The NOAA IR serves as an archival repository of NOAA-published products including scientific findings, journal articles, guidelines, recommendations, or other information authored or co-authored by NOAA or funded partners.
As a repository, the NOAA IR retains documents in their original published format to ensure public access to scientific information.
i
Gulf of Mexico Hypoxia: Past, Present, and Future
-
2019
-
Source: Limnology and Oceanography Bulletin, 28(4), 117-124
[PDF-5.12 MB]
Details:
-
Journal Title:Limnology and Oceanography Bulletin
-
Personal Author:
-
NOAA Program & Office:
-
Description:One of the largest human‐caused areas of bottom‐water oxygen deficiency in the coastal ocean is on the northern Gulf of Mexico continental shelf adjacent to the Mississippi River, which discharges nitrogen and phosphorus loads into its surface waters. The beginnings of seasonal hypoxia (≤2 mg l−1 dissolved oxygen) in this area was in the 1950s with an acceleration in the worsening of severity during the 1970s. Currently, the bottom area of hypoxic areas can approach 23,000 km2, and the volume, 140 km3. Ecosystems, people, and economies are now at risk within the Mississippi River watershed and in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Strengthened nitrogen and phosphorus mitigation, altered agriculture practices, and reduction in carbon and nutrient footprints are key to the recovery of these systems. In this article, we review the past, present, and possible future conditions of the northern Gulf of Mexico and provide insight into possible management actions.
-
Keywords:
-
Source:Limnology and Oceanography Bulletin, 28(4), 117-124
-
DOI:
-
ISSN:1539-607X;1539-6088;
-
Format:
-
Publisher:
-
Document Type:
-
Funding:
-
License:
-
Rights Information:CC BY
-
Compliance:Library
-
Main Document Checksum:
-
Download URL:
-
File Type:
