The Critical Role of Non-Normality in Partitioning Tropical and Extratropical Contributions to PNA Growth

Henderson, Stephanie A.; Vimont, Daniel J.; Newman, Matthew

doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0555.1

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The Critical Role of Non-Normality in Partitioning Tropical and Extratropical Contributions to PNA Growth

2020
By Henderson, Stephanie A. ; Vimont, Daniel J. ; Newman, Matthew
Source: Journal of Climate, 33(14), 6273-6295.

[PDF-4.59 MB]

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Journal Title:

Journal of Climate
Personal Author:

Henderson, Stephanie A. ; Vimont, Daniel J. ; Newman, Matthew

Henderson, Stephanie A. ; Vimont, Daniel J. ; Newman, Matthew Less -
NOAA Program & Office:

OAR (Oceanic and Atmospheric Research) ; PSL (Physical Sciences Laboratory) ; CPO (Climate Program Office) ; CIRES (Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences)

OAR (Oceanic and Atmospheric Research) ; PSL (Physical Sciences Laboratory) ; CPO (Climate Program Office) ; CIRES (Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences) Less -
Description:

The Pacific–North American (PNA) teleconnection pattern has been linked both to tropical phenomena, including the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) and El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), and to internal extratropical processes, including interactions with the zonally varying basic state and synoptic eddies. Many questions remain, however, concerning how these various relationships act, both separately and together, to yield observed PNA variability. Using linear inverse modeling (LIM), this study finds that the development and amplification of PNA anomalies largely results from the interference of modes strongly coupled to sea surface temperatures (SST), such as ENSO, and modes internal to the atmosphere, including the MJO. These SST-coupled and “internal atmospheric” modes form subspaces that are not orthogonal, and PNA growth is shown to occur via non-normal interactions. An internal atmospheric space LIM is developed to examine growth beyond this interference by removing the SST-coupled modes, effectively removing ENSO and retaining MJO variability. Optimal PNA growth in the internal atmospheric space LIM is driven by MJO heating, particularly over the Indian Ocean, and a retrograding northeast Pacific streamfunction anomaly. Additionally, the individual contributions of tropical heating and the extratropical circulation on PNA growth are investigated. The non-normal PNA growth is an important result, demonstrating the difficulty in partitioning PNA variance into contributions from different phenomena. This cautionary result is likely applicable to many geophysical phenomena and should be considered in attribution studies.
Keywords:

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El Niño–Southern Oscillation Madden-Julian Oscillation Teleconnections Modeling, Analysis, Predictions and Projections (MAPP) Program
Source:

Journal of Climate, 33(14), 6273-6295.
DOI:

https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0555.1
Document Type:

Journal Article
Funding:

Grant no. NA15OAR4310097
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Submitted
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urn:sha256:64a7e4332afea8aafa48c31b29a464853f9a4942d0a3b52d5b96269c80144ac8
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https://repository.library.noaa.gov/view/noaa/31093/noaa_31093_DS1.pdf
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The Critical Role of Non-Normality in Partitioning Tropical and Extratropical Contributions to PNA Growth

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