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Environmental perfluorooctane sulfonate exposure drives T cell activation in bottlenose dolphins

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  • Journal Title:
    Journal of Applied Toxicology
  • Personal Author:
  • NOAA Program & Office:
    NOS (National Ocean Service)
  • Description:
    Perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) are highly stable compounds that have been associated with immunotoxicity in epidemiologic studies and experimental rodent models. Lengthy half‐lives and resistance to environmental degradation result in bioaccumulation of PFAAs in humans and wildlife. Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), the most prevalent PFAA detected within the environment, is found at high levels in occupationally exposed humans. We have monitored the environmental exposure of dolphins in the Charleston, SC region for over 10 years and levels of PFAAs, and PFOS in particular, were significantly elevated. As dolphins may serve as large mammal sentinels to identify the impact of environmental chemical exposure on human disease, we sought to assess the effect of environmental PFAAs on the cellular immune system in highly exposed dolphins. Herein, we utilized a novel flow cytometry‐based assay to examine T cell‐specific responses to environmental PFAA exposure ex vivo and to exogenous PFOS exposure in vitro. Baseline PFOS concentrations were associated with significantly increased CD4<jats:sup>+</jats:sup> and CD8<jats:sup>+</jats:sup> T cell proliferation from a heterogeneous resident dolphin population. Further analysis demonstrated that in vitro exposure to environmentally relevant levels of PFOS promoted proinflammatory cytokine production and proliferation in a dose‐dependent manner. Collectively, these findings indicate that PFOS is capable of inducing proinflammatory interferon‐gamma, but not immunoregulatory interleukin‐4 production in T cells, which may establish a state of chronic immune activation known to be associated with susceptibility to disease. These findings suggest that PFOS directly dysregulates the dolphin cellular immune system and has implications for health hazards. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
  • Keywords:
  • Source:
    Journal of Applied Toxicology, 37(9), 1108-1116
  • DOI:
  • Format:
    PDF
  • Document Type:
    Journal Article
  • Rights Information:
    Accepted Manuscript
  • Rights Statement:
    The NOAA IR provides access to this content under the authority of the government's retained license to distribute publications and data resulting from federal funding. While users may legally access this content, the copyright owners retain rights that govern the reproduction, redistribution, and re-use of this work. The user is solely responsible for complying with applicable copyright law.
  • Compliance:
    Submitted
  • Main Document Checksum:
    urn:sha-512:ac1e25d20551767934deb7005c29761cfce6f02b6933d2c61e146c5a8831034f67193871a82e7835a8d10803ea237294ab8ccc20551df5487fc5654deaf4117c
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  • File Type:
    Filetype[PDF - 1.31 MB ]

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