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NOAA Cooperative Institutes NOAA Cooperative Institutes
NOAA Cooperative Institutes

The NOAA Cooperative Institutes are academic and non-profit research institutions that demonstrate the highest level of performance and conduct research that supports NOAA's Mission Goals and Strategic Plan. Currently, NOAA supports 17 Cooperative Institutes consisting of 58 universities and research institutions across 23 states and the District of Columbia. This collection consists of documents (technical reports and memorandum, as well as journal articles) that have been produced by these institutes in support of NOAA research through the use of NOAA funding support.

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    Climatological Estimates of Hourly Tornado Probability for the United States
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    Filetype[PDF - 1.62 MB]
    Personal Author:
    Krocak, Makenzie J. ;
    Brooks, Harold E.
    2018 | Weather and Forecasting, 33(1), 59-69
    Description:
    While there has been an abundance of research dedicated to the seasonal climatology of severe weather, very little has been done to study hazardous we...
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    Filetype[PDF - 1.62 MB]
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    Filetype[PDF - 1.62 MB]
    Considerations for Phased-Array Radar Data Use within the National Weather Service
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    Filetype[PDF - 212.39 KB]
    Personal Author:
    Wilson, K. A. ;
    Heinselman, P. L.
    ...
    2017 | Weather and Forecasting, 32(5), 1959-1965
    Description:
    Thirty National Weather Service forecasters worked with 1-, 2-, and 5-min phased-array radar (PAR) volumetric updates for a variety of weather events ...
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    Filetype[PDF - 212.39 KB]
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    Filetype[PDF - 212.39 KB]
    Reprocessing the Most Intense Historical Tropical Cyclones in the Satellite Era Using the Advanced Dvorak Technique
    Cite
    Filetype[PDF - 780.98 KB]
    Personal Author:
    Velden, Christopher ;
    Olander, Timothy
    ...
    2017 | Monthly Weather Review, 145(3), 971-983.
    Description:
    In recent years, a number of extremely powerful tropical cyclones have revived community debate on methodologies used to estimate the lifetime maximum...
    File Type:
    Filetype[PDF - 780.98 KB]
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    Filetype[PDF - 780.98 KB]
    Identification of Tropical Cyclone Storm Types Using Crowdsourcing
    Cite
    Filetype[PDF - 2.63 MB]
    Personal Author:
    Knapp, Kenneth R. ;
    Matthews, Jessica L.
    ...
    2016 | Monthly Weather Review, 144(10), 3783-3798.
    Description:
    The Cyclone Center project maintains a website that allows visitors to answer questions based on tropical cyclone satellite imagery. The goal is to pr...
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    Filetype[PDF - 2.63 MB]
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    Filetype[PDF - 2.63 MB]
    Spectral Performance and Calibration of the Suomi NPP OMPS Nadir Profiler Sensor
    Cite
    Filetype[PDF - 862.97 KB]
    Personal Author:
    Pan, C. ;
    Weng, F.
    ...
    2017 | Earth and Space Science 4(12), 737-745, 2017
    Description:
    The Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite (OMPS) is one of five instruments on board the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (Suomi NPP) satellite. A...
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    Filetype[PDF - 862.97 KB]
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    Filetype[PDF - 862.97 KB]
    Validation of Carbon Trace Gas Profile Retrievals from the NOAA-Unique Combined Atmospheric Processing System for the Cross-Track Infrared Sounder
    Cite
    Filetype[PDF - 10.58 MB]
    Personal Author:
    Nalli, Nicholas R. ;
    Tan, Changyi
    ...
    2020 | Remote Sens. 2020, 12(19), 3245
    Description:
    This paper provides an overview of the validation of National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) operational retrievals of atmospheric carb...
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    Filetype[PDF - 10.58 MB]
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    Filetype[PDF - 10.58 MB]
    The VIIRS Sea-Ice Albedo Product Generation and Preliminary Validation
    Cite
    Filetype[PDF - 7.38 MB]
    Personal Author:
    Peng, Jingjing ;
    Yu, Yunyue
    ...
    2018 | Remote Sens. 10(11), 1-23
    Description:
    Ice albedo feedback amplifies climate change signals and thus affects the global climate. Global long-term records on sea-ice albedo are important to ...
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    Filetype[PDF - 7.38 MB]
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    Filetype[PDF - 7.38 MB]
    On-orbit calibration of geostationary electron and proton flux observations for augmentation of an existing empirical radiation model
    Cite
    Filetype[PDF - 4.13 MB]
    Personal Author:
    Rodriguez, Juan V. ;
    Denton, Michael H.
