Retrievals of ice cloud properties require accurate estimates of ice particle mass. Empirical mass–dimensional (m–D) relationships in the form m=aDb are widely used and usually universally applied across the complete range of particle sizes. For the first time, the dependence of a and b coefficients in m–D relationships on median mass diameter (Dmm) is studied. Using combined cloud microphysical data collected during the Olympic Mountains Experiment and coincident observations from Airborne Precipitation Radar Third Generation, Dmm-dependent (a, b) coefficients are derived and represented as surfaces of equally plausible solutions determined by some tolerance in the chi-squared difference χ2 that minimizes the difference between observed and retrieved radar reflectivity. Robust dependences of a and b on Dmm are shown with both parameters significantly decreasing with Dmm, leading to smaller effective densities for larger Dmm ranges. A universally applied constant m–D relationship overestimates the mass of large aggregates when Dmm is between 3–6 mm and temperatures are between −15–0 °C. Multiple m–D relations should be applied for different Dmm ranges in retrievals and simulations to account for the variability of particle sizes that are responsible for the mass and thus for the variability of particle shapes and densities.
2021 | Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences. 78(1): 1-12
Description:
Many fisheries and marine science organizations are working to determine how to meet their missions in the midst of the COVID-19 outbreak. As such, it...
2017 | ICES Journal of Marine Science, 74(7): 2040-2052
Description:
Modern approaches to Ecosystem-Based Management and sustainable use of marine resources must account for the myriad of pressures (interspecies, human ...
2017 | ICES Journal of Marine Science, 74(7): 1947-1956
Description:
The World Ocean presents many opportunities, with the blue economy projected to at least double in the next two decades. However, capitalizing on thes...
2017 | ICES Journal of Marine Science, 74(7): 1965–1980
Description:
What do you get when a lawyer, a modeller, an economist, a social scientist and an ecologist talk about the ocean? Besides an interesting conversation...
2021 | Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology, 60(3), 341-359
Description:
With the launch of the Global Precipitation Measurement Dual-Frequency Precipitation Radar (GPM-DPR) in 2014, renewed interest in retrievals of snowfa...
In 2016, temperature recorders were recovered, temperatures were measured, and fluid samples were collected from Vent 1, a high temperature (338°C) h...
2021 | Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 102(4), E894-E928
Description:
Weather and climate models are challenged by uncertainties and biases in simulating Southern Ocean (SO) radiative fluxes that trace to a poor understa...
2020 | Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 125, e2019JD032237
Description:
The bulk microphysical properties and number distribution functions (N(D)) of supercooled liquid water (SLW) and ice inside and between ubiquitous gen...
2020 | Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 125, e2020JD032465
Description:
Focusing on conditions of subsidence when low clouds are present, ground-based observations in both the North Atlantic and the Southern Ocean reveal s...
Few studies have assessed combined satellite, lightning, and radar databases to diagnose severe storm potential. The research goal here is to evaluate...
2020 | Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 125, e2020JD032514
Description:
An atmospheric river affecting Australia and the Southern Ocean on 28–29 January 2018 during the Southern Ocean Clouds, Radiation, Aerosol Transport...
2020 | Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 125, e2020JD032513
Description:
An atmospheric river (AR) impacting Tasmania, Australia, and the Southern Ocean during the austral summer on 28–29 January 2018 during the Southern ...
Accurate cloud and precipitation forecasts are a fundamental component of short-range data assimilation/model prediction systems such as the NOAA 3-km...
2021 | Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology, 60(3), 237-254
Description:
A spatial mismatch between radar-based hail swaths and surface hail reports is commonly noted in meteorological literature. The discrepancy is partly ...
Uncrewed aircraft system (UAS) observations collected during the 2018 Lower Atmospheric Process Studies at Elevation—a Remotely Piloted Aircraft Tea...
2020 | Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, 37(9), 1623-1642
Description:
A novel way to process polarimetric radar data collected via plan position indicator (PPI) scans and display those data in a time–height format is i...
Although environmental controls on bulk supercell potential and hazards have been studied extensively, relationships between environmental conditions ...
Research has shown that dual-polarization (dual-pol) data currently available to National Weather Service forecasters could provide important informat...
Tornadoes cause billions of dollars in damage and over 100 fatalities on average annually. Yet, an indirect cost to these storms is found in lost sale...
Radar reflectivity contains information about hydrometeors and plays an important role in the initialization of convective-scale numerical weather pre...
Remote-sensing observations are needed to estimate the regional and global impacts of snow. However, to retrieve accurate estimates of snow mass and r...
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