The GFDL-CM4X Climate Model Hierarchy, Part II: Case Studies

Griffies, Stephen M.; Adcroft, Alistair; Beadling, Rebeca L.; Bushuk, Mitchell; Chang, Chiung-Yin; Drake, Henri F.; Dussin, Raphael; Hallberg, Robert W.; Hurlin, William J.; Khatri, Hemant; Krasting, John P.; Lobo, Matthew; MacGilchrist, Graeme A.; Reichl, Brandon G.; Sane, Aakash; Sergienko, Olga; Sonnewald, Maike; Steinberg, Jacob M.; Tesdal, Jan-Erik; Thomas, Matthew; Turner, Katherine E.; Ward, Marshall L.; Winton, Michael; Zadeh, Niki; Zanna, Laure; Zhang, Rong; Zhang, Wenda; Zhao, Ming

doi:10.1029/2024MS004862

i

The GFDL-CM4X Climate Model Hierarchy, Part II: Case Studies

2025
By: Griffies, Stephen M. ; Adcroft, Alistair ; Beadling, Rebeca L.
Source: Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, 17, e2024MS004862

[PDF - 14.39 MB]

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Journal Title:

Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems
Personal Author:

Griffies, Stephen M. ; Adcroft, Alistair ; Beadling, Rebeca L. ; Bushuk, Mitchell ; Chang, Chiung-Yin ; Drake, Henri F. ; Dussin, Raphael ; Hallberg, Robert W. ; Hurlin, William J. ; Khatri, Hemant ; Krasting, John P. ; Lobo, Matthew ; MacGilchrist, Graeme A. ; Reichl, Brandon G. ; Sane, Aakash ; Sergienko, Olga ; Sonnewald, Maike ; Steinberg, Jacob M. ; Tesdal, Jan-Erik ; Thomas, Matthew ; Turner, Katherine E. ; Ward, Marshall L. ; Winton, Michael ; Zadeh, Niki ; Zanna, Laure ; Zhang, Rong ; Zhang, Wenda ; Zhao, Ming
NOAA Program & Office:

OAR (Oceanic and Atmospheric Research) ; GFDL (Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory) ; CIMES (Cooperative Institute for Modeling the Earth System)
Description:

This paper is Part II of a two-part paper that documents the Climate Model version 4X (CM4X) hierarchy of coupled climate models developed at the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory. Part I of this paper is presented in Griffies et al. (2025a, https://doi.org/10.1029/2024MS004861). Here we present a suite of case studies that examine ocean and sea ice features that are targeted for further research, which include sea level, eastern boundary upwelling, Arctic and Southern Ocean sea ice, Southern Ocean circulation, and North Atlantic circulation. The case studies are based on experiments that follow the protocol of version 6 from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project. The analysis reveals a systematic improvement in the simulation fidelity of CM4X relative to its CM4.0 predecessor, as well as an improvement when refining the ocean/sea ice horizontal grid spacing from the of CM4X-p25 to the of CM4X-p125. Even so, there remain many outstanding biases, thus pointing to the need for further grid refinements, enhancements to numerical methods, and/or advances in parameterizations, each of which target long-standing model biases and limitations.
Keywords:
- Climate model
Source:

Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, 17, e2024MS004862
DOI:

https://doi.org/10.1029/2024MS004862
Format:

PDF
Document Type:

Journal Article
Funding:

Grant no. NA18OAR4320123 ; Grant no. NA19OAR4310365 ; Grant no. NA18NWS4620043B ; Grant no. NA23OAR4320198
License:

https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Rights Information:

CC BY
Compliance:

Submitted
Download URL:

https://repository.library.noaa.gov/view/noaa/72621/noaa_72621_DS1.pdf
File Type:

[PDF - 14.39 MB]
Collection(s):

Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research (OAR) ; NOAA Cooperative Institutes
Main Document Checksum:

urn:sha-512:f12c33252f46f9dc8256883f8bee72be02c3b4317525283c74d3ee9e0be1d8cd4d30406debe11a2306e837597b5c86056062f4dd6370f5e9bae6baca5d5d4c24

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