    ...
    2020 | J. Space Weather Space Clim. 2020 10 28
    Description:
    Challenges faced in the quantitative use of long-term radiation belt data sets include establishing their relative accuracy and correcting for on-orbi...
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    Filetype[PDF - 4.13 MB]
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    Filetype[PDF - 4.13 MB]
    Near-Real-Time Surface-Based CAPE from Merged Hyperspectral IR Satellite Sounder and Surface Meteorological Station Data
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    Filetype[PDF - 16.74 MB]
    Personal Author:
    Bloch, Callyn ;
    Knuteson, Robert O.
    ...
    2019 | Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology, 58(8), 1613-1632.
    Description:
    Near-real-time satellite-derived temperature and moisture soundings provide information about the changing atmospheric vertical thermodynamic structur...
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    Filetype[PDF - 16.74 MB]
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    Filetype[PDF - 16.74 MB]
    Assessment of Vulnerability to Coccidioidomycosis in Arizona and California
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    Filetype[PDF - 2.31 MB]
    Personal Author:
    Shriber, Jennifer ;
    Conlon, Kathryn
    ...
    2017 | Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 14(7), 1-16
    Description:
    Coccidioidomycosis is a fungal infection endemic to the southwestern United States, particularly Arizona and California. Its incidence has increased, ...
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    Filetype[PDF - 2.31 MB]
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    A cost-effective discards-proportional at-sea monitoring allocation scheme for the groundfish fishery in New England
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    Filetype[PDF - 1016.84 KB]
    Personal Author:
    Sun, Chin-Hwa Jenny ;
    Fine, Leah
    2016 | Marine Policy, 66: 75-82
    Description:
    Discards can account for a large proportion of a fishery’s total catch and have a significant impact on the condition of stocks, so many fisheries i...
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    Filetype[PDF - 1016.84 KB]
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    Filetype[PDF - 1016.84 KB]
    Elevated Potential Instability in the Comma Head: Distribution and Development
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    Filetype[PDF - 8.06 MB]
    Personal Author:
    Rosenow, A. A. ;
    Rauber, R. M.
    ...
    2018 | Monthly Weather Review, 146(4), 1259-1278
    Description:
    The development of elevated potential instability within the comma head of a continental winter cyclone over the north-central United States is examin...
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    Filetype[PDF - 8.06 MB]
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    Filetype[PDF - 8.06 MB]
    The Navy's Earth System Prediction Capability: A new global coupled atmosphere-ocean-sea ice prediction system designed for daily to subseasonal forecasting
    Cite
    Filetype[PDF - 9.53 MB]
    Personal Author:
    Barton, Neil ;
    Metzger, E. Joseph
    ...
    2020 | Earth and Space Science, 8, e2020EA001199
    Description:
    This paper describes the new global Navy Earth System Prediction Capability (Navy-ESPC) coupled atmosphere-ocean-sea ice prediction system developed a...
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    Filetype[PDF - 9.53 MB]
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    Filetype[PDF - 9.53 MB]
    International Geomagnetic Reference Field: the thirteenth generation
    Cite
    Filetype[PDF - 3.45 MB]
    Personal Author:
    Alken, P. ;
    Thébault, E.
    ...
    2021 | Earth Planets Space 73: 49
    Description:
    In December 2019, the International Association of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy (IAGA) Division V Working Group (V-MOD) adopted the thirteenth generation...
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    Filetype[PDF - 3.45 MB]
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    Filetype[PDF - 3.45 MB]
    Where does Earth’s atmosphere get its energy?
    Cite
    Filetype[PDF - 2.15 MB]
    Personal Author:
    Kren, Andrew C. ;
    Pilewskie, Peter
    ...
    2017 | J. Space Weather Space Clim., 7, A10 (2017)
    Description:
    The Sun is Earth’s primary source of energy. In this paper, we compare the magnitude of the Sun to all other external (to the atmosphere) energy sou...
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    Filetype[PDF - 2.15 MB]
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    Detection and attribution of climate extremes in the observed record
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    Filetype[PDF - 1.62 MB]
    Personal Author:
    Easterling, David R. ;
    Kunkel, Kenneth E.
    ...
    2016 | Weather and Climate Extremes, 11, 17-27.
    Description:
    We present an overview of practices and challenges related to the detection and attribution of observed changes in climate extremes. Detection is the ...
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    Filetype[PDF - 1.62 MB]
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    Filetype[PDF - 1.62 MB]
    The tropical lapse rate steepened during the Last Glacial Maximum
    Cite
    Filetype[PDF - 474.32 KB]
    Personal Author:
    Loomis, Shannon E. ;
    Russell, James M.
    ...
    2017 | Science Advances, 3(1), e1600815.
    Description:
    The gradient of air temperature with elevation (the temperature lapse rate) in the tropics is predicted to become less steep during the coming century...
    File Type:
    Filetype[PDF - 474.32 KB]
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    Filetype[PDF - 474.32 KB]
    Optimal Climate Normals for North Atlantic Hurricane Activity
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    Filetype[PDF - 492.84 KB]
    Personal Author:
    Schreck, Carl J. ;
    Klotzbach, Philip J.
    ...
    2021 | Geophysical Research Letters, 48, e2021GL092864
    Description:
    Most climatologies use 30-year epochs that are updated at the start of each decade. They will shift from 1981–2010 to 1991–2020 in 2021. North Atl...
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    Filetype[PDF - 492.84 KB]
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    Filetype[PDF - 492.84 KB]
    Bio-optical discrimination of diatoms from other phytoplankton in the surface ocean Evaluation and refinement of a model for the Northwest Atlantic
    Cite
    Filetype[PDF - 4.54 MB]
    Personal Author:
    Kramer, Sasha J. ;
    Roesler, Collin S.
    ...
    2018 | Remote Sensing of Environment, 217: 126-143
    Description:
    Diatoms dominate global silica production and export production in the ocean; they form the base of productive food webs and fisheries. Thus, a remote...
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    Filetype[PDF - 4.54 MB]
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    A framework for national climate indicators
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    Filetype[PDF - 691.23 KB]
    Personal Author:
    Kenney, Melissa A. ;
    Janetos, Anthony C.
    ...
    2020 | Climatic Change 163, 1705–1718
    Description:
    Indicators have been proposed as critical elements for sustained climate assessment. Indicators provide a foundation for assessing change on an ongoin...
    File Type:
    Filetype[PDF - 691.23 KB]
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    Filetype[PDF - 691.23 KB]
    Deep Learning for Spatially Explicit Prediction of Synoptic-Scale Fronts
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    Filetype[PDF - 6.33 MB]
    Personal Author:
    Lagerquist, Ryan ;
    McGovern, Amy
    ...
    2019 | Weather and Forecasting, 34(4), 1137-1160
    Description:
    This paper describes the use of convolutional neural nets (CNN), a type of deep learning, to identify fronts in gridded data, followed by a novel post...
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    Filetype[PDF - 6.33 MB]
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    Filetype[PDF - 6.33 MB]
    Capturing Size and Intensity Changes of Hurricanes Irma and Maria 2017 from Polar-Orbiting Satellite Microwave Radiometers
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    Filetype[PDF - 3.81 MB]
    Personal Author:
    Tian, X. ;
    Zou, X.
    2018 | Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 75(8), 2509-2522
    Description:
    A recently refined hurricane warm-core retrieval algorithm was applied to data from multiple polar-orbiting satellites that carry the Advanced Technol...
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    Filetype[PDF - 3.81 MB]
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    Filetype[PDF - 3.81 MB]
    An Evaluation of Radar-Based Tornado Track Estimation Products by Oklahoma Public Safety Officials
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    Filetype[PDF - 1.72 MB]
    Personal Author:
    Kuster, C. M. ;
    Heinselman, P. L.
    ...
    2017 | Weather and Forecasting, 32(5), 1711-1726
    Description:
    Many public safety officials (e.g., emergency managers and first responders) use weather-radar data to inform many life-saving decisions, such as soun...
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    Filetype[PDF - 1.72 MB]
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    Filetype[PDF - 1.72 MB]
    Quantifying agricultural drought in tallgrass prairie region in the U.S. Southern Great Plains through analysis of a water-related vegetation index from MODIS images
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    Filetype[PDF - 1.51 MB]
    Personal Author:
    Zhou, Yuting ;
    Xiao, Xiangming
    ...
    2017 | Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 246: 111-122
    Description:
    Severe droughts in the Southern Great Plains (SGP: Kansas, Oklahoma, and Texas) in recent years have reduced the productivity of tallgrass prairie and...
