Global Climate

Dunn, R. J. H.; Blannin, J.; Willett, K. M.; Gobron, N.; Morris, G. A.; Ades, Melanie; Adler, Robert; Alexe, Mihai; Allan, Richard P.; Anderson, John; Anneville, Orlane; Aono, Yasuyuki; Arguez, Anthony; Armenteras-Pascual, Dolors; Arosio, Carlo; Asher, Elizabeth; Augustine, John A.; Azorin-Molina, Cesar; Baez-Villanueva, Oscar M.; Barichivich, Jonathan; Baron, Alexandre; Beck, Hylke E.; Bellouin, Nicolas; Benedetti, Angela; Blenkinsop, Stephen; Bock, Olivier; Bodin, Xavier; Bonte, Olivier; Bosilovich, Michael G.; Boucher, Olivier; Bowman, Kevin; Buehler, Sarah A.; Bunno, Ayaka; Byrne, Michael; Campos, Diego; Cappucci, Fabrizio; Carrea, Laura; Casado-Rodríguez, Jesús; Chang, Kai-Lan; Christiansen, Hanne H.; Christy, John R.; Chung, Eui-Seok; Ciasto, Laura M.; Clingan, Scott; Coldewey-Egbers, Melanie; Cooley, Sarah; Cooper, Owen R.; Cornes, Richard C.; Covey, Curt; Crétaux, Jean-Francois; Crimmins, Theresa; Crotwell, Molly; Culpepper, Joshua; Cusicanqui, Diego; Davis, Sean M.; de Jeu, Richard A. M.; de Laat, Jos; Degenstein, Doug; Delaloye, Reynald; Di Tomaso, Enza; Dokulil, Martin T.; Donat, Markus G.; Dorigo, Wouter A.; Dugan, Hilary; Durre, Imke; Dutton, Geoff; Effertz, Peter; Enno, Sven-Erik; Estilow, Thomas W.; Estrella, Nicole; Fereday, David; Fioletov, Vitali E.; Flemming, Johannes; Formanek, Maud; Foster, Michael J.; Frederikse, Thomas; Frith, Stacey M.; Froidevaux, Lucien; Füllekrug, Martin; Gallemann, Thomas; Garforth, Judith; Garg, Jay; Ghent, Darren; Gollop, Amee; Good, Elizabeth; Goodman, Steven; Goto, Atsushi; Grimaldi, Stefania; Gruber, Alexander; Gu, Guojun; Guglielmin, Mauro; Haghdoost, Shekoofeh; Hahn, Sebastian; Haimberger, Leopold; Hall, Brad D.; Harlan, Merritt E.; Harris, Bethan L.; Harris, Ian; Hemming, Deborah L.; Ho, Shu-peng (Ben); Holliday, Rebecca; Holzworth, Robert; Horton, Radley M.; Hrbáček, Filip; Hu, Guojie; Inness, Antje; Isaksen, Ketil; John, Viju O.; Jones, Philip D.; Junod, Robert; Kääb, Andreas; Kaiser, Johannes W.; Kaufmann, Viktor; Kellerer-Pirklbauer, Andreas; Kent, Elizabeth C.; Khaykin, Sergey; Kidd, Richard; Kipling, Zak; Kirkpatrick, Sarah; Kondragunta, Shobha; Kovács, Dávid D.; Kraemer, Benjamin M.; Laas, Alo; Lan, Xin; Lantz, Kathleen O.; Lavers, David A.; Leibensperger, Eric; Lems, Johanna; Lennard, Chris; Levenson, Eric S.; Liley, Ben; Lo, Y. T. Eunice; Loeb, Norman G.; Loyola, Diego; Macara, Gregor; Magnin, Florence; Matsuzaki, Shin-Ichiro; Matthews, Tom; Mayer, Michael; McVicar, Tim R.; Mears, Carl A.; Menzel, Annette; Merchant, Christopher J.; Meyer, Michael F.; Miralles, Diego G.; Montzka, Stephan A.; Morice, Colin; Morino, Isamu; Mrekaj, Ivan; Mühle, Jens; Nance, D.; Nicolas, Julien P.; Noetzli, Jeannette; O’Keefe, John; Ollinik, Jessica Erin; Osborn, Timothy J.; Parrington, Mark; Pellet, Cécile; Pelto, Mauri; Pennington, Elyse; Petersen, Kyle; Phillips, Coda; Pierson, Don; Pinto, Izidine; Po-Chedley, Stephen; Pogliotti, Paolo; Polvani, Lorenzo; Preimesberger, Wolfgang; Price, Colin; Pulkkanen, Merja; Randel, William J.; Raymond, Colin; Remy, Samuel; Ricciardulli, Lucrezia; Richardson, Andrew D.; Robinson, David A.; Rodell, Matthew; Rodriguez-Fernandez, Nemesio; Rogers, Cassandra D.W.; Rohini, P.; Rosenlof, Karen H.; Rozanov, Alexei; Rozkošný, Jozef; Rusanovskaya, Olga O.; Rutishauser, This; Sabeerali, C. T.; Sakai, Tetsu; Salamon, Peter; Sánchez-Lugo, Ahira; Sawaengphokhai, Parnchai; Schenzinger, Verena; Schmid, Martin; Sezaki, Fumi; Shao, Xi; Sharma, Sapna; Shi, Lei; Shimaraeva, Svetlana V.; Shinohara, Ryuichiro; Silow, Eugene A.; Simmons, Adrian J.; Smith, Katie; Smith, Sharon L.; Soden, Brian J.; Sofieva, Viktoria; Soldo, Logan; Sreejith, O. P.; Stackhouse, Jr.; Stauffer, Ryan M.; Steinbrecht, Wolfgang; Steiner, Andrea K.; Stevens, Thea; Stoy, Paul C.; Streletskiy, Dmitry A.; Taha, Ghassan; Thackeray, Stephen J.; Thibert, Emmanuel; Timofeyev, Maxim A.; Tourpali, Kleareti; Tronquo, Emma; Tye, Mari R.; Urraca, Ruben; van der A, Ronald; van der Schrier, Gerard; VanScoy, Greta; van Vliet, Arnold J. H.; Veal, Karen; Verburg, Piet; Vernier, Jean-Paul; Vimont, Isaac J.; Viticchie, Bartolomeo; Vivero, Sebastián; Vömel, Holger; Vose, Russell S.; Wang, Donqian; Wang, Ray H. J.; Waring, Abigail Marie; Warnock, Taran; Weber, Mark; Wei, Zigang; Wiese, David N.; Wild, Jeannette D.; Williams, Earle; Wong, Takmeng; Wood, Tom; Woolway, Richard Iestyn; Worden, John; Yang, Kai; Yin, Xungang; Zeng, Zhenzhong; Zhao, Lin; Ziemke, Jerry R.; Ziese, Markus; Zotta, Ruxandra-Maria; Zou, Cheng-Zhi

