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Showing 101 - 120 of 185 results

Enhanced persistence of Ural blocking under strong positive AO: the role of North Atlantic storm tracks and potential vorticity dynamics

Ku, Ho-Young ;

Noh, Hayeon

2026 | npj Climate and Atmospheric Science, 9(1) | PDF

Ural blocking (UB) and the associated Warm Arctic–Cold Eurasia (WACE) pattern are typically linked to the negative Arctic Oscillation (AO). However, robust UB events are surprisingly observed even during the positive AO phase, a condition generally expected to suppress blocking due to enhanced zonal flow. This study investigates how positive AO mag ...

06/08/2026

Title : Enhanced persistence of Ural blocking under strong positive AO: the role of North Atlantic storm tracks and potential vorticity dynamics Personal Author(s) : Ku, Ho-Young;Noh, Hayeon;Wang, Muyin;Overland, James;Kim, Seong-Joong;Kim, Baek-Min; Published Date : 2026 Source : npj Climate and Atmospheric Science, 9(1) DOI : https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-026-01384-x Journal Title : npj Climate and Atmospheric Science Ku, Ho-Young et al. (2026). Enhanced persistence of Ural blocking under strong positive AO: the role of North Atlantic storm tracks and potential vorticity dynamics. 9(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-026-01384-x Ku, Ho-Young et al. "Enhanced persistence of Ural blocking under strong positive AO: the role of North Atlantic storm tracks and potential vorticity dynamics" 9, no. 1 (2026), https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-026-01384-x Ku, Ho-Young et al. "Enhanced persistence of Ural blocking under strong positive AO: the role of North Atlantic storm tracks and potential vorticity dynamics" vol. 9, no. 1, 2026, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-026-01384-x Export RIS Citation Information. TY - AU - Ku, Ho-Young AU - Noh, Hayeon AU - Wang, Muyin AU - Overland, James AU - Kim, Seong-Joong AU - Kim, Baek-Min AB - Ural blocking (UB) and the associated Warm Arctic–Cold Eurasia (WACE) pattern are typically linked to the negative Arctic Oscillation (AO). However, robust UB events are surprisingly observed even during the positive AO phase, a condition generally expected to suppress blocking due to enhanced zonal flow. This study investigates how positive AO magnitude modulates UB persistence. We find that under strong positive AO conditions (AO > +1), UB events persist significantly longer (6.1 days) than weak positive AO (4.7 days). This enhanced persistence results from organized North Atlantic storm tracks that facilitate intense heat and moisture into the Barents–Kara Sea. The resulting Arctic warming and sea ice loss trigger a thermodynamic feedback loop that weakens the meridional potential vorticity (PV) gradient, effectively anchoring the UB system. Our findings reveal that strong positive AO paradoxically promotes persistent blocking through storm-PV coupling, offering critical insights for improving sub-seasonal predictions of Eurasian winter extremes. AN - noaa:73553 DO - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-026-01384-x IS - 1 J2 - npj Climate and Atmospheric Science PB - Springer Science and Business Media LLC PY - 2026 T2 - npj Climate and Atmospheric Science T2 - npj Climate and Atmospheric Science, 9(1) TI - Enhanced persistence of Ural blocking under strong positive AO: the role of North Atlantic storm tracks and potential vorticity dynamics VL - 9 UR - https://repository.library.noaa.gov/view/noaa/73553 ER -
Highly and Lowly Domesticated Endangered Fish From a Conservation Hatchery Diverge in Their Thermal Physiology, Transcriptome, and Methylome

Griffiths, Joanna S.

;

Finger, Amanda J.

2026 | Evolutionary Applications, 19(3) | PDF

Conservation hatcheries aim to produce fish for supplementation of wild populations, but hatchery environments may drive phenotypic divergence from wild fish. These diverged traits may have reduced fitness in the wild, which could compromise wild population sustainability and evolutionary potential, such as in response to climate change. Delta Smel ...

06/08/2026

Title : Highly and Lowly Domesticated Endangered Fish From a Conservation Hatchery Diverge in Their Thermal Physiology, Transcriptome, and Methylome Personal Author(s) : Griffiths, Joanna S.;Finger, Amanda J.;Baerwald, Melinda R.;Rahman, Md Moshiur;Hung, Tien‐Chieh;Fangue, Nann A.;Whitehead, Andrew; Published Date : 2026 Source : Evolutionary Applications, 19(3) DOI : https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.70220 Journal Title : Evolutionary Applications Griffiths, Joanna S. et al. (2026). Highly and Lowly Domesticated Endangered Fish From a Conservation Hatchery Diverge in Their Thermal Physiology, Transcriptome, and Methylome. 19(3). https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.70220 Griffiths, Joanna S. et al. "Highly and Lowly Domesticated Endangered Fish From a Conservation Hatchery Diverge in Their Thermal Physiology, Transcriptome, and Methylome" 19, no. 3 (2026), https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.70220 Griffiths, Joanna S. et al. "Highly and Lowly Domesticated Endangered Fish From a Conservation Hatchery Diverge in Their Thermal Physiology, Transcriptome, and Methylome" vol. 19, no. 3, 2026, https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.70220 Export RIS Citation Information. TY - AU - Griffiths, Joanna S. AU - Finger, Amanda J. AU - Baerwald, Melinda R. AU - Rahman, Md Moshiur AU - Hung, Tien‐Chieh AU - Fangue, Nann A. AU - Whitehead, Andrew AB - Conservation hatcheries aim to produce fish for supplementation of wild populations, but hatchery environments may drive phenotypic divergence from wild fish. These diverged traits may have reduced fitness in the wild, which could compromise wild population sustainability and evolutionary potential, such as in response to climate change. Delta Smelt are a critically endangered fish species that are safeguarded against extinction with a hatchery refuge population. We investigated whether elevated rearing temperature through larval development adjusted upper thermal tolerance limits (acclimation) in Delta Smelt, whether upper thermal tolerance and plasticity (acclimation ability) differed between fish with old or recent hatchery ancestry (high or low domestication index; DI), and temperature and DI effects on liver transcriptome and methylome patterns. We observed that elevated rearing temperatures induced higher thermal tolerance (acclimation). Individuals with higher DI also had higher upper thermal tolerances, but high DI families had reduced thermal plasticity between rearing temperatures. This is consistent with domestication causing heritable elevation of upper thermal tolerance but at the cost of reduced thermal plasticity. High and low DI fish were differentiated in both genetic variation and methylome variation, suggesting the influence of both during domestication. But methylome differences distinguishing high and low DI fish did not overlap with temperature-induced methylome changes and do not appear to be stably inherited in the hatchery. We conclude that domestication selection has altered thermal physiology within the refuge hatchery despite careful genetic management, underpinned by shifts in the transcriptome and methylome. These changes could affect Delta Smelt fitness upon reintroduction to habitats that continue to warm, and show that physiological traits can diverge even within carefully genetically managed hatchery populations. AN - noaa:73552 DO - https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.70220 IS - 3 J2 - Evolutionary Applications PB - Wiley PY - 2026 T2 - Evolutionary Applications T2 - Evolutionary Applications, 19(3) TI - Highly and Lowly Domesticated Endangered Fish From a Conservation Hatchery Diverge in Their Thermal Physiology, Transcriptome, and Methylome VL - 19 UR - https://repository.library.noaa.gov/view/noaa/73552 ER -
Turbulence and Cloudiness in Cumulus-Topped Marine Boundary Layers

Ghate, Virendra P.

;

Turner, David D.

2026 | Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology, 65(5), 761-777 | PDF

Turbulence and cloudiness in cumulus-topped marine boundary layers are studied using data from the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Eastern North Atlantic (ENA) site. The analysis includes eight periods of nonprecipitating shallow cumulus clouds, spanning 141 h and encompassing 603 individual clouds. On average, the cumulus had bases at 558 ...

06/08/2026

Title : Turbulence and Cloudiness in Cumulus-Topped Marine Boundary Layers Personal Author(s) : Ghate, Virendra P.;Turner, David D.;Mechem, David B.;Gero, Jonathan;Larson, Vincent E.;Kleiss, Jessica M.; Published Date : 2026 Source : Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology, 65(5), 761-777 DOI : https://doi.org/10.1175/JAMC-D-25-0132.1 Journal Title : Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology Ghate, Virendra P. et al. (2026). Turbulence and Cloudiness in Cumulus-Topped Marine Boundary Layers. 65(5). https://doi.org/10.1175/JAMC-D-25-0132.1 Ghate, Virendra P. et al. "Turbulence and Cloudiness in Cumulus-Topped Marine Boundary Layers" 65, no. 5 (2026), https://doi.org/10.1175/JAMC-D-25-0132.1 Ghate, Virendra P. et al. "Turbulence and Cloudiness in Cumulus-Topped Marine Boundary Layers" vol. 65, no. 5, 2026, https://doi.org/10.1175/JAMC-D-25-0132.1 Export RIS Citation Information. TY - AU - Ghate, Virendra P. AU - Turner, David D. AU - Mechem, David B. AU - Gero, Jonathan AU - Larson, Vincent E. AU - Kleiss, Jessica M. AB - Turbulence and cloudiness in cumulus-topped marine boundary layers are studied using data from the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Eastern North Atlantic (ENA) site. The analysis includes eight periods of nonprecipitating shallow cumulus clouds, spanning 141 h and encompassing 603 individual clouds. On average, the cumulus had bases at 558 m, were 99 m thick, had a chord length of 500 m, and exhibited an hourly base-layer cloudiness of 12%. Changes in cloud fraction were primarily driven by variations in cloud number not chord length. High-resolution Doppler lidar and cloud radar observations were used to estimate updraft and downdraft mass fluxes in the cumulus base layer under both clear and cloudy regions. Cloudy updrafts contributed only ∼23% of the total updraft mass flux at cloud base, indicating that most upward mass flux originated from clear-air eddies. Updraft strength, rather than updraft fraction, was found to predominantly control both clear and cloudy updraft mass fluxes. Cloud-base cloudiness strongly correlated with cloudy updraft mass flux but showed negligible correlation with clear-air updraft mass flux. Clear-air downdraft mass flux exhibited a strong relationship with the ratio of surface buoyancy to inversion strength. Mesoscale analysis revealed that moist patches had greater cloudiness, updraft mass flux, and vertical velocity variance compared to dry patches. Additionally, mesoscale base-layer cloud fraction was highly and significantly correlated with cloudy updraft mass flux in both dry and moist environments. Results presented herein have implications for cumulus parameterization development along with climatological and model evaluation studies conducted at the ENA site. AN - noaa:73551 DO - https://doi.org/10.1175/JAMC-D-25-0132.1 IS - 5 J2 - Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology PB - American Meteorological Society PY - 2026 T2 - Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology T2 - Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology, 65(5), 761-777 TI - Turbulence and Cloudiness in Cumulus-Topped Marine Boundary Layers VL - 65 UR - https://repository.library.noaa.gov/view/noaa/73551 ER -
Temperature Inversions below 1 km from a V-Band Scanning Radiometer at the North Slope of Alaska

Cadeddu, Maria P. ;

Turner, David D.

