NOAA technical memorandum NMFS-PIFSC ; 48

part I. Biological assessment and identification of threats of the humphead wrasse (Cheilinus undulatus) / Krista S. Graham -- part II. Assessment of extinction risk for the humphead wrasse (Cheilinus undulatus) / Dr. Christofer H. Boggs, Dr. Edward E. DeMartini, Dr. Robert E. Schroeder, and Michael S. Trianni.

"This status review was conducted in response to a petition to list the humphead wrasse under the Endangered Species Act (ESA) (WildEarth Guardians submitted to U.S. Secretary of Commerce, Acting through the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS or NOAA Fisheries), October 31, 2012, 'Petition to list the humphead wrasse (Cheilinus undulatus) under the U.S. Endangered Species Act'). NMFS evaluated the petition to determine whether the petitioner provided substantial information as required by the ESA to list a species. On February 28, 2013, NMFS determined that the petition did present substantial scientific and commercial information, or cited such information in other sources, and therefore the petitioned action may be warranted. This finding was published in the Federal Register (78 FR 13614; February 28, 2013). Subsequently, NMFS initiated a status review of the humphead wrasse. This status review is comprised of two components. Part I: The 'Biological Assessment and Identification of Threats' of the species, compiles the best available information on the status of the humphead wrasse as required by the ESA and identifies threats to the species' survival. Part II: The 'Assessment of Extinction Risk' for the species, provides the methods and conclusions of the NMFS Extinction Risk Analysis (ERA) Team on the current and future extinction risks to the humphead wrasse"--Executive summary. [doi:10.7289/V55X26ZR (http://dx.doi.org/10.7289/V55X26ZR)]

National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS)