Surface ocean warming near the core of hurricane Sam and its representation in forecast models

Chiodi, Andrew M.; Hristova, Hristina; Foltz, Gregory R.; Zhang, Jun A.; Mordy, Calvin W.; Edwards, Catherine R.; Zhang, Chidong; Meinig, Christian; Zhang, Dongxiao; Mazza, Edoardo; Cokelet, Edward D.; Burger, Eugene F.; Bringas, Francis; Goni, Gustavo; Kim, Hyun-Sook; Chen, Sue; Triñanes, Joaquin; Bailey, Kathleen; O’Brien, Kevin M.; Morales-Caez, Maria; Lawrence-Slavas, Noah; Chen, Shuyi S.; Chen, Xingchao

doi:10.3389/fmars.2023.1297974

i

Surface ocean warming near the core of hurricane Sam and its representation in forecast models

2024
By Chiodi, Andrew M. ; Hristova, Hristina ; Foltz, Gregory R. ; ...

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Journal Title:

Frontiers in Marine Science
Personal Author:

Chiodi, Andrew M. ; Hristova, Hristina ; Foltz, Gregory R. ; Zhang, Jun A. ; Mordy, Calvin W. ; Edwards, Catherine R. ; Zhang, Chidong ; Meinig, Christian ; Zhang, Dongxiao ; Mazza, Edoardo ; Cokelet, Edward D. ; Burger, Eugene F. ; Bringas, Francis ; Goni, Gustavo ; Kim, Hyun-Sook ; Chen, Sue ; Triñanes, Joaquin ; Bailey, Kathleen ; O’Brien, Kevin M. ; Morales-Caez, Maria ; Lawrence-Slavas, Noah ; Chen, Shuyi S. ; Chen, Xingchao
NOAA Program & Office:

OAR (Oceanic and Atmospheric Research) ; AOML (Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory) ; PMEL (Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory) ; NOS (National Ocean Service) ; IOOS (Integrated Ocean Observing System) ; CICOES (Cooperative Institute for Climate, Ocean and Ecosystem Studies) ; CIMAR (Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research) ; CIMAS (Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies)
Description:

On September 30, 2021, a saildrone uncrewed surface vehicle intercepted Hurricane Sam in the northwestern tropical Atlantic and provided continuous observations near the eyewall. Measured surface ocean temperature unexpectedly increased during the first half of the storm. Saildrone current shear and upper-ocean structure from the nearest Argo profiles show an initial trapping of wind momentum by a strong halocline in the upper 30 m, followed by deeper mixing and entrainment of warmer subsurface water into the mixed layer. The ocean initial conditions provided to operational forecast models failed to capture the observed upper-ocean structure. The forecast models failed to simulate the warming and developed a surface cold bias of ~0.5°C by the time peak winds were observed, resulting in a 12-17% underestimation of surface enthalpy flux near the eyewall. Results imply that enhanced upper-ocean observations and, critically, improved assimilation into the hurricane forecast systems, could directly benefit hurricane intensity forecasts.
Keywords:

Aquatic Science Global And Planetary Change Ocean Engineering Oceanography Water Science And Technology Global And Planetary Change Water Science And Technology Global And Planetary Change Water Science And Technology
Source:

Frontiers in Marine Science, 10
DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2023.1297974
ISSN:

2296-7745
Format:

PDF
Publisher:

Frontiers Media SA
Document Type:

Journal Article
License:

https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Rights Information:

CC BY
Compliance:

Submitted
Main Document Checksum:

urn:sha256:fbc848f5c90c6336549e2d7ace89a5ed0cb0536a58fd8f85b0377724eb6aebf2
Download URL:

https://repository.library.noaa.gov/view/noaa/56643/noaa_56643_DS1.pdf
File Type:

[PDF - 13.29 MB ]

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