2026 | Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, 43(5), 619-635 | PDF

A single-channel (56.7 GHz) scanning radiometer was deployed in August 2022 at the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) North Slope of Alaska site near Utqiaġvik. The radiometer is designed to provide temperature profiles between 0 and 1 km every 5 min. Averaging kernels show that this single-channel radiometer, taking observations at 10 discret ...

06/08/2026

Title : Temperature Inversions below 1 km from a V-Band Scanning Radiometer at the North Slope of Alaska Personal Author(s) : Cadeddu, Maria P.;Turner, David D.;Schmitt, Carl;Stuefer, Martin; Published Date : 2026 Source : Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, 43(5), 619-635 DOI : https://doi.org/10.1175/JTECH-D-25-0005.1 Journal Title : Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology Cadeddu, Maria P. et al. (2026). Temperature Inversions below 1 km from a V-Band Scanning Radiometer at the North Slope of Alaska. 43(5). https://doi.org/10.1175/JTECH-D-25-0005.1 Cadeddu, Maria P. et al. "Temperature Inversions below 1 km from a V-Band Scanning Radiometer at the North Slope of Alaska" 43, no. 5 (2026), https://doi.org/10.1175/JTECH-D-25-0005.1 Cadeddu, Maria P. et al. "Temperature Inversions below 1 km from a V-Band Scanning Radiometer at the North Slope of Alaska" vol. 43, no. 5, 2026, https://doi.org/10.1175/JTECH-D-25-0005.1 Export RIS Citation Information. TY - AU - Cadeddu, Maria P. AU - Turner, David D. AU - Schmitt, Carl AU - Stuefer, Martin AB - A single-channel (56.7 GHz) scanning radiometer was deployed in August 2022 at the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) North Slope of Alaska site near Utqiaġvik. The radiometer is designed to provide temperature profiles between 0 and 1 km every 5 min. Averaging kernels show that this single-channel radiometer, taking observations at 10 discrete elevation angles, yields approximately the same information as a seven-channel V-band radiometer scanning three elevation angles. The instrument is able to reproduce the occurrence of temperature inversions between the surface and 1 km and their strength showing a correlation of 0.85, bias of −0.6 K, and slope of 1.04 with respect to radiosondes. Uncertainty in the inversion base height varies from 50 m near the surface to ∼300 m above 0.4 km when compared with radiosondes. Conversely, the inversion top height is overestimated and has higher uncertainty due to the degrading effects of the averaging kernels on the vertical resolution of the retrievals. Thanks to the high temporal resolution of the retrievals, the diurnal cycle of boundary layer temperature was evaluated showing that the radiometer can capture some aspects of the boundary layer thermal structure. The present analysis provides an overview of the capabilities of this simple observing configuration for selected applications. AN - noaa:73550 DO - https://doi.org/10.1175/JTECH-D-25-0005.1 IS - 5 J2 - Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology PB - American Meteorological Society PY - 2026 T2 - Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology T2 - Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, 43(5), 619-635 TI - Temperature Inversions below 1 km from a V-Band Scanning Radiometer at the North Slope of Alaska VL - 43 UR - https://repository.library.noaa.gov/view/noaa/73550 ER -
Potential thermal habitat shifts of reef-associated species in response to projected bottom warming along the US Atlantic Coast

Troast, Brittany

;

Kim, Dongmin

2026 | Marine Ecology Progress Series, 785, 1-15 | PDF

Future ocean conditions will likely alter habitat suitability for many species, potentially resulting in range shifts. Climate models simulate environmental conditions under climate scenarios and serve as a valuable tool for projecting future changes in habitat suitability. Here, we use ocean bottom temperature patterns from a multi-model ensemble ...

06/08/2026

Title : Potential thermal habitat shifts of reef-associated species in response to projected bottom warming along the US Atlantic Coast Personal Author(s) : Troast, Brittany;Kim, Dongmin;Craig, Kevin;Gomez, Fabian;Turley, Brendan Douglas;Karnauskas, Mandy;Kelble, Christopher; Published Date : 2026 Source : Marine Ecology Progress Series, 785, 1-15 DOI : https://doi.org/10.3354/meps15116 Journal Title : Marine Ecology Progress Series Troast, Brittany et al. (2026). Potential thermal habitat shifts of reef-associated species in response to projected bottom warming along the US Atlantic Coast. 785https://doi.org/10.3354/meps15116 Troast, Brittany et al. "Potential thermal habitat shifts of reef-associated species in response to projected bottom warming along the US Atlantic Coast" 785 (2026), https://doi.org/10.3354/meps15116 Troast, Brittany et al. "Potential thermal habitat shifts of reef-associated species in response to projected bottom warming along the US Atlantic Coast" vol. 785, 2026, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps15116 Export RIS Citation Information. TY - AU - Troast, Brittany AU - Kim, Dongmin AU - Craig, Kevin AU - Gomez, Fabian AU - Turley, Brendan Douglas AU - Karnauskas, Mandy AU - Kelble, Christopher AB - Future ocean conditions will likely alter habitat suitability for many species, potentially resulting in range shifts. Climate models simulate environmental conditions under climate scenarios and serve as a valuable tool for projecting future changes in habitat suitability. Here, we use ocean bottom temperature patterns from a multi-model ensemble mean of 6 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) models for ‘low’, ‘medium’, and ‘high’ emission socioeconomic climate scenarios (SSP2-4.5, SSP3-7.0, SSP5-8.5) to estimate changes in thermal habitat availability for 6 commercially important fish species along the US Atlantic coast from 2015 to 2100. Thermal preferences were derived from survey data, and modeled bottom temperatures were adjusted to better reflect observed habitat conditions. Projections indicated declines in suitable thermal habitat for all species, although rates varied, with poleward shifts in northern range edges evident by the end of the century. Projected changes in suitable thermal habitat are likely to contribute to shifts in species distributions, which may require fisheries management bodies to co-develop strategies that address the reorganization of marine ecosystems under climate change. Enhancing model resolution and accounting for regional factors should significantly improve these predictions, allowing for the use of robust species distribution models. AN - noaa:73549 DO - https://doi.org/10.3354/meps15116 J2 - Marine Ecology Progress Series PB - Inter-Research Science Center PY - 2026 T2 - Marine Ecology Progress Series T2 - Marine Ecology Progress Series, 785, 1-15 TI - Potential thermal habitat shifts of reef-associated species in response to projected bottom warming along the US Atlantic Coast VL - 785 UR - https://repository.library.noaa.gov/view/noaa/73549 ER -
Assessing ice risks for offshore wind development in the Great Lakes

Javaherian, M. Javad

;

Abdelhady, Hazem

2026 | Ocean Engineering, 357, 125327 | PDF

The Laurentian Great Lakes represent a vast and largely untapped potential for offshore wind energy that is crucial for regional decarbonization, energy security, and economic development. However, seasonal freshwater ice introduces unique engineering and operational risks, especially since limited availability of ice data poses challenges to safe ...

06/08/2026

Title : Assessing ice risks for offshore wind development in the Great Lakes Personal Author(s) : Javaherian, M. Javad;Abdelhady, Hazem;Cannon, David;Wang, Jia;Fujisaki-Manome, Ayumi;Zuo, Lei; Published Date : 2026 Source : Ocean Engineering, 357, 125327 DOI : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2026.125327 Journal Title : Ocean Engineering Javaherian, M. Javad et al. (2026). Assessing ice risks for offshore wind development in the Great Lakes. 357https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2026.125327 Javaherian, M. Javad et al. "Assessing ice risks for offshore wind development in the Great Lakes" 357 (2026), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2026.125327 Javaherian, M. Javad et al. "Assessing ice risks for offshore wind development in the Great Lakes" vol. 357, 2026, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2026.125327 Export RIS Citation Information. TY - AU - Javaherian, M. Javad AU - Abdelhady, Hazem AU - Cannon, David AU - Wang, Jia AU - Fujisaki-Manome, Ayumi AU - Zuo, Lei AB - The Laurentian Great Lakes represent a vast and largely untapped potential for offshore wind energy that is crucial for regional decarbonization, energy security, and economic development. However, seasonal freshwater ice introduces unique engineering and operational risks, especially since limited availability of ice data poses challenges to safe and cost-effective design. To address this gap, we apply a fully coupled three-dimensional hydrodynamic-ice model (FVCOM–CICE) to simulate ice conditions across all five Great Lakes over an 83-year period (1940–2022). The model, validated against satellite and in-situ measurements, yields detailed spatial and temporal distributions of ice concentration, thickness, and velocity. To provide an integrated assessment for wind energy development, a composite ice intensity index is introduced by synthesizing ice momentum, packed ice risk, and icing severity. This index enables site-specific quantification of overall ice hazards to support more robust wind turbine siting, design, and risk mitigation. A case study is also presented to demonstrate practical applications of simulated ice data in evaluating ISO/IEC design ice load limits on offshore wind platforms. Results reveal that extreme ice hazards are prevalent in Lake Erie, Lake Huron, and parts of Lake Superior, while Lake Ontario and central and southern regions of Lake Michigan exhibit consistently lower ice risks. This paper offers a foundation for resilient offshore wind infrastructure and supports multi-criteria decision frameworks in this region. AN - noaa:73548 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2026.125327 J2 - Ocean Engineering PB - Elsevier BV PY - 2026 T2 - Ocean Engineering T2 - Ocean Engineering, 357, 125327 TI - Assessing ice risks for offshore wind development in the Great Lakes VL - 357 UR - https://repository.library.noaa.gov/view/noaa/73548 ER -
Connecting solar wind turbulence to plasma parameters at L1 using multi-spacecraft coherence

Pelkum Donahue, K.

