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Decade-long deep-ocean warming detected in the subtropical South Pacific
Filetype[PDF-1.21 MB]


Details:
  • Personal Author:
  • Description:
    The persistent energy imbalance at the top of the atmosphere, inferred from satellite measurements, indicates that the Earth's climate system continues to accumulate excess heat. As only sparse and irregular measurements of ocean heat below 2000m depth exist, one of the most challenging questions in global climate change studies is whether the excess heat has already penetrated into the deep ocean. Here we perform a comprehensive analysis of satellite and in situ measurements to report that a significant deep-ocean warming occurred in the subtropical South Pacific Ocean over the past decade (2005-2014). The local accumulation of heat accounted for up to a quarter of the global ocean heat increase, with directly and indirectly inferred deep ocean (below 2000m) contribution of 2.41.4 and 6.1-10.14.4%, respectively. We further demonstrate that this heat accumulation is consistent with a decade-long intensification of the subtropical convergence, possibly linked to the persistent La Nina-like state.

  • DOI:
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2016gl071661
  • Document Type:
    Journal Article
  • Collection(s):
    Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research (OAR)
  • Main Document Checksum:
  • Supporting Files:
    No Additional Files
    1. Characteristics and causes of Deep Western Boundary Current transport variability at 34.5 degrees S during 2009-2014
      Personal Author:
      Meinen, C. S.; Garzoli, S. L.; Perez, R. C.; Campos, E.; Piola, A. R.; Chidichimo, M. P.; Dong, S. F.; Sato, O. T.;
      Published Date:
      2017
      Source:
      Ocean Science, 13(1), 175-194.
      Series:
      CIMAS (Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies)
      Description:
      The Deep Western Boundary Current (DWBC) at 34.5 degrees S in the South Atlantic carries a significant fraction of the cold deep limb of the Meridional Overturning Circulation (MOC), and therefore its variability affects the meridional heat transport...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 7.48 MB]
    2. North Atlantic Ocean OSSE system development: Nature Run evaluation and application to hurricane interaction with the Gulf Stream
      Personal Author:
      Kourafalou, V. H.; Androulidakis, Y. S.; Halliwell, G. R.; Kang, H.; Mehari, M. M.; Le Henaff, M.; Atlas, R.; Lumpkin, R.;
      Published Date:
      2016
      Source:
      Progress in Oceanography, 148, 1-25.
      Series:
      CIMAS (Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies)
      Description:
      A high resolution, free-running model has been developed for the hurricane region of the North Atlantic Ocean. The model is evaluated with a variety of observations to ensure that it adequately represents both the ocean climatology and variability ov...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 4.00 MB]
    3. In Situ Initiation of East Pacific Easterly Waves in a Regional Model
      Personal Author:
      Rydbeck, A. V.; Maloney, E. D.; Alaka, G. J.;
      Published Date:
      2017
      Source:
      Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 74(2), 333-351.
      Series:
      CIMAS (Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies)
      Description:
      The in situ generation of easterly waves (EWs) in the east Pacific (EPAC) is investigated using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model. The sensitivity of the model to the suppression of EW forcing by locally generated convective disturbanc...
      File Type:
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    4. A Severe Weather Quick Observing System Simulation Experiment (QuickOSSE) of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Radio Occultation (RO) Superconstellations
      Personal Author:
      Leidner, S. M.; Nehrkorn, T.; Henderson, J.; Mountain, M.; Yunck, T.; Hoffman, R. N.;
      Published Date:
      2017
      Source:
      Monthly Weather Review, 145(2), 637-651.
      Series:
      CIMAS (Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies)
      Description:
      Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) radio occultations (RO) over the last 10 years have proved to be a valuable and essentially unbiased data source for operational global numerical weather prediction. However, the existing sampling coverage is...
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    5. Role of Mixed Layer Dynamics in Tropical North Atlantic Interannual Sea Surface Temperature Variability
      Personal Author:
      Rugg, A.; Foltz, G. R.; Perez, R. C.;
      Published Date:
      2016
      Source:
      Journal of Climate, 29(22), 8083-8101.
      Series:
      CIMAS (Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies)
      Description:
      This study examines the causes of observed sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in the tropical North Atlantic between 1982 and 2015. The emphasis is on the boreal winter and spring seasons, when tropical Atlantic SSTs project strongly onto the At...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 1.96 MB]
    6. Passive drift or active swimming in marine organisms?
      Personal Author:
      Putman, N. F.; Lumpkin, R.; Sacco, A. E.; Mansfield, K. L.;
      Published Date:
      2016
      Source:
      Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 283(1844), 20161689.
      Series:
      CIMAS (Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies)
      Description:
      Predictions of organismal movements in a fluid require knowing the fluid's velocity and potential contributions of the organism's behaviour (e.g. swimming or flying). While theoretical aspects of this work are reasonably well-developed, field-based v...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 1.15 MB]
    7. Remote sources for year-to-year changes in the seasonality of the Florida Current transport
      Personal Author:
      Domingues, R.; Baringer, M.; Goni, G.;
      Published Date:
      2016
      Source:
      Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans, 121(10), 7547-7559.
      Series:
      CIMAS (Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies)
      Description:
      The seasonal variability of the Florida Current (FC) transport is often characterized by the presence of an average annual cycle (8% of the variance) of approximate to 3 Sv range peaking in boreal summer. However, the seasonality displayed by the FC ...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 1.75 MB]
    8. Warming Trends and Bleaching Stress of the World's Coral Reefs 1985-2012
      Personal Author:
      Heron, S. F.; Maynard, J. A.; van Hooidonk, R.; Eakin, C. M.;
      Published Date:
      2016
      Source:
      Scientific Reports, 6, 38402.
      Series:
      CIMAS (Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies)
      Description:
      Coral reefs across the world's oceans are in the midst of the longest bleaching event on record (from 2014 to at least 2016). As many of the world's reefs are remote, there is limited information on how past thermal conditions have influenced reef co...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 1.92 MB]
    9. Analysis of flight MH370 potential debris trajectories using ocean observations and numerical model results
      Personal Author:
      Trinanes, J. A.; Olascoaga, M. J.; Goni, G. J.; Maximenko, N. A.; Griffin, D. A.; Hafner, J.;
      Published Date:
      2016
      Source:
      Journal of Operational Oceanography, 9(2), 126-138.
      Series:
      CIMAS (Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies)
      Description:
      Malaysian Airlines flight MH370 disappeared in March 2014. Potential sites of where the plane entered the water are considered within a vast region of the Indian Ocean. We present a methodology to assess the potential crash site based on where airpla...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 1.33 MB]
    10. Eutrophication-induced acidification of coastal waters in the northern Gulf of Mexico: Insights into origin and processes from a coupled physical-biogeochemical model
      Personal Author:
      Laurent, A.; Fennel, K.; Cai, W. J.; Huang, W. J.; Barbero, L.; Wanninkhof, R.;
      Published Date:
      2017
      Source:
      Geophysical Research Letters, 44(2), 946-956.
      Series:
      CIMAS (Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies)
      Description:
      Nutrient inputs from the Mississippi/Atchafalaya River system into the northern Gulf of Mexico promote high phytoplankton production and lead to high respiration rates. Respiration coupled with water column stratification results in seasonal summer h...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 1.84 MB]
    11. Hurricane interaction with the upper ocean in the Amazon-Orinoco plume region
      Personal Author:
      Androulidakis, Y.; Kourafalou, V.; Halliwell, G.; Le Henaff, M.; Kang, H.; Mehari, M.; Atlas, R.;
      Published Date:
      2016
      Source:
      Ocean Dynamics, 66(12), 1559-1588.
      Series:
      CIMAS (Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies)
      Description:
      The evolution of three successive hurricanes (Katia, Maria, and Ophelia) is investigated over the river plume area formed by the Amazon and Orinoco river outflows during September of 2011. The study focuses on hurricane impacts on the ocean structure...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 6.80 MB]
    12. Enhanced macroboring and depressed calcification drive net dissolution at high-CO2 coral reefs
      Personal Author:
      Enochs, I. C.; Manzello, D. P.; Kolodziej, G.; Noonan, S. H. C.; Valentino, L.; Fabricius, K. E.;
      Published Date:
      2016
      Source:
      Proceedings of the Royal Society B-Biological Sciences, 283(1842), 8.
      Series:
      CIMAS (Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies)
      Description:
      Ocean acidification (OA) impacts the physiology of diverse marine taxa; among them corals that create complex reef framework structures. Biological processes operating on coral reef frameworks remain largely unknown from naturally high-carbon-dioxide...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 854.71 KB]
    13. Coral Reefs and People in a High-CO2 World: Where Can Science Make a Difference to People?
      Personal Author:
      Pendleton, L.; Comte, A.; Langdon, C.; Ekstrom, J. A.; Cooley, S. R.; Suatoni, L.; Beck, M. W.; Brander, L. M.; Burke, L.; Cinner, J. E.; Doherty, C.; Edwards, P. E. T.; Gledhill, D.; Jiang, L. Q.; van Hooidonk, R. J.; Teh, L.; Waldbusser, G. G.; Ritter, J.;
      Published Date:
      2016
      Source:
      Plos One, 11(11), 21.
      Series:
      CIMAS (Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies)
      Description:
      Reefs and People at Risk Increasing levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere put shallow, warm-water coral reef ecosystems, and the people who depend upon them at risk from two key global environmental stresses: 1) elevated sea surface temperature ...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 2.06 MB]
    14. Local-scale projections of coral reef futures and implications of the Paris Agreement
      Personal Author:
      van Hooidonk, R.; Maynard, J.; Tamelander, J.; Gove, J.; Ahmadia, G.; Raymundo, L.; Williams, G.; Heron, S. F.; Planes, S.;
      Published Date:
      2016
      Source:
      Scientific Reports, 6, 39666.
      Series:
      CIMAS (Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies)
      Description:
      Increasingly frequent severe coral bleaching is among the greatest threats to coral reefs posed by climate change. Global climate models (GCMs) project great spatial variation in the timing of annual severe bleaching (ASB) conditions; a point at whic...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 1.19 MB]
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