doi:10.1175/BAMS-D-25-0102.1

i

Global Climate

2025
By Dunn, R. J. H. ; Blannin, J. ; Willett, K. M. ; ...

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Journal Title:

Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
Personal Author:

Dunn, R. J. H. ; Blannin, J. ; Willett, K. M. ; Gobron, N. ; Morris, G. A. ; Ades, Melanie ; Adler, Robert ; Alexe, Mihai ; Allan, Richard P. ; Anderson, John ; Anneville, Orlane ; Aono, Yasuyuki ; Arguez, Anthony ; Armenteras-Pascual, Dolors ; Arosio, Carlo ; Asher, Elizabeth ; Augustine, John A. ; Azorin-Molina, Cesar ; Baez-Villanueva, Oscar M. ; Barichivich, Jonathan ; Baron, Alexandre ; Beck, Hylke E. ; Bellouin, Nicolas ; Benedetti, Angela ; Blenkinsop, Stephen ; Bock, Olivier ; Bodin, Xavier ; Bonte, Olivier ; Bosilovich, Michael G. ; Boucher, Olivier ; Bowman, Kevin ; Buehler, Sarah A. ; Bunno, Ayaka ; Byrne, Michael ; Campos, Diego ; Cappucci, Fabrizio ; Carrea, Laura ; Casado-Rodríguez, Jesús ; Chang, Kai-Lan ; Christiansen, Hanne H. ; Christy, John R. ; Chung, Eui-Seok ; Ciasto, Laura M. ; Clingan, Scott ; Coldewey-Egbers, Melanie ; Cooley, Sarah ; Cooper, Owen R. ; Cornes, Richard C. ; Covey, Curt ; Crétaux, Jean-Francois ; Crimmins, Theresa ; Crotwell, Molly ; Culpepper, Joshua ; Cusicanqui, Diego ; Davis, Sean M. ; de Jeu, Richard A. M. ; de Laat, Jos ; Degenstein, Doug ; Delaloye, Reynald ; Di Tomaso, Enza ; Dokulil, Martin T. ; Donat, Markus G. ; Dorigo, Wouter A. ; Dugan, Hilary ; Durre, Imke ; Dutton, Geoff ; Effertz, Peter ; Enno, Sven-Erik ; Estilow, Thomas W. ; Estrella, Nicole ; Fereday, David ; Fioletov, Vitali E. ; Flemming, Johannes ; Formanek, Maud ; Foster, Michael J. ; Frederikse, Thomas ; Frith, Stacey M. ; Froidevaux, Lucien ; Füllekrug, Martin ; Gallemann, Thomas ; Garforth, Judith ; Garg, Jay ; Ghent, Darren ; Gollop, Amee ; Good, Elizabeth ; Goodman, Steven ; Goto, Atsushi ; Grimaldi, Stefania ; Gruber, Alexander ; Gu, Guojun ; Guglielmin, Mauro ; Haghdoost, Shekoofeh ; Hahn, Sebastian ; Haimberger, Leopold ; Hall, Brad D. ; Harlan, Merritt E. ; Harris, Bethan L. ; Harris, Ian ; Hemming, Deborah L. ; Ho, Shu-peng (Ben) ; Holliday, Rebecca ; Holzworth, Robert ; Horton, Radley M. ; Hrbáček, Filip ; Hu, Guojie ; Inness, Antje ; Isaksen, Ketil ; John, Viju O. ; Jones, Philip D. ; Junod, Robert ; Kääb, Andreas ; Kaiser, Johannes W. ; Kaufmann, Viktor ; Kellerer-Pirklbauer, Andreas ; Kent, Elizabeth C. ; Khaykin, Sergey ; Kidd, Richard ; Kipling, Zak ; Kirkpatrick, Sarah ; Kondragunta, Shobha ; Kovács, Dávid