;

Inceoglu, F.

2026 | Astronomy & Astrophysics, 705, A133 | PDF

Solar wind propagation behavior has significant implications for solar wind forecasting and measurements. Variability in coherence and plasma turbulence under different plasma conditions is important for cross-satellite comparisons. Forecasting also depends on whether upstream measurements remain valid at the magnetosphere.

06/08/2026

Title : Connecting solar wind turbulence to plasma parameters at L1 using multi-spacecraft coherence Personal Author(s) : Pelkum Donahue, K.;Inceoglu, F.; Published Date : 2026 Source : Astronomy & Astrophysics, 705, A133 DOI : https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202557052 Journal Title : Astronomy & Astrophysics Pelkum Donahue, K. and Inceoglu, F. (2026). Connecting solar wind turbulence to plasma parameters at L1 using multi-spacecraft coherence. 705https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202557052 Pelkum Donahue, K. and Inceoglu, F. "Connecting solar wind turbulence to plasma parameters at L1 using multi-spacecraft coherence" 705 (2026), https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202557052 Pelkum Donahue, K. and Inceoglu, F. "Connecting solar wind turbulence to plasma parameters at L1 using multi-spacecraft coherence" vol. 705, 2026, https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202557052 Export RIS Citation Information. TY - AU - Pelkum Donahue, K. AU - Inceoglu, F. AB - Solar wind propagation behavior has significant implications for solar wind forecasting and measurements. Variability in coherence and plasma turbulence under different plasma conditions is important for cross-satellite comparisons. Forecasting also depends on whether upstream measurements remain valid at the magnetosphere. AN - noaa:73547 DO - https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202557052 J2 - Astronomy & Astrophysics PB - EDP Sciences PY - 2026 T2 - Astronomy & Astrophysics T2 - Astronomy & Astrophysics, 705, A133 TI - Connecting solar wind turbulence to plasma parameters at L1 using multi-spacecraft coherence VL - 705 UR - https://repository.library.noaa.gov/view/noaa/73547 ER -
Synthesis of data products for ocean carbonate chemistry

Jiang, Li-Qing

;

Fay, Amanda

2026 | Earth System Science Data, 18(2), 1405-1462 | PDF

As the largest active carbon reservoir on Earth, the ocean is a cornerstone of the global carbon cycle, playing a pivotal role in modulating ocean health and the Earth's climate system. Understanding these crucial roles requires access to a broad array of data products documenting the changing chemistry of the global ocean as a vast and interconnec ...

06/08/2026

Title : Synthesis of data products for ocean carbonate chemistry Personal Author(s) : Jiang, Li-Qing;Fay, Amanda;Müller, Jens Daniel;Gregor, Luke;Roobaert, Alizée;Keppler, Lydia;Carroll, Dustin;Lauvset, Siv K.;DeVries, Tim;Hauck, Judith;Rödenbeck, Christian;Metzl, Nicolas;Fassbender, Andrea J.;Gattuso, Jean-Pierre;Landschützer, Peter;Wanninkhof, Rik;Sabine, Christopher;Alin, Simone R.;Hoppema, Mario;Olsen, Are;Humphreys, Matthew P.;Chakraborty, Kunal;Franco, Ana C.;Azetsu-Scott, Kumiko;Bakker, Dorothee C. E.;Barbero, Leticia;Bates, Nicholas R.;Besemer, Nicole;Bittig, Henry C.;Boyd, Albert E.;Broullón, Daniel;Cai, Wei-Jun;Carter, Brendan R.;Chau, Thi-Tuyet-Trang;Chen, Chen-Tung Arthur;Cyr, Frédéric;Dore, John E.;Enochs, Ian;Feely, Richard A.;Garcia, Hernan E.;Gehlen, Marion;Ghoshal, Prasanna Kanti;Gloege, Lucas;González-Dávila, Melchor;Gruber, Nicolas;Ianson, Debby;Iida, Yosuke;Ishii, Masao;Joshi, Apurva Padamnabh;Kennedy, Esther;Kozyr, Alex;Lange, Nico;Lo Monaco, Claire;Manzello, Derek P.;McKinley, Galen A.;Monacci, Natalie M.;Padin, Xose A.;Palacio-Castro, Ana M.;Pérez, Fiz F.;Santana-Casiano, J. Magdalena;Sharp, Jonathan;Sutton, Adrienne;Swift, Jim;Tanhua, Toste;Telszewski, Maciej;Terhaar, Jens;van Hooidonk, Ruben;Velo, Anton;Watson, Andrew J.;White, Angelicque E.;Wu, Zelun;Xue, Liang;Yoo, Hyelim;Zeng, Jiye;Zhong, Guorong; Published Date : 2026 Source : Earth System Science Data, 18(2), 1405-1462 DOI : https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-18-1405-2026 Journal Title : Earth System Science Data Jiang, Li-Qing et al. (2026). Synthesis of data products for ocean carbonate chemistry. 18(2). https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-18-1405-2026 Jiang, Li-Qing et al. "Synthesis of data products for ocean carbonate chemistry" 18, no. 2 (2026), https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-18-1405-2026 Jiang, Li-Qing et al. "Synthesis of data products for ocean carbonate chemistry" vol. 18, no. 2, 2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-18-1405-2026 Export RIS Citation Information. TY - AU - Jiang, Li-Qing AU - Fay, Amanda AU - Müller, Jens Daniel AU - Gregor, Luke AU - Roobaert, Alizée AU - Keppler, Lydia AU - Carroll, Dustin AU - Lauvset, Siv K. AU - DeVries, Tim AU - Hauck, Judith AU - Rödenbeck, Christian AU - Metzl, Nicolas AU - Fassbender, Andrea J. AU - Gattuso, Jean-Pierre AU - Landschützer, Peter AU - Wanninkhof, Rik AU - Sabine, Christopher AU - Alin, Simone R. AU - Hoppema, Mario AU - Olsen, Are AU - Humphreys, Matthew P. AU - Chakraborty, Kunal AU - Franco, Ana C. AU - Azetsu-Scott, Kumiko AU - Bakker, Dorothee C. E. AU - Barbero, Leticia AU - Bates, Nicholas R. AU - Besemer, Nicole AU - Bittig, Henry C. AU - Boyd, Albert E. AU - Broullón, Daniel AU - Cai, Wei-Jun AU - Carter, Brendan R. AU - Chau, Thi-Tuyet-Trang AU - Chen, Chen-Tung Arthur AU - Cyr, Frédéric AU - Dore, John E. AU - Enochs, Ian AU - Feely, Richard A. AU - Garcia, Hernan E. AU - Gehlen, Marion AU - Ghoshal, Prasanna Kanti AU - Gloege, Lucas AU - González-Dávila, Melchor AU - Gruber, Nicolas AU - Ianson, Debby AU - Iida, Yosuke AU - Ishii, Masao AU - Joshi, Apurva Padamnabh AU - Kennedy, Esther AU - Kozyr, Alex AU - Lange, Nico AU - Lo Monaco, Claire AU - Manzello, Derek P. AU - McKinley, Galen A. AU - Monacci, Natalie M. AU - Padin, Xose A. AU - Palacio-Castro, Ana M. AU - Pérez, Fiz F. AU - Santana-Casiano, J. Magdalena AU - Sharp, Jonathan AU - Sutton, Adrienne AU - Swift, Jim AU - Tanhua, Toste AU - Telszewski, Maciej AU - Terhaar, Jens AU - van Hooidonk, Ruben AU - Velo, Anton AU - Watson, Andrew J. AU - White, Angelicque E. AU - Wu, Zelun AU - Xue, Liang AU - Yoo, Hyelim AU - Zeng, Jiye AU - Zhong, Guorong AB - As the largest active carbon reservoir on Earth, the ocean is a cornerstone of the global carbon cycle, playing a pivotal role in modulating ocean health and the Earth's climate system. Understanding these crucial roles requires access to a broad array of data products documenting the changing chemistry of the global ocean as a vast and interconnected system. This review article provides an overview of 68 existing ocean carbonate chemistry data products and data product sets, encompassing compilations of cruise datasets, derived gap-filled data products, model simulations, and compilations thereof. It is intended to help researchers identify and access data products that best align with their research objectives, thereby advancing our understanding of the ocean's evolving carbonate chemistry. The list will be updated periodically to incorporate new data products. The most up-to-date list is available at https://oceanco2.github.io/co2-products/ (Gregor and Jiang, 2026). AN - noaa:73546 DO - https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-18-1405-2026 IS - 2 J2 - Earth System Science Data PB - Copernicus GmbH PY - 2026 T2 - Earth System Science Data T2 - Earth System Science Data, 18(2), 1405-1462 TI - Synthesis of data products for ocean carbonate chemistry VL - 18 UR - https://repository.library.noaa.gov/view/noaa/73546 ER -
A statistical representation of oil spill fate in the Salish Sea (Part 2)

Mueller, Rachael D.

