Understanding the sources and evolution of aerosols is crucial for constraining the impacts that aerosols have on a global scale. An unanswered question in atmospheric science is the source and evolution of the Antarctic aerosol population. Previous work over the continent has primarily utilized low temporal resolution aerosol filters to answer questions about the chemical composition of Antarctic aerosols. Bulk aerosol sampling has been useful in identifying seasonal cycles in the aerosol populations, especially in populations that have been attributed to Southern Ocean phytoplankton emissions. However, real-time, high-resolution chemical composition data are necessary to identify the mechanisms and exact timing of changes in the Antarctic aerosol. The recent 2ODIAC (2-Season Ozone Depletion and Interaction with Aerosols Campaign) field campaign saw the first ever deployment of a real-time, high-resolution aerosol mass spectrometer (SP-AMS - soot particle aerosol mass spectrometer -or AMS) to the continent. Data obtained from the AMS, and a suite of other aerosol, gas-phase, and meteorological instruments, are presented here. In particular, this paper focuses on the aerosol population over coastal Antarctica and the evolution of that population in austral spring. Results indicate that there exists a sulfate mode in Antarctica that is externally mixed with a mass mode vacuum aerodynamic diameter of 250 nm. Springtime increases in sulfate aerosol are observed and attributed to biogenic sources, in agreement with previous research identifying phytoplankton activity as the source of the aerosol. Furthermore, the total Antarctic aerosol population is shown to undergo three distinct phases during the winter to summer transition. The first phase is dominated by highly aged sulfate particles comprising the majority of the aerosol mass at low wind speed. The second phase, previously unidentified, is the generation of a sub-250 nm aerosol population of unknown composition. The second phase appears as a transitional phase during the extended polar sunrise. The third phase is marked by an increased importance of biogenically derived sulfate to the total aerosol population (photolysis of dimethyl sulfate and methanesulfonic acid (DMS and MSA)). The increased importance of MSA is identified both through the direct, real-time measurement of aerosol MSA and through the use of positive matrix factorization on the sulfur-containing ions in the high-resolution mass-spectral data. Given the importance of sub-250 nm particles, the aforementioned second phase suggests that early austral spring is the season where new particle formation mechanisms are likely to have the largest contribution to the aerosol population in Antarctica.
Lerner, B. M.; Gilman, J. B.; Aikin, K. C.; Atlas, E. L.; Goldan, P. D.; Graus, M.; Hendershot, R.; Isaacman-VanWertz, G. A.; Koss, A.; Kuster, W. C.; Lueb, R. A.; McLaughlin, R. J.; Peischl, J.; Sueper, D.; Ryerson, T. B.; Tokarek, T. W.; Warneke, C.; Yuan, B.; de Gouw, J. A.;
Volatile organic compounds were quantified during two aircraft-based field campaigns using highly automated, whole air samplers with expedited post-flight analysis via a new custom-built, field-deployable gas chromatography-mass spectrometry instrume...
Tevlin, A. G.; Li, Y.; Collett, J. L.; McDuffie, E. E.; Fischer, E. V.; Murphy, J. G.;
Published Date:
2017
Source:
Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, 122(22), 12468-12487.
Description:
Ammonia (NH3) mixing ratios were measured between the surface and 280m aboveground level from a moveable carriage at the Boulder Atmospheric Observatory tower in summer 2014 as part of the Front Range Air Pollution and Photochemistry Experiment. The ...
Colette, A.; Andersson, C.; Manders, A.; Mar, K.; Mircea, M.; Pay, M. T.; Raffort, V.; Tsyro, S.; Cuvelier, C.; Adani, M.; Bessagnet, B.; Bergstrom, R.; Briganti, G.; Butler, T.; Cappelletti, A.; Couvidat, F.; D'Isidoro, M.; Doumbia, T.; Fagerli, H.; Granier, C.; Heyes, C.; Klimont, Z.; Ojha, N.; Otero, N.; Schaap, M.; Sindelarova, K.; Stegehuis, A. I.; Roustan, Y.; Vautard, R.; van Meijgaard, E.; Vivanco, M. G.; Wind, P.;
Published Date:
2017
Source:
Geoscientific Model Development, 10(9), 3255-3276.
Description:
The EURODELTA-Trends multi-model chemistry-transport experiment has been designed to facilitate a better understanding of the evolution of air pollution and its drivers for the period 1990-2010 in Europe. The main objective of the experiment is to as...
We describe the University of Colorado mobile Solar Occultation Flux instrument (CU mobile SOF). The instrument consists of a digital mobile solar tracker that is coupled to a Fourier transform spectrometer (FTS) of 0.5 cm (-1) resolution and a UV-vi...
Sayers, M. J.; Grimm, A. G.; Shuchman, R. A.; Bosse, K. R.; Fahnenstiel, G. L.; Ruberg, S. A.; Leshkevich, G. A.;
Published Date:
2019
Source:
Journal of Great Lakes Research, 45(3), 508-521.
Description:
Blooms of harmful cyanobacteria (cyanoHABs) have occurred on an annual basis in western Lake Erie for more than a decade. Previously, we developed and validated an algorithm to map the extent of the submerged and surface scum components of cyanoHABs ...
Hill, M. C.; Bendlin, A. R.; Van Cise, A. M.; Milette-Winfree, A.; Ligon, A. D.; Ü, A. C.; Deakos, M. H.; Oleson, E. M.;
Published Date:
2019
Source:
Marine Mammal Science, 35(3), 797-824.
Description:
Abstract Little is known about short-finned pilot whales (Globicephala macrorhynchus) in the western North Pacific outside of Japanese coastal waters. To expand understanding of short-finned pilot whale ecology in the region, we conducted small-boat ...
Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, 9(1), 627-646.
Description:
Low and high clouds of shallow extent, especially stratocumulus and even more so for high-level cirrus clouds that reside where vertical resolution is particularly coarse, are poorly represented in large-scale models such as global climate models and...
Butler, A. H.; Sjoberg, J. P.; Seidel, D. J.; Rosenlof, K. H.;
Published Date:
2017
Source:
Earth System Science Data, 9(1), 63-76.
Description:
Major, sudden midwinter stratospheric warmings (SSWs) are large and rapid temperature increases in the winter polar stratosphere are associated with a complete reversal of the climatological westerly winds (i.e., the polar vortex). These extreme even...
Jensen, E. J.; Karcher, B.; Ueyama, R.; Pfister, L.; Bui, T. V.; Diskin, G. S.; DiGangi, J. P.; Woods, S.; Lawson, R. P.; Froyd, K. D.; Murphy, D. M.;
Published Date:
2018
Source:
Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, 123(21), 12210-12227.
Description:
Recent laboratory experiments have advanced our understanding of heterogeneous ice nucleation at low temperatures. We use these laboratory results, along with field measurements of aerosol composition, to constrain a parameterization of heterogeneous...
Stauffer, R. M.; Thompson, A. M.; Oltmans, S. J.; Johnson, B. J.;
Published Date:
2017
Source:
Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, 122(2), 1261-1280.
Description:
Much attention has been focused on the transport of ozone (O-3) to the western U.S., particularly given the latest revision of the National Ambient Air Quality Standard to 70 parts per billion by volume (ppbv) of O-3. This makes quantifying the contr...
Jathar, S. H.; Heppding, C.; Link, M. F.; Farmer, D. K.; Akherati, A.; Kleeman, M. J.; de Gouw, J. A.; Veres, P. R.; Roberts, J. M.;
Published Date:
2017
Source:
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 17(14), 8959-8970.
Description:
Isocyanic acid (HNCO), an acidic gas found in tobacco smoke, urban environments, and biomass-burning-affected regions, has been linked to adverse health outcomes. Gasoline-and diesel-powered engines and biomass burning are known to emit HNCO and hypo...
Barkley, H. C.; Cohen, A. L.; Mollica, N. R.; Brainard, R. E.; Rivera, H. E.; DeCarlo, T. M.; Lohmann, G. P.; Drenkard, E. J.; Alpert, A. E.; Young, C. W.; Vargas-Ángel, B.; Lino, K. C.; Oliver, T. A.; Pietro, K. R.; Luu, V. H.;
Published Date:
2018
Source:
Communications Biology, 1(1), 177.
Description:
The oceans are warming and coral reefs are bleaching with increased frequency and severity, fueling concerns for their survival through this century. Yet in the central equatorial Pacific, some of the world’s most productive reefs regularly experie...
Yuan, B.; Coggon, M. M.; Koss, A. R.; Warneke, C.; Eilerman, S.; Peischl, J.; Aikin, K. C.; Ryerson, T. B.; de Gouw, J. A.;
Published Date:
2017
Source:
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 17(8), 4945-4956.
Description:
Concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) emit a large number of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to the atmosphere. In this study, we conducted mobile laboratory measurements of VOCs, methane (CH4) and ammonia (NH3) downwind of dairy cattle, b...
Observations of atmospheric trace gases in the tropical upper troposphere (UT), tropical tropopause layer (TTL), and lower stratosphere (LS) require dedicated measurement platforms and instrumentation. Here we present a new limb-scanning Differential...
Palm, B. B.; Campuzano-Jost, P.; Day, D. A.; Ortega, A. M.; Fry, J. L.; Brown, S. S.; Zarzana, K. J.; Dube, W.; Wagner, N. L.; Draper, D. C.; Kaser, L.; Jud, W.; Karl, T.; Hansel, A.; Gutierrez-Montes, C.; Jimenez, J. L.;
Published Date:
2017
Source:
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 17(8), 5331-5354.
Description:
Ambient pine forest air was oxidized by OH, O-3, or NO3 radicals using an oxidation flow reactor (OFR) during the BEACHON-RoMBAS (Bio-hydro-atmosphere interactions of Energy, Aerosols, Carbon, H2O, Organics and Nitrogen - Rocky Mountain Biogenic Aero...
Long, C. S.; Fujiwara, M.; Davis, S.; Mitchell, D. M.; Wright, C. J.;
Published Date:
2017
Source:
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 17(23), 14593-14629.
Description:
Two of the most basic parameters generated from a reanalysis are temperature and winds. Temperatures in the reanalyses are derived from conventional (surface and balloon), aircraft, and satellite observations. Winds are observed by conventional syste...
Perring, A. E.; Schwarz, J. P.; Markovic, M. Z.; Fahey, D. W.; Jimenez, J. L.; Campuzano-Jost, P.; Palm, B. D.; Wisthaler, A.; Mikoviny, T.; Diskin, G.; Sachse, G.; Ziemba, L.; Anderson, B.; Shingler, T.; Crosbie, E.; Sorooshian, A.; Yokelson, R.; Gao, R. S.;
Published Date:
2017
Source:
Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, 122(2), 1086-1097.
Description:
Water uptake by black carbon (BC)-containing aerosol was quantified in North American wildfire plumes of varying age (1 to similar to 40 h old) sampled during the SEAC(4)RS mission (2013). A Humidified Dual SP2 (HD-SP2) is used to optically size BC-c...
Miller, C. C.; Jacob, D. J.; Marais, E. A.; Yu, K. R.; Travis, K. R.; Kim, P. S.; Fisher, J. A.; Zhu, L.; Wolfe, G. M.; Hanisco, T. F.; Keutsch, F. N.; Kaiser, J.; Min, K. E.; Brown, S. S.; Washenfelder, R. A.; Abad, G. G.; Chance, K.;
Published Date:
2017
Source:
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 17(14), 8725-8738.
Description:
Glyoxal (CHOCHO) is produced in the atmosphere by the oxidation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Like formaldehyde (HCHO), another VOC oxidation product, it is measurable from space by solar backscatter. Isoprene emitted by vegetation is the dom...
Bruhwiler, L. M.; Basu, S.; Bergamaschi, P.; Bousquet, P.; Dlugokencky, E.; Houweling, S.; Ishizawa, M.; Kim, H. S.; Locatelli, R.; Maksyutov, S.; Montzka, S.; Pandey, S.; Patra, P. K.; Petron, G.; Saunois, M.; Sweeney, C.; Schwietzke, S.; Tans, P.; Weatherhead, E. C.;
Published Date:
2017
Source:
Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, 122(7), 4070-4083.
Description:
Recent studies have proposed significant increases in CH4 emissions possibly from oil and gas (O&G) production, especially for the U.S. where O&G production has reached historically high levels over the past decade. In this study, we show that an ens...
Thornberry, T. D.; Rollins, A. W.; Avery, M. A.; Woods, S.; Lawson, R. P.; Bui, T. V.; Gao, R. S.;
Published Date:
2017
Source:
Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, 122(8), 4494-4507.
Description:
The NASA Airborne Tropical Tropopause Experiment (ATTREX) deployment in January-March 2014 yielded more than 34h of cirrus cloud sampling in the tropical tropopause layer (TTL) over the western Pacific. Cirrus were encountered throughout the TTL, at ...
Reactive nitrogen (Nr = NO, NO2, HONO) and volatile organic carbon emissions from oil and gas extraction activities play a major role in wintertime ground-level ozone exceedance events of up to 140 ppb in the Uintah Basin in eastern Utah. Such events...