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Multi-decadal validation of the Budyko framework in mainland China: A watershed-climate-geographic zoning approach



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  • Journal Title:
    Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies
  • Personal Author:
    Chao, Lijun ; Han, Xiao ; Zhang, Ke ; Wang, Sheng ORCID ICON IMG ; Xu, Junzeng ; Wang, Guoqing ; Hong, Yi
  • NOAA Program & Office:
    CIGLR (Cooperative Institute for Great Lakes Research)
  • Description:
    Study region Mainland China, covering diverse hydroclimatic and physiographic regions, during 1980-2022. Study focus This study evaluated the applicability of the Budyko-Fu framework across mainland China using three regionalization schemes: watershed boundaries, climatic zones, and geographical regions. The analysis examined spatial heterogeneity in model performance and in the Budyko parameter ω, and compared how different zoning approaches affect large-scale Budyko assessment in a geographically complex setting. New hydrological insights for the region The Budyko framework showed moderate applicability across mainland China, with pronounced regional heterogeneity. Watershed-based regionalization performed best overall (R² = 0.45), whereas climate-based zoning performed best after excluding predefined impacted areas (R² = 0.69). Poorer model performance was concentrated in regions affected by glacier melt, strong climatic heterogeneity, and intensive human disturbance, indicating that large-scale Budyko assessment in mainland China depends strongly on the match between regionalization units and hydroclimatic controls. The proposed identify-exclude-optimize strategy provides methodological guidance for applying the Budyko framework in other spatially heterogeneous regions.
  • Source:
    Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies, 66, 103559
  • DOI:
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2026.103559
  • ISSN:
    2214-5818
  • Format:
    pdf
  • Publisher:
    Elsevier BV
  • Document Type:
    Journal Article
  • License:
    https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
  • Rights Information:
    CC BY-NC
  • Compliance:
    Library
  • Download URL:
    https://repository.library.noaa.gov/view/noaa/75860/noaa_75860_DS1.pdf
  • File Type:
    Filetype[PDF - 14.12 MB]
  • Collection(s):
    NOAA Cooperative Institutes
  • Main Document Checksum:
    urn:sha-512:5fc7389ede7b83b60950739c1f83ab151838bb46029fd0ae3cb0d68b3bb29a805259748f97f59eafd83fe6c8a73e4e7fa56d487dcfb660b702d024db46fda39f
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