;

Allen, Susan E.

2025 | Marine Pollution Bulletin, 221, 118410 | PDF

We use a novel approach that combines Automatic Identification System (AIS) ship traffic data, state regulated oil transfer data, and a suite of numerical models to statistically represent the risk of spilled Alaska North Slope Crude, Bunker-C, and Marine Diesel under a variety of environmental conditions in an estuarine environment off the northea ...

06/08/2026

Title : A statistical representation of oil spill fate in the Salish Sea (Part 2) Personal Author(s) : Mueller, Rachael D.;Allen, Susan E.;Chang, Stephanie;Niu, Haibo;Latornell, Douglas J.;Li, Shihan;Bagshaw, Ryah;Bhudia, Ashutosh;Do, Vicky;Forysinski, Krista;Moore-Maley, Ben;Power, Cameron; Published Date : 2025 Source : Marine Pollution Bulletin, 221, 118410 DOI : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2025.118410 Journal Title : Marine Pollution Bulletin Mueller, Rachael D. et al. (2025). A statistical representation of oil spill fate in the Salish Sea (Part 2). 221https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2025.118410 Mueller, Rachael D. et al. "A statistical representation of oil spill fate in the Salish Sea (Part 2)" 221 (2025), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2025.118410 Mueller, Rachael D. et al. "A statistical representation of oil spill fate in the Salish Sea (Part 2)" vol. 221, 2025, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2025.118410 Export RIS Citation Information. TY - AU - Mueller, Rachael D. AU - Allen, Susan E. AU - Chang, Stephanie AU - Niu, Haibo AU - Latornell, Douglas J. AU - Li, Shihan AU - Bagshaw, Ryah AU - Bhudia, Ashutosh AU - Do, Vicky AU - Forysinski, Krista AU - Moore-Maley, Ben AU - Power, Cameron AB - We use a novel approach that combines Automatic Identification System (AIS) ship traffic data, state regulated oil transfer data, and a suite of numerical models to statistically represent the risk of spilled Alaska North Slope Crude, Bunker-C, and Marine Diesel under a variety of environmental conditions in an estuarine environment off the northeastern Pacific Ocean. We show the statistics of fate and transport outcomes based on 10,000 MOHID oil spill model simulations with currents, winds, and waves between January 1, 2015 and December 31, 2018. Each of the 10,000 oil spill scenarios was run individually and includes weathering from biodegradation, dissolution, dispersion, emulsification, evaporation, and spreading. Our pioneering approach captures statistical variability in seasonality, vessel traffic, spill locations, and oil types. We show that heterogeneity of 3D circulation in an estuarine environment, combined with marine traffic “footprints”, creates regionally-variable signatures of the timing, likelihood and type of potential oiling. AN - noaa:73545 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2025.118410 J2 - Marine Pollution Bulletin PB - Elsevier BV PY - 2025 T2 - Marine Pollution Bulletin T2 - Marine Pollution Bulletin, 221, 118410 TI - A statistical representation of oil spill fate in the Salish Sea (Part 2) VL - 221 UR - https://repository.library.noaa.gov/view/noaa/73545 ER -
A statistical representation of oil spill fate in the Salish Sea (Part 1)

Mueller, Rachael D.

;

Allen, Susan E.

2026 | Marine Pollution Bulletin, 222, 118452 | PDF

Transport of different oil types as fuel or cargo varies within the Salish Sea and over time. Although many studies have focused on the future health of Salish Sea ecosystems under a warming climate, no study has addressed how market-based dependencies on fossil fuels introduces geographic and temporal variations in ecosystem vulnerabilities. This ...

06/08/2026

Title : A statistical representation of oil spill fate in the Salish Sea (Part 1) Personal Author(s) : Mueller, Rachael D.;Allen, Susan E.;Chang, Stephanie;Niu, Haibo;Latornell, Douglas J.;Li, Shihan;Bagshaw, Ryah;Bhudia, Ashutosh;Do, Vicky;Forysinski, Krista;Moore-Maley, Ben;Power, Cameron; Published Date : 2026 Source : Marine Pollution Bulletin, 222, 118452 DOI : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2025.118452 Journal Title : Marine Pollution Bulletin Mueller, Rachael D. et al. (2026). A statistical representation of oil spill fate in the Salish Sea (Part 1). 222https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2025.118452 Mueller, Rachael D. et al. "A statistical representation of oil spill fate in the Salish Sea (Part 1)" 222 (2026), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2025.118452 Mueller, Rachael D. et al. "A statistical representation of oil spill fate in the Salish Sea (Part 1)" vol. 222, 2026, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2025.118452 Export RIS Citation Information. TY - AU - Mueller, Rachael D. AU - Allen, Susan E. AU - Chang, Stephanie AU - Niu, Haibo AU - Latornell, Douglas J. AU - Li, Shihan AU - Bagshaw, Ryah AU - Bhudia, Ashutosh AU - Do, Vicky AU - Forysinski, Krista AU - Moore-Maley, Ben AU - Power, Cameron AB - Transport of different oil types as fuel or cargo varies within the Salish Sea and over time. Although many studies have focused on the future health of Salish Sea ecosystems under a warming climate, no study has addressed how market-based dependencies on fossil fuels introduces geographic and temporal variations in ecosystem vulnerabilities. This paper aims to help address this knowledge gap with details of oil transport and oil spill risk in the Salish Sea. Part 1 describes the method that we developed to statistically generate individual oil spill scenarios based on ship traffic data, Washington state oil transfer data, and information on past oil spill events. We examine a set of these 10,000 random spill scenarios, referred to as “Study Spill Set,” and we compare this Study Spill Set to other sets of 10,000 spills. The Study Spill Set generated by this Monte Carlo method is the spill set that was used in the model simulations described and presented in a second paper in this special issue, Part 2 (Mueller et al., 2025). While Part 1 focuses on the methods and results from statistically generating 10,000 spill scenarios, Part 2 focuses on the likelihood of oil spill impacts in the Salish Sea based on the fate and transport of these 10,000, statistically-generated spill scenarios. In this paper, we explain the development of our Monte Carlo approach and show that Salish Sea oil spill risks are regionally variable by oil type and spill volume. AN - noaa:73544 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2025.118452 J2 - Marine Pollution Bulletin PB - Elsevier BV PY - 2026 T2 - Marine Pollution Bulletin T2 - Marine Pollution Bulletin, 222, 118452 TI - A statistical representation of oil spill fate in the Salish Sea (Part 1) VL - 222 UR - https://repository.library.noaa.gov/view/noaa/73544 ER -
What is the global evidence for effects of marine critical mineral mining on marine ecosystems? A systematic map protocol

Paxton, Avery B. ;

Gove, Jamison M.

2026 | PROCEED-26-00492 | PDF

Given growing interest in mining for marine critical minerals (e.g., U.S. Executive Order 14285), there is a timely need to synthesize evidence on potential impacts to marine ecosystems. Synthesized information will help inform decisions by resource managers, industry, and other entities tasked with establishing frameworks for deep-sea mining, as w ...

06/08/2026

Title : What is the global evidence for effects of marine critical mineral mining on marine ecosystems? A systematic map protocol Personal Author(s) : Paxton, Avery B.;Gove, Jamison M.;Methratta, Elizabeth T.;Andrews, Kelly S.;Drazen, Jeffrey C.;Klajbor, Willem;Lowry, Dayv;Marvasti, Akbar;Riley, Trevor N.;Vavoulis, Phoebe; Published Date : 2026 Source : PROCEED-26-00492 DOI : https://doi.org/10.57808/proceed.2026.19 Journal Title : Proceed Paxton, Avery B. et al. (2026). What is the global evidence for effects of marine critical mineral mining on marine ecosystems? A systematic map protocol. https://doi.org/10.57808/proceed.2026.19 Paxton, Avery B. et al. "What is the global evidence for effects of marine critical mineral mining on marine ecosystems? A systematic map protocol" (2026), https://doi.org/10.57808/proceed.2026.19 Paxton, Avery B. et al. "What is the global evidence for effects of marine critical mineral mining on marine ecosystems? A systematic map protocol" , 2026, https://doi.org/10.57808/proceed.2026.19 Export RIS Citation Information. TY - AU - Paxton, Avery B. AU - Gove, Jamison M. AU - Methratta, Elizabeth T. AU - Andrews, Kelly S. AU - Drazen, Jeffrey C. AU - Klajbor, Willem AU - Lowry, Dayv AU - Marvasti, Akbar AU - Riley, Trevor N. AU - Vavoulis, Phoebe AB - Given growing interest in mining for marine critical minerals (e.g., U.S. Executive Order 14285), there is a timely need to synthesize evidence on potential impacts to marine ecosystems. Synthesized information will help inform decisions by resource managers, industry, and other entities tasked with establishing frameworks for deep-sea mining, as well as mining in shallower waters. As such, the objective of this systematic map is to document and quantify the global evidence for demonstrated and hypothesized effects of marine critical mineral mining on marine ecosystems. Specifically, the map aims to catalog knowledge clusters and knowledge gaps pertaining to biological, physical, chemical, social, and economic effects of the extraction of marine critical mineral deposits — including polymetallic nodules, polymetallic sulfides, cobalt-rich ferromanganese crusts, heavy mineral sands, phosphorites, and brine pools — through mining. The map also aims to summarize how the magnitude of evidence varies based on the mineral deposit type, mining approach, study type, and geography. Theory of change / causal model: Scientific consensus regarding effects of seabed mining on marine ecosystems generally suggests that there are more unknowns than knowns (e.g., (Drazen et al. 2020, Amon et al. 2022)), especially given the extensive timeframes typically needed for deep-sea seafloor ecosystem recovery (Simon-Lledo et al. 2019, Jones et al. 2025). Recent publications highlight concerns regarding mining impacts (Glover et al. 2026), such as those associated with altered microbial (Vonnahme et al. 2020) and macrofaunal (Stewart et al. 2026) communities, toxicological effects on benthic suspension feeders (Martins et al. 2017, Carreiro-Silva et al. 2022), identification of toxicity thresholds for regulation (Hauton et al. 2017) changes in tourist behavior (Folkersen et al. 2018), and anticipated spatial overlap between mining areas and tuna fisheries (van der Grient and Drazen 2021, Amon et al. 2023). AN - noaa:73542 DO - https://doi.org/10.57808/proceed.2026.19 J2 - Proceed PY - 2026 T2 - Proceed T2 - PROCEED-26-00492 TI - What is the global evidence for effects of marine critical mineral mining on marine ecosystems? A systematic map protocol UR - https://repository.library.noaa.gov/view/noaa/73542 ER -
Resilience of the North Atlantic Circulation on Decadal Timescales

Seidov, Dan

;

Mishonov, Alexey

2026 | Climate, 14(5), 99 | PDF

The circulation of the North Atlantic Ocean plays a vital role in the Earth’s climate system. Numerous studies, primarily through computer simulations, have examined the stability of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) in a warming climate. Some of these studies predict a potential collapse of the AMOC in the foreseeable future, ...

