Coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch ; Central California Coast Coho salmon 5-year action plan ;

United States, National Marine Fisheries Service., Office of Protected Resources,

"Central California Coast coho salmon were first listed as a threatened species in 1996, and subsequently reclassified as endangered in 2005. This unique run of coho salmon, at the southern extent of the species' range, has teetered on the brink of extinction. All available time series show a continued and significant downward trend, poor adult returns, and an increase in the risk of extinction since 2005 (Spence and Williams 2011). The two exceptions are Russian River and Santa Cruz, California, where recent increases of adults and naturally-spawned young have been observed due to the operation of conservation hatchery program"--Page 1, paragraph 1.

Professional Paper

National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS)