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Effects of hypoxia and elevated ammonia concentration on the viability of red snapper embryos and early larvae
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2016
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Source: Aquaculture, 459, 148-155
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Journal Title:Aquaculture
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Description:The effects of hypoxic conditions and elevated ammonia concentrations on the viability of embryos and newly hatched larvae of the red snapper (Lutjanus campechanus) were investigated. In all experiments, tested levels of hypoxia or ammonia concentrations were applied to embryos and unfed newly hatched larvae from three different spawns. Exposures began at 1 h post fertilization (pf) and lasted until all individuals in a group had expired. Survival rates were monitored daily in duplicates for each spawn in each treatment. Fertilized eggs exposed to 2 mg L− 1 dissolved oxygen (29% saturation) showed complete mortality before hatch while 81% of embryos in control groups (> 85% saturation) hatched and subsequently maintained high survival until 5 days pf. Exposure to a moderate hypoxia (target 3 mg L− 1, 43% saturation) reduced significantly the hatch rate and subsequent survival rates; the magnitude of the difference in survival rate between control and exposed groups increased from 10% at hatch to 45% at 5 days pf. When oxygen concentration was maintained high (83% saturation) until 36 h pf and then progressively reduced to reach 3 mg L− 1 at 2 days pf, the survival of exposed embryos and larvae did not differ significantly from those recorded in control groups, although potential delayed or cumulative effects of the treatment after 4 days pf could not be evaluated in this experiment.
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Source:Aquaculture, 459, 148-155
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ISSN:0044-8486
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Rights Information:Accepted Manuscript
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Compliance:Library
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