06/08/2026

Title : Resilience of the North Atlantic Circulation on Decadal Timescales Personal Author(s) : Seidov, Dan;Mishonov, Alexey;Reagan, James; Published Date : 2026 Source : Climate, 14(5), 99 DOI : https://doi.org/10.3390/cli14050099 Journal Title : Climate Seidov, Dan et al. (2026). Resilience of the North Atlantic Circulation on Decadal Timescales. 14(5). https://doi.org/10.3390/cli14050099 Seidov, Dan and Mishonov, Alexey and Reagan, James "Resilience of the North Atlantic Circulation on Decadal Timescales" 14, no. 5 (2026), https://doi.org/10.3390/cli14050099 Seidov, Dan et al. "Resilience of the North Atlantic Circulation on Decadal Timescales" vol. 14, no. 5, 2026, https://doi.org/10.3390/cli14050099 Export RIS Citation Information. TY - AU - Seidov, Dan AU - Mishonov, Alexey AU - Reagan, James AB - The circulation of the North Atlantic Ocean plays a vital role in the Earth’s climate system. Numerous studies, primarily through computer simulations, have examined the stability of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) in a warming climate. Some of these studies predict a potential collapse of the AMOC in the foreseeable future, which would require a significant influx of freshwater into the subpolar North Atlantic (NA) and Nordic Seas. Paleoreconstructions of NA circulation indicate a major shift in the position of the subpolar cold front, which either precedes or coincides with substantial changes in AMOC dynamics. These changes in the front position imply a significant alteration in circulation patterns, beginning with the noticeable restructuring of the subtropical and subpolar gyres. This would lead to modifications in the Gulf Stream system and the North Atlantic Current (NAC), affecting the thermohaline fields and the position and strength of these two current systems. Although some models predict a significant slowdown or even collapse of the AMOC, recent observational studies have offered a more cautious perspective. For instance, the Gulf Stream system exhibits high resilience to perturbations caused by ongoing sea surface warming. In this study, we analyzed the decadal variability of temperature and salinity from in situ observations, along with upper-ocean currents in the subpolar NA (SPNA). We found that the thermohaline pattern of the upper ocean layers in the SPNA and Nordic Seas has remained resilient for over 70 years. The deceleration of the AMOC is evident but relatively modest, with average velocities in the upper layers decreasing by less than 10–15% over 30 years. This deceleration was also inconsistent throughout the NAC region. Furthermore, the subpolar front migration over 70 years, as manifested in isotherm spatial variability, reached a maximum of 3° of latitude, with spatial variability of the yearly 10 °C isotherms being lower. Overall, the conclusion regarding the resilience of the NAC aligns well with that of the Gulf Stream, with no substantial changes in the position or intensity of the subpolar gyre. We conclude that while the AMOC is susceptible to some deceleration due to ongoing surface warming and/or high-latitude freshening, it may also be sufficiently resilient to withstand these changes. Although it cannot be entirely ruled out that the AMOC may reach its tipping point within this century, an analysis of data on decadal variability in the upper arm of the AMOC suggests that such a collapse is unlikely to occur. AN - noaa:73541 DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/cli14050099 IS - 5 J2 - Climate PB - MDPI AG PY - 2026 T2 - Climate T2 - Climate, 14(5), 99 TI - Resilience of the North Atlantic Circulation on Decadal Timescales VL - 14 UR - https://repository.library.noaa.gov/view/noaa/73541 ER -
Lake depth and light conditions alter Mysis vertical distributions

Chapina, Rosaura J.

;

O’Malley, Brian P.

2025 | Journal of Great Lakes Research, 51(6), 102684 | PDF

Light regulates the vertical migration of many aquatic organisms. Mysis species couple pelagic and benthic habitats in lakes by diel vertical migrations (DVM), transporting energy and nutrients through the water column and food web. Although Mysis are generally assumed to remain on the bottom during the day, some have been observed in the pelagic z ...

06/08/2026

Title : Lake depth and light conditions alter Mysis vertical distributions Personal Author(s) : Chapina, Rosaura J.;O’Malley, Brian P.;Bowen, Kelly;Viljanen, Martta L.M.;Bess, Zachary A.;Yule, Daniel L.;Nejstgaard, Jens C.;Berger, Stella A.;Rennie, Michael D.;Paterson, Michael J.;Pothoven, Steve A.;Watkins, James M.;Rudstam, Lars G.;Chandra, Sudeep;Stockwell, Jason D.; Published Date : 2025 Source : Journal of Great Lakes Research, 51(6), 102684 DOI : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2025.102684 Journal Title : Journal of Great Lakes Research Chapina, Rosaura J. et al. (2025). Lake depth and light conditions alter Mysis vertical distributions. 51(6). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2025.102684 Chapina, Rosaura J. et al. "Lake depth and light conditions alter Mysis vertical distributions" 51, no. 6 (2025), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2025.102684 Chapina, Rosaura J. et al. "Lake depth and light conditions alter Mysis vertical distributions" vol. 51, no. 6, 2025, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2025.102684 Export RIS Citation Information. TY - AU - Chapina, Rosaura J. AU - O’Malley, Brian P. AU - Bowen, Kelly AU - Viljanen, Martta L.M. AU - Bess, Zachary A. AU - Yule, Daniel L. AU - Nejstgaard, Jens C. AU - Berger, Stella A. AU - Rennie, Michael D. AU - Paterson, Michael J. AU - Pothoven, Steve A. AU - Watkins, James M. AU - Rudstam, Lars G. AU - Chandra, Sudeep AU - Stockwell, Jason D. AB - Light regulates the vertical migration of many aquatic organisms. Mysis species couple pelagic and benthic habitats in lakes by diel vertical migrations (DVM), transporting energy and nutrients through the water column and food web. Although Mysis are generally assumed to remain on the bottom during the day, some have been observed in the pelagic zone during the day, indicating incomplete benthic-pelagic coupling in some systems. The degree to which light attenuation and lake depth interact to affect occurrence of mysids within the water column during the day is understudied. We used standardized Mysis net sampling in summers 2020 and 2021 across nine north-temperate lakes to test the hypotheses that 1) Mysis remain pelagic during the day at depths with sufficiently low light levels, and 2) pelagic-caught individuals during the day are, on average, smaller than those caught at night. To test these hypotheses, we assessed light, dissolved oxygen (DO), Mysis densities, and size distribution between night and day across bathymetric depths. In deep lakes and darkly colored shallow lakes, Mysis suspended in the water column during the day where light levels decreased to their light avoidance threshold (∼10-5 to 10-6 lx). Mysis suspended in the water column during the day were smaller than those collected at night. Further, Mysis were not captured when DO reached levels < 3 mg/L, regardless of light conditions. Our results suggest that benthic-pelagic coupling by Mysis is mediated through light conditions, lake morphometry, and DO conditions, and may include some degree of size-dependent behavior. AN - noaa:73540 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2025.102684 IS - 6 J2 - Journal of Great Lakes Research PB - Elsevier BV PY - 2025 T2 - Journal of Great Lakes Research T2 - Journal of Great Lakes Research, 51(6), 102684 TI - Lake depth and light conditions alter Mysis vertical distributions VL - 51 UR - https://repository.library.noaa.gov/view/noaa/73540 ER -
Evaluating the Potential for Citizen Science Divers to Monitor Fish Biodiversity Through Passive eDNA Collection

Mautz, Theodora T.

;

Dinasquet, Julie

2026 | Environmental DNA, 8(2) | PDF

Environmental DNA (eDNA) marker gene sequencing, or metabarcoding, can be a powerful tool for monitoring marine biodiversity. Traditional eDNA sampling methods involve manual water collection and active filtration to collect DNA. This process can be laborious and require expensive filtration equipment. To explore the possibility of making eDNA a mo ...

