Shear-Relative Asymmetric Kinematic Characteristics of Intensifying Hurricanes as Observed by Airborne Doppler Radar

Shimada, Udai; Reasor, Paul D.; Rogers, Robert F.; Fischer, Michael S.; Marks, Frank D.; Zawislak, Jonathan A.; Zhang, Jun A.

doi:10.1175/MWR-D-22-0340.1

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Shear-Relative Asymmetric Kinematic Characteristics of Intensifying Hurricanes as Observed by Airborne Doppler Radar

2024
By Shimada, Udai ; Reasor, Paul D. ; Rogers, Robert F. ; ...
Source: Monthly Weather Review, 152(2), 491-512

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Journal Title:

Monthly Weather Review
Personal Author:

Shimada, Udai ; Reasor, Paul D. ; Rogers, Robert F. ; Fischer, Michael S. ; Marks, Frank D. ; ... More +

Shimada, Udai ; Reasor, Paul D. ; Rogers, Robert F. ; Fischer, Michael S. ; Marks, Frank D. ; Zawislak, Jonathan A. ; Zhang, Jun A. Less -
NOAA Program & Office:

OAR (Oceanic and Atmospheric Research) ; AOML (Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory) ; CIMAS (Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies)

OAR (Oceanic and Atmospheric Research) ; AOML (Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory) ; CIMAS (Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies) Less -
Description:

While recent observational studies of intensifying (IN) versus steady-state (SS) hurricanes have noted several differences in their axisymmetric and asymmetric structures, there remain gaps in the characterization of these differences in a fully three-dimensional framework. To address these limitations, this study investigates differences in the shear-relative asymmetric structure between IN and SS hurricanes using airborne Doppler radar data from a dataset covering an extended period of time. Statistics from individual cases show that IN cases are characterized by peak wavenumber-1 ascent concentrated in the upshear-left (USL) quadrant at ∼12-km height, consistent with previous studies. Moderate updrafts (2–6 m s−1) occur more frequently in the downshear eyewall for IN cases than for SS cases, likely leading to a higher frequency of moderate to strong updrafts USL above 9-km height. Composites of IN cases show that low-level outflow from the eye region associated with maximum wavenumber-1 vorticity inside the radius of maximum wind (RMW) in the downshear-left quadrant converges with low-level inflow outside the RMW, forming a stronger local secondary circulation in the downshear eyewall than SS cases. The vigorous eyewall convection of IN cases produces a net vertical mass flux increasing with height up to ∼5 km and then is almost constant up to 10 km, whereas the net vertical mass flux of SS cases decreases with height above 4 km. Strong USL upper-level ascent provides greater potential for the vertical development of the hurricane vortex, which is argued to be favorable for continued intensification in shear environments.
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Atmospheric Science
Source:

Monthly Weather Review, 152(2), 491-512
DOI:

https://doi.org/10.1175/MWR-D-22-0340.1
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0027-0644;1520-0493;
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PDF
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American Meteorological Society
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Journal Article
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urn:sha256:7e08b2fbbade4972ae3df0230b731d1d1881ad31abd46d9c6b92890f4549e82a
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https://repository.library.noaa.gov/view/noaa/56760/noaa_56760_DS1.pdf
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Shear-Relative Asymmetric Kinematic Characteristics of Intensifying Hurricanes as Observed by Airborne Doppler Radar

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