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    Filetype[PDF - 1.51 MB]
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    Filetype[PDF - 1.51 MB]
    Modulation of Mean Wind and Turbulence in the Atmospheric Boundary Layer by Baroclinicity
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    Filetype[PDF - 3.21 MB]
    Personal Author:
    Momen, M. ;
    Bou-Zeid, E.
    ...
    2018 | Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 75(11), 3797-3821
    Description:
    This paper investigates the effects of baroclinic pressure gradients on mean flow and turbulence in the diabatic atmospheric boundary layer (ABL). Lar...
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    Filetype[PDF - 3.21 MB]
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    Filetype[PDF - 3.21 MB]
    Enhancing Satellite Oceanography-Driven Research in West Africa: a Case Study of Capacity Development in an Underserved Region
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    Filetype[PDF - 1.36 MB]
    Personal Author:
    Nyadjro, Ebenezer S. ;
    Arbic, Brian K.
    ...
    2021 | Remote Sensing in Earth Systems Sciences, 5(1-2), 1-13
    Description:
    Marine business and resources play a major role in the economics and way of life in coastal West African countries. Such countries see great profitabi...
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    Filetype[PDF - 1.36 MB]
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    Filetype[PDF - 1.36 MB]
    A description and evaluation of U.S. Climate Reference Network standardized soil moisture dataset
    Cite
    Filetype[PDF - 1.20 MB]
    Personal Author:
    Leeper, Ronald D. ;
    Bell, Jesse E.
    ...
    2019 | Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology, 58(7), 1417-1428
    Description:
    The interpretation of in situ or remotely sensed soil moisture data for drought monitoring is challenged by the sensitivity of these observations to l...
    File Type:
    Filetype[PDF - 1.20 MB]
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    Filetype[PDF - 1.20 MB]
    NOAA/NCEI and University of Colorado candidate models for IGRF-13
    Cite
    Filetype[PDF - 2.34 MB]
    Personal Author:
    Alken, P. ;
    Chulliat, A.
    ...
    2021 | Earth Planets Space 73: 44
    Description:
    The International Geomagnetic Reference Field (IGRF) is a set of parameters representing the large-scale internal part of Earth’s magnetic field. Th...
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    Filetype[PDF - 2.34 MB]
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    Filetype[PDF - 2.34 MB]
    Precipitation and fatal motor vehicle crashes: Continental analysis with high-resolution radar data
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    Filetype[PDF - 2.90 MB]
    Personal Author:
    Stevens, Scott E. ;
    Schreck, Carl J.
    ...
    2019 | Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 100(8), 1453-1461
    Description:
    Motor vehicle crashes remain a leading cause of accidental death in the United States, and weather is frequently cited as a contributing factor in fat...
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    Filetype[PDF - 2.90 MB]
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    Filetype[PDF - 2.90 MB]
    An Automated Mobile Phone Photo Relay and Display Concept Applicable to Operational Severe Weather Monitoring
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    Filetype[PDF - 2.17 MB]
    Personal Author:
    Longmore, Scott ;
    Miller, Steven
    ...
    2015 | Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, 32(7), 1356-1363
    Description:
    The increasing use of mobile phones (MPs) equipped with digital cameras and the ability to post images and information to the Internet in real time ha...
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    Filetype[PDF - 2.17 MB]
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    Filetype[PDF - 2.17 MB]
    Characterization of convective systems and their association with African easterly waves
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    Filetype[PDF - 13.21 MB]
    Personal Author:
    Semunegus, Hilawe ;
    Mekonnen, Ademe
    ...
    2017 | Int. J. Climatol, 37: 4486-4492
    Description:
    This study investigates the relationship between African easterly waves (AEWs) and different types of deep convection. It is known that AEWs impact th...
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    Filetype[PDF - 13.21 MB]
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    Filetype[PDF - 13.21 MB]
    The Climate Resilient Grid Forum
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    Filetype[PDF - 16.09 MB]
    Personal Author:
    McGuirk, Marjorie ;
    Herring, Stephanie C.
    ...
    2019 | Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 100(1), 173-176
    No Description
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    Filetype[PDF - 16.09 MB]
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    Tropical cyclone sensitivities to CO2 doubling roles of atmospheric resolution synoptic variability and background climate changes
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    Filetype[PDF - 13.16 MB]
    Personal Author:
    Vecchi, Gabriel A. ;
    Delworth, Thomas L.
    ...
    2019 | Climate Dynamics, 53: 5999–6033
    Description:
    Responses of tropical cyclones (TCs) to CO2 doubling are explored using coupled global climate models (GCMs) with increasingly refined atmospheric/lan...
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    Filetype[PDF - 13.16 MB]
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    Filetype[PDF - 13.16 MB]
    Machine Learning for Real-Time Prediction of Damaging Straight-Line Convective Wind
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    Filetype[PDF - 2.97 MB]
    Personal Author:
    Lagerquist, Ryan ;
    McGovern, Amy
    ...
    2017 | Weather and Forecasting, 32(6), 2175-2193
    Description:
    Thunderstorms in the United States cause over 100 deaths and $10 billion (U.S. dollars) in damage per year, much of which is attributable to straight-...
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    Filetype[PDF - 2.97 MB]
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    Evaluation of MRMS Snowfall Products over the Western United States
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    Filetype[PDF - 734.29 KB]
    Personal Author:
    Wen, Y. ;
    Kirstetter, P.
    ...
    2017 | Journal of Hydrometeorology, 18(6), 1707-1713
    Description:
    Snow is important to water resources and is of critical importance to society. Ground-weather-radar-based snowfall observations have been highly desir...
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    Filetype[PDF - 734.29 KB]
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    Filetype[PDF - 734.29 KB]
    The Imprint of Strong-Storm Tracks on Winter Weather in North America
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    Filetype[PDF - 3.89 MB]
    Personal Author:
    Lukens, K. E. ;
    Berbery, E. H.
    ...
    2018 | Journal of Climate, 31(5), 2057-2074
    Description:
    Northern Hemisphere winter storm tracks and their relation to winter weather are investigated using NCEP CFSR data. Storm tracks are described by isen...
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    Filetype[PDF - 3.89 MB]
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    Filetype[PDF - 3.89 MB]
    Mapping Flash Flood Severity in the United States
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    Filetype[PDF - 1.75 MB]
    Personal Author:
    Saharia, M. ;
    Kirstetter, P.
    ...
    2017 | Journal of Hydrometeorology, 18(2), 397-411
    Description:
    Flash floods, a subset of floods, are a particularly damaging natural hazard worldwide because of their multidisciplinary nature, difficulty in foreca...
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    Filetype[PDF - 1.75 MB]
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    Evaluation of Operational and Experimental Precipitation Algorithms and Microphysical Insights during IPHEx
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    Filetype[PDF - 2.73 MB]
    Personal Author:
    Erlingis, J. M. ;
    Gourley, J. J.
    ...
    2018 | Journal of Hydrometeorology, 19(1), 113-125
    Description:
    During May and June 2014, NOAA X-Pol (NOXP), the National Severe Storms Laboratory’s dual-polarized X-band mobile radar, was deployed to the Pigeon ...
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    Filetype[PDF - 2.73 MB]
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    Tropical Cyclones in Rotating RadiativeConvective Equilibrium with Coupled SST
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    Filetype[PDF - 2.00 MB]
    Personal Author:
    Zhou, Wenyu ;
    Held, Isaac M.
    ...
    2017 | Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 74(3), 879-892
    Description:
    Tropical cyclones are studied under the idealized framework of rotating radiative–convective equilibrium, achieved in a large doubly periodic f plan...
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    Filetype[PDF - 2.00 MB]
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    Forecast Impact of Assimilating Aircraft WVSS-II Water Vapor Mixing Ratio Observations in the Global Data Assimilation System GDAS
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    Filetype[PDF - 1.23 MB]
    Personal Author:
    Hoover, B. T. ;
    Santek, D. A.
    ...
    2017 | Weather and Forecasting, 32(4), 1603-1611
    Description:
    Automated aircraft observations of wind and temperature have demonstrated positive impact on numerical weather prediction since the mid-1980s. With th...
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    Filetype[PDF - 1.23 MB]
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    EFSR: Ensemble Forecast Sensitivity to Observation Error Covariance
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    Filetype[PDF - 3.72 MB]
    Personal Author:
    Hotta, D. ;
    Kalnay, E.
    ...
    2017 | Monthly Weather Review, 145(12), 5015-5031
    Description:
    Data assimilation (DA) methods require an estimate of observation error covariance as an external parameter that typically is tuned in a subjective ma...
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    Filetype[PDF - 3.72 MB]
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    Assimilation of ZDR Columns for Improving the Spinup and Forecast of Convective Storms in Storm-Scale Models: Proof-of-Concept Experiments
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    Filetype[PDF - 4.13 MB]
    Personal Author:
    Carlin, J. T. ;
    Gao, J.
    ...