06/08/2026

Title : Evaluating the Potential for Citizen Science Divers to Monitor Fish Biodiversity Through Passive eDNA Collection Personal Author(s) : Mautz, Theodora T.;Dinasquet, Julie;Patin, Nastassia V.;Gold, Zachary;Pattengill‐Semmens, Christy;Semmens, Brice; Published Date : 2026 Source : Environmental DNA, 8(2) DOI : https://doi.org/10.1002/edn3.70284 Journal Title : Environmental DNA Mautz, Theodora T. et al. (2026). Evaluating the Potential for Citizen Science Divers to Monitor Fish Biodiversity Through Passive eDNA Collection. 8(2). https://doi.org/10.1002/edn3.70284 Mautz, Theodora T. et al. "Evaluating the Potential for Citizen Science Divers to Monitor Fish Biodiversity Through Passive eDNA Collection" 8, no. 2 (2026), https://doi.org/10.1002/edn3.70284 Mautz, Theodora T. et al. "Evaluating the Potential for Citizen Science Divers to Monitor Fish Biodiversity Through Passive eDNA Collection" vol. 8, no. 2, 2026, https://doi.org/10.1002/edn3.70284 Export RIS Citation Information. TY - AU - Mautz, Theodora T. AU - Dinasquet, Julie AU - Patin, Nastassia V. AU - Gold, Zachary AU - Pattengill‐Semmens, Christy AU - Semmens, Brice AB - Environmental DNA (eDNA) marker gene sequencing, or metabarcoding, can be a powerful tool for monitoring marine biodiversity. Traditional eDNA sampling methods involve manual water collection and active filtration to collect DNA. This process can be laborious and require expensive filtration equipment. To explore the possibility of making eDNA a more accessible tool, we investigated the efficacy of passive eDNA capture during citizen science SCUBA diving in the Gulf of California, Mexico. Rather than actively collecting and filtering water samples, filters that passively collected eDNA from seawater were attached to citizen scientist divers as they carried out visual surveys on fish species. eDNA metabarcoding from these filters was amplified using MiFish primers (12S rRNA gene) and sequenced to assess fish community composition and compare to visual surveys. We also investigated marine mammal detection with mitochondrial D‐loop metabarcoding primers on some of the samples. Sequencing results initially yielded 64 fish species, compared to 183 fish species observed by the divers, and shared similar biogeographic assemblage patterns. However, 95 visually observed species lacked publicly available reference sequences. To address this, we generated reference sequences for 64 fish species vouchers obtained from the Scripps Institution of Oceanography Marine Vertebrate Collection. Dedicated barcoding efforts yielded eDNA detections of 15 additional species. We discuss the relative advantages and disadvantages of this passive eDNA collection method for marine fish detection. Marine mammal sequencing results only yielded 3 species; however, one was the Guadalupe fur seal, a threatened species, which highlights the potential of eDNA for rare or threatened marine mammal detection. Our results suggest that passive capture of eDNA can be used as a tool for citizen scientists to supplement visual surveys for marine species detection and is particularly useful for species that are rare or visually inaccessible to divers. AN - noaa:73539 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/edn3.70284 IS - 2 J2 - Environmental DNA PB - Wiley PY - 2026 T2 - Environmental DNA T2 - Environmental DNA, 8(2) TI - Evaluating the Potential for Citizen Science Divers to Monitor Fish Biodiversity Through Passive eDNA Collection VL - 8 UR - https://repository.library.noaa.gov/view/noaa/73539 ER -
Monitoring, reporting, and verification of marine carbon dioxide removal: Exploring scientific consensus and divergences across continents

Hoffmann, Linn J.

;

Bach, Lennart T.

2026 | Elem Sci Anth, 14(1) | PDF

Marine Carbon Dioxide Removal (mCDR) approaches are increasingly considered for climate change mitigation as a supplement to rapid emissions reduction. However, it is still unclear if mCDR approaches could be effective, safe, and accountable. A critical requirement for mCDR to work, potentially, is robust monitoring, reporting, and verification (MR ...

06/08/2026

Title : Monitoring, reporting, and verification of marine carbon dioxide removal: Exploring scientific consensus and divergences across continents Personal Author(s) : Hoffmann, Linn J.;Bach, Lennart T.;Bauer, Kohen W.;Cross, Jessica;Ghosh, Anwesha;Hernández-Ayón, Jose Martín;Kvale, Karin;Lencina-Avila, Jannine M.;Matovu, Baker;Shaltout, Nayrah;Somorin, Ifeoluwa Abolade;Mafuwane, Hluphi Constance;Van Dam, Bryce;Allela, Abbie Akinyi;Adell, Magak;Anderson, Harris;Arora, Parth;Atamanchuk, Dariia;Avrutin, Sandy;Baker, Chelsey A.;Bednaršek, Nina;Bell, Thomas;Bernardello, Raffaele;Boxhammer, Tim;Burfat, Mukhtiar Ali;Cassar, Nicolas;Chadsey, Meg;Chase, Zanna;Cotovicz, Luiz C.;Croot, Peter;Carvalho, Andréa da Consolação de O.;N’Yeurt, Antoine De Ramon;Dias-Wanigasekera, Beatrice Manel;Dillon, Wayne;Ellwood, Michael;Fennel, Katja;Gattuso, Jean-Pierre;Grabb, Kalina;Halloran, Paul;Howard, Will;Jaraula, Caroline Marie B.;Jupesta, Joni;Karspeck, Alicia;Keller, Elizabeth D.;Kitidis, Vassilis;Law, Cliff S.;Liu, Jihua;Long, Jacki;López-Abbate, M. Celeste;Meléndez, Melissa;Mengis, Nadine;Mills, Rebecca;Möller, Klas Ove;Munna, Abubakari H.;Müller, Jens Daniel;Osma, Natalia;Palter, Jaime;Park, Keyhong;Pearce, Christopher;Quintana, Cintia;Rackley, Steve;Rafter, Patrick;Rengiil, Geraldine;de Oliveira, Raquel Renó;Ringham, Mallory;Rohr, Tyler;Sabine, Christopher;Shadwick, Elizabeth;Simancas-Giraldo, Susana M.;Singh, Arvind;Subhas, Adam;Sutton, Adrienne;Swaleh, Mariam;Tamsitt, Veronica;Trucco-Pignata, Pablo;Wallace, Doug;Wang, Yuntao;Ward, Brian;Xie, Yinghuan;Zitoun, Rebecca; Published Date : 2026 Source : Elem Sci Anth, 14(1) DOI : https://doi.org/10.1525/elementa.2025.00113 Journal Title : Elem Sci Anth Hoffmann, Linn J. et al. (2026). Monitoring, reporting, and verification of marine carbon dioxide removal: Exploring scientific consensus and divergences across continents. 14(1). https://doi.org/10.1525/elementa.2025.00113 Hoffmann, Linn J. et al. "Monitoring, reporting, and verification of marine carbon dioxide removal: Exploring scientific consensus and divergences across continents" 14, no. 1 (2026), https://doi.org/10.1525/elementa.2025.00113 Hoffmann, Linn J. et al. "Monitoring, reporting, and verification of marine carbon dioxide removal: Exploring scientific consensus and divergences across continents" vol. 14, no. 1, 2026, https://doi.org/10.1525/elementa.2025.00113 Export RIS Citation Information. TY - AU - Hoffmann, Linn J. AU - Bach, Lennart T. AU - Bauer, Kohen W. AU - Cross, Jessica AU - Ghosh, Anwesha AU - Hernández-Ayón, Jose Martín AU - Kvale, Karin AU - Lencina-Avila, Jannine M. AU - Matovu, Baker AU - Shaltout, Nayrah AU - Somorin, Ifeoluwa Abolade AU - Mafuwane, Hluphi Constance AU - Van Dam, Bryce AU - Allela, Abbie Akinyi AU - Adell, Magak AU - Anderson, Harris AU - Arora, Parth AU - Atamanchuk, Dariia AU - Avrutin, Sandy AU - Baker, Chelsey A. AU - Bednaršek, Nina AU - Bell, Thomas AU - Bernardello, Raffaele AU - Boxhammer, Tim AU - Burfat, Mukhtiar Ali AU - Cassar, Nicolas AU - Chadsey, Meg AU - Chase, Zanna AU - Cotovicz, Luiz C. AU - Croot, Peter AU - Carvalho, Andréa da Consolação de O. AU - N’Yeurt, Antoine De Ramon AU - Dias-Wanigasekera, Beatrice Manel AU - Dillon, Wayne AU - Ellwood, Michael AU - Fennel, Katja AU - Gattuso, Jean-Pierre AU - Grabb, Kalina AU - Halloran, Paul AU - Howard, Will AU - Jaraula, Caroline Marie B. AU - Jupesta, Joni AU - Karspeck, Alicia AU - Keller, Elizabeth D. AU - Kitidis, Vassilis AU - Law, Cliff S. AU - Liu, Jihua AU - Long, Jacki AU - López-Abbate, M. Celeste AU - Meléndez, Melissa AU - Mengis, Nadine AU - Mills, Rebecca AU - Möller, Klas Ove AU - Munna, Abubakari H. AU - Müller, Jens Daniel AU - Osma, Natalia AU - Palter, Jaime AU - Park, Keyhong AU - Pearce, Christopher AU - Quintana, Cintia AU - Rackley, Steve AU - Rafter, Patrick AU - Rengiil, Geraldine AU - de Oliveira, Raquel Renó AU - Ringham, Mallory AU - Rohr, Tyler AU - Sabine, Christopher AU - Shadwick, Elizabeth AU - Simancas-Giraldo, Susana M. AU - Singh, Arvind AU - Subhas, Adam AU - Sutton, Adrienne AU - Swaleh, Mariam AU - Tamsitt, Veronica AU - Trucco-Pignata, Pablo AU - Wallace, Doug AU - Wang, Yuntao AU - Ward, Brian AU - Xie, Yinghuan AU - Zitoun, Rebecca AB - Marine Carbon Dioxide Removal (mCDR) approaches are increasingly considered for climate change mitigation as a supplement to rapid emissions reduction. However, it is still unclear if mCDR approaches could be effective, safe, and accountable. A critical requirement for mCDR to work, potentially, is robust monitoring, reporting, and verification (MRV) of greenhouse gas(es) removed through mCDR activities. MRV frameworks and protocols are currently developed in a scattered manner by individual stakeholders, so that the principles they are built upon may or may not appeal to the broader international community that is interested in the ocean commons. International agreement and consolidation on MRV for mCDR seem crucial to legitimize and validate mCDR, considering that the ocean is a globally interconnected fluid and that activities by some may affect many others. Here, we undertake a step toward consolidation of MRV by consulting the international scientific community. We established a global network of scientists organized into 6 “continental” nodes, each of which addressed the same set of MRV-related questions and whose thoughts were equally weighted in the synthesis. Our consultation shows that while there are many converging views on MRV (e.g., the importance of modeling for MRV), there are also differences in the regional MRV priorities (e.g., the importance of regional vs global models). The areas of consensus and divergence identified herein may be instrumental in the design of more widely accepted MRV frameworks, informed equally by scientists from 6 continents. AN - noaa:73538 DO - https://doi.org/10.1525/elementa.2025.00113 IS - 1 J2 - Elem Sci Anth PB - University of California Press PY - 2026 T2 - Elem Sci Anth T2 - Elem Sci Anth, 14(1) TI - Monitoring, reporting, and verification of marine carbon dioxide removal: Exploring scientific consensus and divergences across continents VL - 14 UR - https://repository.library.noaa.gov/view/noaa/73538 ER -
Tolerance to future elevated CO2 conditions in sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria), a deep-water benthic dwelling fish species

Williams, Chase R. ;

Gallagher, Evan P.

2026 | Journal of Comparative Physiology A, 212(3), 527-539 | PDF

Numerous studies have found that elevated CO2 levels in marine waters induced significant physiological and behavioral effects in fish. In an earlier study of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch), we observed that elevated CO2 exposure impaired signaling in the olfactory bulb, through a mechanism likely involving interference of gamma-aminobutyric ac ...

06/08/2026

Title : Tolerance to future elevated CO2 conditions in sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria), a deep-water benthic dwelling fish species Personal Author(s) : Williams, Chase R.;Gallagher, Evan P.;McElhany, Paul;Busch, D. Shallin;Maher, Michael T.;Dittman, Andrew H.; Published Date : 2026 Source : Journal of Comparative Physiology A, 212(3), 527-539 DOI : https://doi.org/10.1007/s00359-026-01801-9 Journal Title : Journal of Comparative Physiology A Williams, Chase R. et al. (2026). Tolerance to future elevated CO2 conditions in sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria), a deep-water benthic dwelling fish species. 212(3). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00359-026-01801-9 Williams, Chase R. et al. "Tolerance to future elevated CO2 conditions in sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria), a deep-water benthic dwelling fish species" 212, no. 3 (2026), https://doi.org/10.1007/s00359-026-01801-9 Williams, Chase R. et al. "Tolerance to future elevated CO2 conditions in sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria), a deep-water benthic dwelling fish species" vol. 212, no. 3, 2026, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00359-026-01801-9 Export RIS Citation Information. TY - AU - Williams, Chase R. AU - Gallagher, Evan P. AU - McElhany, Paul AU - Busch, D. Shallin AU - Maher, Michael T. AU - Dittman, Andrew H. AB - Numerous studies have found that elevated CO2 levels in marine waters induced significant physiological and behavioral effects in fish. In an earlier study of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch), we observed that elevated CO2 exposure impaired signaling in the olfactory bulb, through a mechanism likely involving interference of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) signaling. However, the effects of elevated CO2 may be species-specific, and there have been few studies addressing the effects of elevated CO2 on benthic fish. In the current study, we investigated the effects of elevated CO2 exposures on the deep-water benthic species, sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria). Sablefish were exposed to three different levels of CO2 (700, 1600 and 2700 µatm) for two weeks, followed by behavioral, neurophysiological and gene expression analysis of the olfactory system. Analysis of behaviors mediated by food odors, including swimming activity and food strikes did not differ between fish maintained under elevated or control CO2 conditions. Similarly, electro-olfactogram recordings of odorant signaling did not differ among treatment and controls. mRNA expression patterns of olfactory bulb genes that were altered in coho salmon exposed to elevated CO2 levels, were similarly examined in sablefish. Sablefish mRNAs encoding genes involved in GABA-mediated olfactory bulb signaling were generally unaffected by high CO2, but aldh9a1, an enzyme involved in the synthesis of GABA, was elevated by high CO2. The results of our study contrast other studies demonstrating adverse effects of elevated CO2 in pelagic fish, but support differences among fish species to susceptibility to elevated CO2, potentially associated with life history traits. AN - noaa:73537 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00359-026-01801-9 IS - 3 J2 - Journal of Comparative Physiology A PB - Springer Science and Business Media LLC PY - 2026 T2 - Journal of Comparative Physiology A T2 - Journal of Comparative Physiology A, 212(3), 527-539 TI - Tolerance to future elevated CO2 conditions in sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria), a deep-water benthic dwelling fish species VL - 212 UR - https://repository.library.noaa.gov/view/noaa/73537 ER -
Guidance and best practices for species identification using eDNA metabarcoding – When do you call a cod a cod?

Watts, Alison W.

;

Gold, Zachary

2026 | Metabarcoding and Metagenomics, 10 | PDF

With the rapid uptake of environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding for a wide range of conservation and management uses, there is a growing need for guidance and best practices for species identification. A range of methodological and interpretive decisions influences taxa assignment. Here we provide a review and perspective of pitfalls and issues tha ...

06/08/2026

Title : Guidance and best practices for species identification using eDNA metabarcoding – When do you call a cod a cod? Personal Author(s) : Watts, Alison W.;Gold, Zachary;Patin, Nastassia V.;Adams, Nicolaus G.;Baker, Jacoby D.;El Baidouri, Fouad;Grey, Erin;Holmes, Ann E.;Jacobson, Kym;Jungbluth, Sean;Kajita, Tadashi;Kiledal, Anders;Lemay, Matthew A.;Montes, Enrique;Muller-Karger, Frank E.;Miller, Jeffrey;Ogburn, Matthew B.;Pitz, Kathleen J.;Silliman, Katherine;Thompson, Andrew;Thompson, Luke R.; Published Date : 2026 Source : Metabarcoding and Metagenomics, 10 DOI : https://doi.org/10.3897/mbmg.10.174450 Journal Title : Metabarcoding and Metagenomics Watts, Alison W. et al. (2026). Guidance and best practices for species identification using eDNA metabarcoding – When do you call a cod a cod?. 10https://doi.org/10.3897/mbmg.10.174450 Watts, Alison W. et al. "Guidance and best practices for species identification using eDNA metabarcoding – When do you call a cod a cod?" 10 (2026), https://doi.org/10.3897/mbmg.10.174450 Watts, Alison W. et al. "Guidance and best practices for species identification using eDNA metabarcoding – When do you call a cod a cod?" vol. 10, 2026, https://doi.org/10.3897/mbmg.10.174450 Export RIS Citation Information. TY - AU - Watts, Alison W. AU - Gold, Zachary AU - Patin, Nastassia V. AU - Adams, Nicolaus G. AU - Baker, Jacoby D. AU - El Baidouri, Fouad AU - Grey, Erin AU - Holmes, Ann E. AU - Jacobson, Kym AU - Jungbluth, Sean AU - Kajita, Tadashi AU - Kiledal, Anders AU - Lemay, Matthew A. AU - Montes, Enrique AU - Muller-Karger, Frank E. AU - Miller, Jeffrey AU - Ogburn, Matthew B. AU - Pitz, Kathleen J. AU - Silliman, Katherine AU - Thompson, Andrew AU - Thompson, Luke R. AB - With the rapid uptake of environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding for a wide range of conservation and management uses, there is a growing need for guidance and best practices for species identification. A range of methodological and interpretive decisions influences taxa assignment. Here we provide a review and perspective of pitfalls and issues that can impact accurate taxonomic assignment across the full eDNA metabarcoding workflow: primer selection, lab handling, bioinformatics, taxonomic assignment, and communication of results. This paper addresses the complexities and challenges of the metabarcoding-based species identification process, offering recommendations for robust workflows and effective communication of findings. Accurate interpretation and communication of eDNA metabarcoding results requires an acknowledgment of methodological limitations such as incomplete reference databases, contamination risks, ambiguous sequences, and detection biases. Thus, we argue that transparency of methods and limitations, alongside proactive alignment of decisions with project objectives are critical for the successful application of eDNA metabarcoding in conservation and management decisions. We provide guidance for developing protocols that support species identification from eDNA metabarcoding sequences, and give recommendations on communication strategies for stakeholders and end users. To support these recommendations, we outline steps in the workflow that can impact species identification, with a discussion of the strengths and weaknesses at each stage. Ultimately, this guidance can improve the accuracy, reliability, and usability of eDNA and other metabarcoding and amplicon sequencing approaches to species identification while fostering trust and understanding among diverse end users. AN - noaa:73536 DO - https://doi.org/10.3897/mbmg.10.174450 J2 - Metabarcoding and Metagenomics PB - Pensoft Publishers PY - 2026 T2 - Metabarcoding and Metagenomics T2 - Metabarcoding and Metagenomics, 10 TI - Guidance and best practices for species identification using eDNA metabarcoding – When do you call a cod a cod? VL - 10 UR - https://repository.library.noaa.gov/view/noaa/73536 ER -
Temporal dynamics of mesopelagic fishes within a mesoscale eddy: A Lagrangian perspective

Sato, Mei

;

Erickson, Zachary K.

2026 | Limnology and Oceanography Letters, 11(3) | PDF

Mesoscale eddies are physically dynamic environments, yet biological responses within them are often treated as static, with eddy polarity (anticyclones vs. cyclones) serving as the dominant conceptual framework. Temporal dynamics of animals within eddies—particularly at mid‐trophic levels—remain largely unresolved. We tracked a long‐lived anticycl ...

