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Estimating full longwave and shortwave radiative transfer with neural networks of varying complexity



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  • Journal Title:
    Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology
  • Personal Author:
  • NOAA Program & Office:
  • Description:
    Radiative transfer (RT) is a crucial but computationally expensive process in numerical weather/climate prediction. We develop neural networks (NN) to emulate a common RT parameterization called the Rapid Radiative-transfer Model (RRTM), with the goal of creating a faster parameterization for the Global Forecast System (GFS) v16. In previous work we emulated a highly simplified version of the shortwave RRTM only – excluding many predictor variables, driven by Rapid Refresh forecasts interpolated to a consistent height grid, using only 30 sites in the northern hemisphere. In this work we emulate the full shortwave and longwave RRTM – with all predictor variables, driven by GFSv16 forecasts on the native pressure-sigma grid, using data from around the globe. We experiment with NNs of widely varying complexity, including the U-net++ and U-net3+ architectures and deeply supervised training, designed to ensure realistic and accurate structure in gridded predictions. We evaluate the optimal shortwave NN and optimal longwave NN in great detail – as a function of geographic location, cloud regime, and other weather types. Both NNs produce extremely reliable heating rates and fluxes. The shortwave NN has an overall RMSE/MAE/bias of 0.14/0.08/-0.002 K day−1 for heating rate and 6.3/4.3/-0.1 W m−2 for net flux. Analogous numbers for the longwave NN are 0.22/0.12/-0.0006 K day−1 and 1.07/0.76/+0.01 W m−2. Both NNs perform well in nearly all situations, and the shortwave (longwave) NN is 7510 (90) times faster than the RRTM. Both will soon be tested online in the GFSv16.
  • Keywords:
  • Source:
    Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology (2023)
  • DOI:
  • ISSN:
    0739-0572 ; 1520-0426
  • Publisher:
    American Meteorological Society
  • Document Type:
    Journal Article
  • Funding:
    Grant no. NA19OAR4320073
  • Rights Information:
    Other
  • Compliance:
    Library
  • Main Document Checksum:
    urn:sha256:8c4a9c2fdfda6121be5b73eace1df414ad1ed4a7dfb625046fc6119a15a6e3f2
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  • File Type:
    Filetype[PDF - 14.76 MB ]
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