    2017 | Monthly Weather Review, 145(12), 5033-5057
    Description:
    Achieving accurate storm-scale analyses and reducing the spinup time of modeled convection is a primary motivation for the assimilation of radar refle...
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    Filetype[PDF - 4.13 MB]
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    Direct Assimilation of Radar Reflectivity without Tangent Linear and Adjoint of the Nonlinear Observation Operator in the GSI-Based EnVar System: Methodology and Experiment with the 8 May 2003 Oklahoma City Tornadic Supercell
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    Filetype[PDF - 3.59 MB]
    Personal Author:
    Wang, Y. ;
    Wang, X.
    2017 | Monthly Weather Review, 145(4), 1447-1471
    Description:
    A GSI-based EnVar data assimilation system is extended to directly assimilate radar reflectivity to initialize convective-scale forecasts. When hydrom...
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    Filetype[PDF - 3.59 MB]
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    Volatility of Tornadogenesis: An Ensemble of Simulated Nontornadic and Tornadic Supercells in VORTEX2 Environments
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    Filetype[PDF - 5.93 MB]
    Personal Author:
    Coffer, B. E. ;
    Parker, M. D.
    ...
    2017 | Monthly Weather Review, 145(11), 4605-4625
    Description:
    Despite an increased understanding of the environments that favor tornado formation, a high false-alarm rate for tornado warnings still exists, sugges...
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    Filetype[PDF - 5.93 MB]
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    Asymmetric oceanic response to a hurricane: Deep water observations during Hurricane Isaac
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    Filetype[PDF - 5.45 MB]
    Personal Author:
    Spencer, Laura J. ;
    DiMarco, Steven F.
    ...
    2016 | Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans, 121(10), 7619-7649.
    Description:
    The eye of Hurricane Isaac passed through the center of an array of six deep water water-column current meter moorings deployed in the northern Gulf o...
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    Filetype[PDF - 5.45 MB]
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    Filetype[PDF - 5.45 MB]
    Monitoring the VIIRS Sensor Data Records Reflective Solar Band Calibrations Using DCC With Collocated CrIS Measurements
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    Filetype[PDF - 4.82 MB]
    Personal Author:
    Gong, Xinya ;
    Li, Zhenglong
    ...
    2019 | Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 124(15), 8688-8706
    Description:
    As uniform and stable objects, deep convective clouds (DCCs) are often used to monitor the calibration stabilities of the reflective solar bands (RSBs...
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    Filetype[PDF - 4.82 MB]
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    Filetype[PDF - 4.82 MB]
    Impacts of Observation Errors on Hurricane Forecasts When Assimilating Hyperspectral Infrared Sounder Radiances in Partially Cloudy Skies
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    Filetype[PDF - 26.89 MB]
    Personal Author:
    Wang, Pei ;
    Li, Jun
    ...
    2019 | Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 124(20), 10802-10813.
    Description:
    Abstract Hyperspectral infrared (IR) sounders provide high vertical resolution atmospheric sounding information that can improve the forecast accuracy...
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    Filetype[PDF - 26.89 MB]
    File Type:
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    An Improved Lyman-alpha Composite
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    Filetype[PDF - 6.40 MB]
    Personal Author:
    Machol, J. ;
    Snow, M.
    ...
    2019 | Earth and Space Sci. (2019) 6(12): 2263-2272
    Description:
    The hydrogen Lyman‐alpha (Lyman α) line at 121.56 nm is the strongest solar vacuum ultraviolet emission line. Especially because of the impacts on ...
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    Filetype[PDF - 6.40 MB]
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    Filetype[PDF - 6.40 MB]
    Mapping the Lateral Development of Lightning Flashes From Orbit
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    Filetype[PDF - 2.00 MB]
    Personal Author:
    Peterson, Michael ;
    Rudlosky, Scott
    ...
    2018 | Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 123(19), 9674-9687, 2018
    Description:
    Optical lightning measurements from the Lightning Imaging Sensor (LIS) are used to map the lateral development of lightning flashes and produce statis...
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    Filetype[PDF - 2.00 MB]
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    A global database of Holocene paleotemperature records
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    Filetype[PDF - 9.34 MB]
    Personal Author:
    Kaufman, Darrell ;
    McKay, Nicholas
    ...
    2020 | Scientific Data, 7
    Description:
    A comprehensive database of paleoclimate records is needed to place recent warming into the longer-term context of natural climate variability. We pre...
    File Type:
    Filetype[PDF - 9.34 MB]
    File Type:
    Filetype[PDF - 9.34 MB]
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