The Southern Ocean Carbon Cycle 1985–2018: Mean, Seasonal Cycle, Trends, and Storage

Hauck, Judith; Gregor, Luke; Nissen, Cara; Patara, Lavinia; Hague, Mark; Mongwe, Precious; Bushinsky, Seth; Doney, Scott C.; Gruber, Nicolas; Le Quéré, Corinne; Manizza, Manfredi; Mazloff, Matthew; Monteiro, Pedro M. S.; Terhaar, Jens

doi:10.1029/2023gb007848

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The Southern Ocean Carbon Cycle 1985–2018: Mean, Seasonal Cycle, Trends, and Storage

2023
By Hauck, Judith ; Gregor, Luke ; Nissen, Cara ; ...
Source: Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 37(11)

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Journal Title:

Global Biogeochemical Cycles
Personal Author:

Hauck, Judith ; Gregor, Luke ; Nissen, Cara ; Patara, Lavinia ; Hague, Mark ; ... More +

Hauck, Judith ; Gregor, Luke ; Nissen, Cara ; Patara, Lavinia ; Hague, Mark ; Mongwe, Precious ; Bushinsky, Seth ; Doney, Scott C. ; Gruber, Nicolas ; Le Quéré, Corinne ; Manizza, Manfredi ; Mazloff, Matthew ; Monteiro, Pedro M. S. ; Terhaar, Jens Less -
NOAA Program & Office:

NESDIS (National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service) ; NCEI (National Centers for Environmental Information) ; OAR (Oceanic and Atmospheric Research)

NESDIS (National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service) ; NCEI (National Centers for Environmental Information) ; OAR (Oceanic and Atmospheric Research) Less -
Description:

We assess the Southern Ocean CO2 uptake (1985–2018) using data sets gathered in the REgional Carbon Cycle Assessment and Processes Project Phase 2. The Southern Ocean acted as a sink for CO2 with close agreement between simulation results from global ocean biogeochemistry models (GOBMs, 0.75 ± 0.28 PgC yr−1) and pCO2‐observation‐based products (0.73 ± 0.07 PgC yr−1). This sink is only half that reported by RECCAP1 for the same region and timeframe. The present‐day net uptake is to first order a response to rising atmospheric CO2, driving large amounts of anthropogenic CO2 (Cant) into the ocean, thereby overcompensating the loss of natural CO2 to the atmosphere. An apparent knowledge gap is the increase of the sink since 2000, with pCO2‐products suggesting a growth that is more than twice as strong and uncertain as that of GOBMs (0.26 ± 0.06 and 0.11 ± 0.03 Pg C yr−1 decade−1, respectively). This is despite nearly identical pCO2 trends in GOBMs and pCO2‐products when both products are compared only at the locations where pCO2 was measured. Seasonal analyses revealed agreement in driving processes in winter with uncertainty in the magnitude of outgassing, whereas discrepancies are more fundamental in summer, when GOBMs exhibit difficulties in simulating the effects of the non‐thermal processes of biology and mixing/circulation. Ocean interior accumulation of Cant points to an underestimate of Cant uptake and storage in GOBMs. Future work needs to link surface fluxes and interior ocean transport, build long overdue systematic observation networks and push toward better process understanding of drivers of the carbon cycle.
Source:

Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 37(11)
DOI:

https://doi.org/10.1029/2023gb007848
ISSN:

0886-6236;1944-9224;
Format:

PDF
Publisher:

American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Document Type:

Journal Article
Funding:

Grant no. NA21OAR4310260
License:

https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Rights Information:

CC BY
Compliance:

Library
Main Document Checksum:

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urn:sha-512:9aaf10c815722fed66fa8b1ba29c02a7707494d9cbcf5ee90249833230d8128f326e5d74056fe21582ae11c91d17928b996f3ea524a4c9487c8334116506eafa
Download URL:

https://repository.library.noaa.gov/view/noaa/64768/noaa_64768_DS1.pdf
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