06/08/2026

Title : Temporal dynamics of mesopelagic fishes within a mesoscale eddy: A Lagrangian perspective Personal Author(s) : Sato, Mei;Erickson, Zachary K.;Drago, Laetitia;Maas, Amy E.;McMonagle, Helena;Steinberg, Deborah K.; Published Date : 2026 Source : Limnology and Oceanography Letters, 11(3) DOI : https://doi.org/10.1002/lol2.70113 Journal Title : Limnology and Oceanography Letters Sato, Mei et al. (2026). Temporal dynamics of mesopelagic fishes within a mesoscale eddy: A Lagrangian perspective. 11(3). https://doi.org/10.1002/lol2.70113 Sato, Mei et al. "Temporal dynamics of mesopelagic fishes within a mesoscale eddy: A Lagrangian perspective" 11, no. 3 (2026), https://doi.org/10.1002/lol2.70113 Sato, Mei et al. "Temporal dynamics of mesopelagic fishes within a mesoscale eddy: A Lagrangian perspective" vol. 11, no. 3, 2026, https://doi.org/10.1002/lol2.70113 Export RIS Citation Information. TY - AU - Sato, Mei AU - Erickson, Zachary K. AU - Drago, Laetitia AU - Maas, Amy E. AU - McMonagle, Helena AU - Steinberg, Deborah K. AB - Mesoscale eddies are physically dynamic environments, yet biological responses within them are often treated as static, with eddy polarity (anticyclones vs. cyclones) serving as the dominant conceptual framework. Temporal dynamics of animals within eddies—particularly at mid‐trophic levels—remain largely unresolved. We tracked a long‐lived anticyclonic eddy in the Northeast Atlantic for nearly a month using a Lagrangian framework, generating one of the few continuous time series of mesopelagic fish distribution within an eddy. Coupled physical–biological observations revealed marked vertical changes following a major wind storm: compact fish aggregations dispersed as phytoplankton distributions expanded and zooplankton deepened, despite comparable integrated fish biomass before and after. These results show that aggregation dynamics of mesopelagic fishes are modulated by bottom‐up variability on weekly to monthly timescales. By moving beyond static snapshots, our study demonstrates that eddies function as dynamic ecosystems whose ecological roles in pelagic food webs evolve through time. AN - noaa:73535 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/lol2.70113 IS - 3 J2 - Limnology and Oceanography Letters PB - Wiley PY - 2026 T2 - Limnology and Oceanography Letters T2 - Limnology and Oceanography Letters, 11(3) TI - Temporal dynamics of mesopelagic fishes within a mesoscale eddy: A Lagrangian perspective VL - 11 UR - https://repository.library.noaa.gov/view/noaa/73535 ER -
Distributions of particulate Al and Fe in the Bay of Bengal and south Indian subtropical gyre

Barrett, Pamela M. ;

Resing, Joseph A.

2026 | Marine Chemistry, 275, 104611 | PDF

The trace element composition (Al, Si, P, Ca, and Fe) of suspended particulate matter is presented for the upper 1000 m of the water column along U.S. CLIVAR/CO2 Repeat Hydrography zonal section I05 (2009) in the South Indian subtropical gyre and meridional section I09N/I08S (2007) in the eastern Indian Ocean from the Bay of Bengal to the subtropic ...

06/08/2026

Title : Distributions of particulate Al and Fe in the Bay of Bengal and south Indian subtropical gyre Personal Author(s) : Barrett, Pamela M.;Resing, Joseph A.;Grand, Maxime M.;Measures, Christopher I.;Landing, William M.; Published Date : 2026 Source : Marine Chemistry, 275, 104611 DOI : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2026.104611 Journal Title : Marine Chemistry Barrett, Pamela M. et al. (2026). Distributions of particulate Al and Fe in the Bay of Bengal and south Indian subtropical gyre. 275https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2026.104611 Barrett, Pamela M. et al. "Distributions of particulate Al and Fe in the Bay of Bengal and south Indian subtropical gyre" 275 (2026), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2026.104611 Barrett, Pamela M. et al. "Distributions of particulate Al and Fe in the Bay of Bengal and south Indian subtropical gyre" vol. 275, 2026, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2026.104611 Export RIS Citation Information. TY - AU - Barrett, Pamela M. AU - Resing, Joseph A. AU - Grand, Maxime M. AU - Measures, Christopher I. AU - Landing, William M. AB - The trace element composition (Al, Si, P, Ca, and Fe) of suspended particulate matter is presented for the upper 1000 m of the water column along U.S. CLIVAR/CO2 Repeat Hydrography zonal section I05 (2009) in the South Indian subtropical gyre and meridional section I09N/I08S (2007) in the eastern Indian Ocean from the Bay of Bengal to the subtropical front. Along I09N, high particulate Al and Fe concentrations are found throughout the Bay of Bengal and the northern Indian Ocean indicating significant lithogenic particle loads from river-borne sediment transport and smaller contributions from continental dust flux than current model estimates. Particles have elevated Fe:Al ratios compared to the composition of local shelf sediments, indicating that suspended particulate matter becomes enriched from scavenging of dissolved Fe that accumulates in the oxygen minimum zone in the Bay of Bengal. Along I05, retroflection of the Agulhas Return Current transports African shelf-derived lithogenic particles into the western South Indian basin, resulting in the elevated subsurface concentrations of particulate Al and Fe nearly 3000 km into the interior of the subtropical gyre. Another region of elevated dissolved Fe concentrations and Fe-enriched particulate matter was also observed along I05 in intermediate waters (>600 m) in the subtropical gyre at 32°S between 70 and 74°E, suggesting inputs from a shallow sedimentary or possibly volcanic Fe source to these stations. Comparison of data from the crossover between the I05 and I09N/I08S sections and from the 2007 and 2016 occupations of I09N allows investigation of the temporal variability of basin-scale distributions of particle-associated trace metals with relatively short residence times in the upper water column. The most pronounced differences in trace metal distributions are associated with interannual variability in productive near-coastal and upwelling regions where mixed-layer pFe concentrations vary by a factor of 2–7, whereas Fe and Al in deeper waters and dust-impacted surface waters in oligotrophic regions show significantly less variability. AN - noaa:73533 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2026.104611 J2 - Marine Chemistry PB - Elsevier BV PY - 2026 T2 - Marine Chemistry T2 - Marine Chemistry, 275, 104611 TI - Distributions of particulate Al and Fe in the Bay of Bengal and south Indian subtropical gyre VL - 275 UR - https://repository.library.noaa.gov/view/noaa/73533 ER -
The Increasing Impact of Seasonality Biases on Model‐Based Estimates of the Ocean Carbon Sink

Arroyo, Mar C.

;

Fassbender, Andrea J.

2026 | Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 40(3) | PDF

Ocean carbon cycle syntheses combine observation-based surface ocean pCO2 products and global ocean biogeochemical models (GOBMs) to estimate air-sea CO2 fluxes. These efforts show that GOBMs underestimate the ocean's anthropogenic CO2 sink compared to observation-based products, though the causes remain uncertain. Observations and models indicate ...

06/08/2026

Title : The Increasing Impact of Seasonality Biases on Model‐Based Estimates of the Ocean Carbon Sink Personal Author(s) : Arroyo, Mar C.;Fassbender, Andrea J.;Rodgers, Keith B.; Published Date : 2026 Source : Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 40(3) DOI : https://doi.org/10.1029/2025GB008713 Journal Title : Global Biogeochemical Cycles Arroyo, Mar C. et al. (2026). The Increasing Impact of Seasonality Biases on Model‐Based Estimates of the Ocean Carbon Sink. 40(3). https://doi.org/10.1029/2025GB008713 Arroyo, Mar C. and Fassbender, Andrea J. and Rodgers, Keith B. "The Increasing Impact of Seasonality Biases on Model‐Based Estimates of the Ocean Carbon Sink" 40, no. 3 (2026), https://doi.org/10.1029/2025GB008713 Arroyo, Mar C. et al. "The Increasing Impact of Seasonality Biases on Model‐Based Estimates of the Ocean Carbon Sink" vol. 40, no. 3, 2026, https://doi.org/10.1029/2025GB008713 Export RIS Citation Information. TY - AU - Arroyo, Mar C. AU - Fassbender, Andrea J. AU - Rodgers, Keith B. AB - Ocean carbon cycle syntheses combine observation-based surface ocean pCO2 products and global ocean biogeochemical models (GOBMs) to estimate air-sea CO2 fluxes. These efforts show that GOBMs underestimate the ocean's anthropogenic CO2 sink compared to observation-based products, though the causes remain uncertain. Observations and models indicate that the seasonal amplitude of surface pCO2 is increasing due to anthropogenic carbon (Cant) accumulation, potentially altering net annual CO2 fluxes. Here, we test the hypothesis that systematic biases in model representations of surface pCO2 seasonality contribute to long-term biases in annual ocean carbon uptake trends. Using simulations from seven GOBMs, we evaluate changes in surface pCO2 seasonal amplitude over 1980–2018, separating contributions from Cant accumulation and climate-state changes. Within each model, seasonal pCO2 amplitude growth is primarily caused by Cant-driven enhancement in pCO2 sensitivity to seasonal thermal and biophysical processes. Across models, differences in Cant-driven pCO2 amplification are closely linked to differences in initial seasonal variability of surface temperature and dissolved inorganic carbon. Models with larger seasonal pCO2 amplitudes in 1980–1984 exhibit proportionally larger Cant-driven growth, widening the across-model disagreement in seasonal pCO2 amplitudes over time. Consequently, growing model disagreement in wintertime sea-air pCO2 disequilibrium causes divergence in cumulative ocean carbon sink estimates. Seasonal wind variability may further modulate CO2 flux differences, but its role could not be directly assessed. These findings demonstrate that systematic seasonal pCO2 biases contribute to diverging annual ocean carbon uptake trends, highlighting the importance of improving seasonal carbon cycle process representations to reduce uncertainty in future climate change projections. AN - noaa:73532 DO - https://doi.org/10.1029/2025GB008713 IS - 3 J2 - Global Biogeochemical Cycles PB - American Geophysical Union (AGU) PY - 2026 T2 - Global Biogeochemical Cycles T2 - Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 40(3) TI - The Increasing Impact of Seasonality Biases on Model‐Based Estimates of the Ocean Carbon Sink VL - 40 UR - https://repository.library.noaa.gov/view/noaa/73532 ER -

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