D. ; Kraemer, Benjamin M. ; Laas, Alo ; Lan, Xin ; Lantz, Kathleen O. ; Lavers, David A. ; Leibensperger, Eric ; Lems, Johanna ; Lennard, Chris ; Levenson, Eric S. ; Liley, Ben ; Lo, Y. T. Eunice ; Loeb, Norman G. ; Loyola, Diego ; Macara, Gregor ; Magnin, Florence ; Matsuzaki, Shin-Ichiro ; Matthews, Tom ; Mayer, Michael ; McVicar, Tim R. ; Mears, Carl A. ; Menzel, Annette ; Merchant, Christopher J. ; Meyer, Michael F. ; Miralles, Diego G. ; Montzka, Stephan A. ; Morice, Colin ; Morino, Isamu ; Mrekaj, Ivan ; Mühle, Jens ; Nance, D. ; Nicolas, Julien P. ; Noetzli, Jeannette ; O’Keefe, John ; Ollinik, Jessica Erin ; Osborn, Timothy J. ; Parrington, Mark ; Pellet, Cécile ; Pelto, Mauri ; Pennington, Elyse ; Petersen, Kyle ; Phillips, Coda ; Pierson, Don ; Pinto, Izidine ; Po-Chedley, Stephen ; Pogliotti, Paolo ; Polvani, Lorenzo ; Preimesberger, Wolfgang ; Price, Colin ; Pulkkanen, Merja ; Randel, William J. ; Raymond, Colin ; Remy, Samuel ; Ricciardulli, Lucrezia ; Richardson, Andrew D. ; Robinson, David A. ; Rodell, Matthew ; Rodriguez-Fernandez, Nemesio ; Rogers, Cassandra D.W. ; Rohini, P. ; Rosenlof, Karen H. ; Rozanov, Alexei ; Rozkošný, Jozef ; Rusanovskaya, Olga O. ; Rutishauser, This ; Sabeerali, C. T. ; Sakai, Tetsu ; Salamon, Peter ; Sánchez-Lugo, Ahira ; Sawaengphokhai, Parnchai ; Schenzinger, Verena ; Schmid, Martin ; Sezaki, Fumi ; Shao, Xi ; Sharma, Sapna ; Shi, Lei ; Shimaraeva, Svetlana V. ; Shinohara, Ryuichiro ; Silow, Eugene A. ; Simmons, Adrian J. ; Smith, Katie ; Smith, Sharon L. ; Soden, Brian J. ; Sofieva, Viktoria ; Soldo, Logan ; Sreejith, O. P. ; Stackhouse, Jr. ; Stauffer, Ryan M. ; Steinbrecht, Wolfgang ; Steiner, Andrea K. ; Stevens, Thea ; Stoy, Paul C. ; Streletskiy, Dmitry A. ; Taha, Ghassan ; Thackeray, Stephen J. ; Thibert, Emmanuel ; Timofeyev, Maxim A. ; Tourpali, Kleareti ; Tronquo, Emma ; Tye, Mari R. ; Urraca, Ruben ; van der A, Ronald ; van der Schrier, Gerard ; VanScoy, Greta ; van Vliet, Arnold J. H. ; Veal, Karen ; Verburg, Piet ; Vernier, Jean-Paul ; Vimont, Isaac J. ; Viticchie, Bartolomeo ; Vivero, Sebastián ; Vömel, Holger ; Vose, Russell S. ; Wang, Donqian ; Wang, Ray H. J. ; Waring, Abigail Marie ; Warnock, Taran ; Weber, Mark ; Wei, Zigang ; Wiese, David N. ; Wild, Jeannette D. ; Williams, Earle ; Wong, Takmeng ; Wood, Tom ; Woolway, Richard Iestyn ; Worden, John ; Yang, Kai ; Yin, Xungang ; Zeng, Zhenzhong ; Zhao, Lin ; Ziemke, Jerry R. ; Ziese, Markus ; Zotta, Ruxandra-Maria ; Zou, Cheng-Zhi
NOAA Program & Office:

