Extreme bradycardia and tachycardia in the world’s largest animal

Goldbogen, J. A.; Cade, D. E.; Calambokidis, J.; Czapanskiy, M. F.; Fahlbusch, J.; Friedlaender, A. S.; Gough, W. T.; Kahane-Rapport, S. R.; Savoca, M. S.; Ponganis, K. V.; Ponganis, P. J.

doi:10.1073/pnas.1914273116

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Extreme bradycardia and tachycardia in the world’s largest animal

2019
By Goldbogen, J. A. ; Cade, D. E. ; Calambokidis, J. ; ...
Source: PNAS 116 (50) 25329-25332 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1914273116

[PDF-2.50 MB]

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Details:

Journal Title:

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Personal Author:

Goldbogen, J. A. ; Cade, D. E. ; Calambokidis, J. ; Czapanskiy, M. F. ; Fahlbusch, J. ; ... More +

Goldbogen, J. A. ; Cade, D. E. ; Calambokidis, J. ; Czapanskiy, M. F. ; Fahlbusch, J. ; Friedlaender, A. S. ; Gough, W. T. ; Kahane-Rapport, S. R. ; Savoca, M. S. ; Ponganis, K. V. ; Ponganis, P. J. Less -
NOAA Program & Office:

NOS (National Ocean Service) ; ONMS (Office of National Marine Sanctuaries) ; NMFS (National Marine Fisheries Service) ; OMAO (Office of Marine and Aviation Operations) ; CIMEC (Cooperative Institute for Marine Ecosystems and Climate)

NOS (National Ocean Service) ; ONMS (Office of National Marine Sanctuaries) ; NMFS (National Marine Fisheries Service) ; OMAO (Office of Marine and Aviation Operations) ; CIMEC (Cooperative Institute for Marine Ecosystems and Climate) Less -
Description:

The biology of the blue whale has long fascinated physiologists because of the animal's extreme size. Despite high energetic demands from a large body, low mass-specific metabolic rates are likely powered by low heart rates. Diving bradycardia should slow blood oxygen depletion and enhance dive time available for foraging at depth. However, blue whales exhibit a high-cost feeding mechanism, lunge feeding, whereby large volumes of prey-laden water are intermittently engulfed and filtered during dives. This paradox of such a large, slowly beating heart and the high cost of lunge feeding represents a unique test of our understanding of cardiac function, hemodynamics, and physiological limits to body size. Here, we used an electrocardiogram (ECG)-depth recorder tag to measure blue whale heart rates during foraging dives as deep as 184 mand as long as 16.5 min. Heart rates during dives were typically 4 to 8 beats min(-1) (bpm) and as low as 2 bpm, while after-dive surface heart rates were 25 to 37 bpm, near the estimated maximum heart rate possible. Despite extreme bradycardia, we recorded a 2.5-fold increase above diving heart rate minima during the powered ascent phase of feeding lunges followed by a gradual decrease of heart rate during the prolonged glide as engulfed water is filtered. These heart rate dynamics explain the unique hemodynamic design in rorqual whales consisting of a large-diameter, highly compliant, elastic aortic arch that allows the aorta to accommodate blood ejected by the heart and maintain blood flow during the long and variable pauses between heartbeats.
Keywords:

[+]

Blue Whale Body-size Cardiac Function Dive Response Diving Heart-rate Heart Rate Mass Mechanics Scaling Science Technology Whale
Source:

PNAS 116 (50) 25329-25332 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1914273116
DOI:

https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1914273116
Pubmed ID:

31767746
Pubmed Central ID:

PMC6911174
Document Type:

Journal Article
Funding:

Permit no. 16111 ; Permit no. 2017-007-009

Permit no. 16111 ; Permit no. 2017-007-009 Less -
Rights Information:

Other
Compliance:

PMC
Main Document Checksum:

[+]

urn:sha256:8f11d06a49c4cffdeddeb8072054f9ae47838ab221f3eaeab5888bedfbd3bb1f
Download URL:

https://repository.library.noaa.gov/view/noaa/29090/noaa_29090_DS1.pdf
File Type:

Available dataset

htm

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