Paralytic Shellfish Toxin Concentrations Measured in Alaskan Arctic Clams Using ELISA and HPLC Methods

Charapata, Patrick; Bowers, Emily K.; Hardison, Donnie R.; Kibler, Steve; Anderson, Donald M.; Fachon, Evangeline; Lefebvre, Kathi A.

doi:10.3390/toxins17020060

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The NOAA IR serves as an archival repository of NOAA-published products including scientific findings, journal articles, guidelines, recommendations, or other information authored or co-authored by NOAA or funded partners. As a repository, the NOAA IR retains documents in their original published format to ensure public access to scientific information.

i

Paralytic Shellfish Toxin Concentrations Measured in Alaskan Arctic Clams Using ELISA and HPLC Methods

2025
By Charapata, Patrick ; Bowers, Emily K. ; Hardison, Donnie R. ; ...
Source: Toxins 2025, 17(2), 60

[PDF-1.88 MB]

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Journal Title:

Toxins
Personal Author:

Charapata, Patrick ; Bowers, Emily K. ; Hardison, Donnie R. ; Kibler, Steve ; Anderson, Donald M. ; ... More +

Charapata, Patrick ; Bowers, Emily K. ; Hardison, Donnie R. ; Kibler, Steve ; Anderson, Donald M. ; Fachon, Evangeline ; Lefebvre, Kathi A. Less -
NOAA Program & Office:

NMFS (National Marine Fisheries Service) ; NWFSC (Northwest Fisheries Science Center) ; NOS (National Ocean Service) ; OAR (Oceanic and Atmospheric Research)

NMFS (National Marine Fisheries Service) ; NWFSC (Northwest Fisheries Science Center) ; NOS (National Ocean Service) ; OAR (Oceanic and Atmospheric Research) Less -
Description:

Clams are efficient vectors of potent algal neurotoxins, a suite of saxitoxin (STX) congeners collectively called paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs), to higher trophic levels. The Alaskan Arctic is a region facing an expanding threat from PSTs due to ocean warming, yet little is known about PSTs in clams from this region. Quantifying total toxicity in bivalves requires analytical techniques, such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) are an efficient but only semi-quantitative method for measuring clam toxicity. PSTs (STX eq.) were measured in split clam samples (n = 16) from the Alaskan Arctic using ELISA and HPLC methods to develop a preliminary linear model for conservatively estimating total toxicity in clams from ELISA toxin values (R2adj = 0.95, p < 0.001). Profiles of PST congeners and total toxicity using HPLC were also assessed in additional clams (n = 36 additional, n = 52 total). Clams contained mostly potent PST congeners, and over half of the clams had PST concentrations above the seafood regulatory limit. These data will help assess the exposure risks of PSTs in Arctic marine food webs, as harmful algal bloom activity is predicted to increase as the Arctic continues to warm.
Keywords:

[+]

Algal Blooms Clams Saxitoxin Correction Factors Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assays High-performance Liquid Chromatography Paralytic Shellfish Toxins
Source:

Toxins 2025, 17(2), 60
DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins17020060
Format:

PDF
Document Type:

Journal Article
Funding:

Grant no. NA20NOS4780195 ; Grant no. NA14OAR4320158 ; Grant no. NA19OAR4320074

Grant no. NA20NOS4780195 ; Grant no. NA14OAR4320158 ; Grant no. NA19OAR4320074 Less -
Place as Subject:

Arctic regions ; Alaska

Arctic regions ; Alaska Less -
License:

https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Rights Information:

CC BY
Compliance:

Submitted
Main Document Checksum:

[+]

urn:sha-512:635d8a21c24bbde00c610e446a03257d00ac21275c73b3075ddd1678e1f1aa89ea573a3ce40c9419bfde390f0dad25c9e99132378ddfa97998a7607f34377a84
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https://repository.library.noaa.gov/view/noaa/67323/noaa_67323_DS1.pdf
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Paralytic Shellfish Toxin Concentrations Measured in Alaskan Arctic Clams Using ELISA and HPLC Methods

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