    Filetype[PDF - 1.61 MB]
    Generating codes for a complete spectral system with arbitrary vertical and horizontal resolution
    Cite
    Filetype[PDF - 1.11 MB]
    Personal Author:
    Sela, Joseph G.
    1981 | Office note (National Centers for Environmental Prediction (U.S.)) ; 235
    Description:
    "This office note documents the steps involved in creating codes and fixed fields necessary for the computer implementation of a spectral forecast sys...
    File Type:
    Filetype[PDF - 1.11 MB]
    File Type:
    Filetype[PDF - 1.11 MB]
    Numerical solution of the primitive equations on the connection machine
    Cite
    Filetype[PDF - 884.60 KB]
    Personal Author:
    Tuccillo, James J.
    1988 | Office note (National Centers for Environmental Prediction (U.S.)) ; 346
    Description:
    "Since the late 1960's, the hydrostatic primitive equations have been the basis for operational Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP). These equations de...
    File Type:
    Filetype[PDF - 884.60 KB]
    File Type:
    Filetype[PDF - 884.60 KB]
    The practice and problems of operational medium range forecasting at the National Meteorological Center
    Cite
    Filetype[PDF - 692.39 KB]
    Personal Author:
    Tracton, M. Steven ;
    Hughes, Francis D.
    1992 | Office note (National Centers for Environmental Prediction (U.S.)) ; 386
    Description:
    Medium range forecasting here refers to predictions covering conditions in the period 6-10 days in the future. Current operational procedures and prod...
    File Type:
    Filetype[PDF - 692.39 KB]
    File Type:
    Filetype[PDF - 692.39 KB]
    An efficient and effective explicit damping time integration scheme
    Cite
    Filetype[PDF - 8.67 MB]
    Personal Author:
    Dey, Clifford H.
    1981 | Office note (National Centers for Environmental Prediction (U.S.)) ; 249
    Description:
    "There are two general classes of solutions permitted by the set of primitive equations we use to describe atmospheric motions -- meteorological modes...
    File Type:
    Filetype[PDF - 8.67 MB]
    File Type:
    Filetype[PDF - 8.67 MB]
    An inexpensive technique for using past forecast errors to improve future forecast skill Part II, A quasi-inverse linear method
    Cite
    Filetype[PDF - 2.67 MB]
    Personal Author:
    Pu, Zhao-Xia ;
    Kalnay, Eugenia, 1942-
    1996 | Office note (National Centers for Environmental Prediction (U.S.)) ; 415b
    Description:
    A quasi-inverse linear method has been developed to study the sensitivity forecast errors to initial conditions for the National Centers for Environme...
    File Type:
    Filetype[PDF - 2.67 MB]
    File Type:
    Filetype[PDF - 2.67 MB]
    Southeast Pacific low-cloud simulation in the NCEP GFS : role of vertical mixing and shallow convection
    Cite
    Filetype[PDF - 2.38 MB]
    Personal Author:
    Moorthi, Shrinivas ;
    Sun, Ruiyu
    ...
    2010 | Office note (National Centers for Environmental Prediction (U.S.)) ; 463
    Description:
    Two simple modifications are made in the physics of the NCEP Global Forecast System (GFS) model to alleviate an important systematic error: the lack o...
    File Type:
    Filetype[PDF - 2.38 MB]
    File Type:
    Filetype[PDF - 2.38 MB]
    The NEMS GFS aerosol component; NCEP's global aerosol forecast system
    Cite
    Filetype[PDF - 918.01 KB]
    Personal Author:
    Lu, Sarah ;
    Silva, Arlindo M. da
    ...
    2013 | Office note (National Centers for Environmental Prediction (U.S.)) ; 472
    Description:
    "Aerosols affect the radiation budget both directly (through scattering and absorption) and indirectly (through cloud-radiation interaction). Dust-lad...
    File Type:
    Filetype[PDF - 918.01 KB]
    File Type:
    Filetype[PDF - 918.01 KB]
    The MRF/GDAS Pre-Implementation test
    Cite
    Filetype[PDF - 1.47 MB]
    Personal Author:
    Gerrity, Joseph P.
    1986 | Office note (National Centers for Environmental Prediction (U.S.)) ; 322
    Description:
    "Prior to the implementation of the new Global Data Assimilation System (GDAS) and the new Medium-range Forecast Model (MRF86) on May 30th of this yea...
    File Type:
    Filetype[PDF - 1.47 MB]
    File Type:
    Filetype[PDF - 1.47 MB]
    The deep-atmosphere Euler equations in a non-approximated shallow-atmosphere-alike form
    Cite
    Filetype[PDF - 740.29 KB]
    Personal Author:
    Juang, Hann-Ming Henry
    2017 | Office note (National Centers for Environmental Prediction (U.S.)) ; 488
    Description:
    The deep-atmosphere Euler equation set has been derived into a form similar to the shallow-atmosphere Euler equation set without any approximation, wh...
    File Type:
    Filetype[PDF - 740.29 KB]
    File Type:
    Filetype[PDF - 740.29 KB]
    New grid-scale precipitation package in the -NMC nested grid model
    Cite
    Filetype[PDF - 1.74 MB]
    Personal Author:
    Hoke, James E.
    1982 | Office note (National Centers for Environmental Prediction (U.S.)) ; 251
    Description:
    "A challenge in the operational numerical modeling of grid-scale precipitation is the incorporation of the fact that such precipitation occurs in natu...
    File Type:
    Filetype[PDF - 1.74 MB]
    File Type:
    Filetype[PDF - 1.74 MB]
    Circular files format documentation and users guides
    Cite
    Filetype[PDF - 881.82 KB]
    Personal Author:
    Crayton, Raymond B.
    1986 | Office note (National Centers for Environmental Prediction (U.S.)) ; 319
    Description:
    "Selected data, received by NMC's IBM 4341 computer from communications lines, and needed for NMC and other units' operations, are reformatted and tra...
    File Type:
    Filetype[PDF - 881.82 KB]
    File Type:
    Filetype[PDF - 881.82 KB]
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