NESDIS (National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service) ; NWS (National Weather Service) ; OAR (Oceanic and Atmospheric Research) ; CIMSS (Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies) ; CIRES (Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences) ; CPC (Climate Prediction Center) ; CSL (Chemical Sciences Laboratory) ; GML (Global Monitoring Laboratory) ; NCEI (National Centers for Environmental Information) ; NCEP (National Centers for Environmental Prediction) ; STAR (Center for Satellite Applications and Research)
Description:

For the second year in a row, record-high global surface temperatures were set in 2024, according to all six global temperature datasets assessed in this report (Berkeley Earth, GISTEMP, HadCRUT5, the NOAA Merged Land Ocean Global Surface Temperature Analysis [NOAAGlobalTemp], ERA5, and the Japanese Reanalysis for Three Quarters of a Century [JRA-3Q]). The last time consecutive years set records was in 2015 and 2016 when a strong El Niño similarly boosted global temperatures. The last 10 years (2015–24) are now the warmest 10 in the instrumental record—warmer than the 2011–20 average—and hence “more likely than not warmer than any multi-century period after the last interglacial period, roughly 125,000 years ago” (Gulev et al. 2021). The increased energy within the climate system is detectable at the top of the atmosphere, with the outgoing longwave radiation anomaly continuing to be above the range of natural variability.
Source:

Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 106(8), S11-S172
DOI:

https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-25-0102.1
ISSN:

0003-0007 ; 1520-0477
Format:

pdf
Publisher:

American Meteorological Society
Document Type:

Journal Article
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urn:sha-512:890c99175f1fd045d914ea622375c5500d5495eba9c63241ebf21ddbf93341f0d5089e21d78b44867fee675c4f6be78a92f77fa7c5ea6e8aba309e1d8f02854d
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https://repository.library.noaa.gov/view/noaa/71485/noaa_71485_DS1.pdf
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