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Description:Recent regulations discourage the use of river or lake water for direct cooling in industrial processes. The trend is towards' the increased use of evaporative cooling towers, in which hot water is cooled by the evaporation of part of the water into a passing air stream. The vertical.flow of air through the tower can be driven by natural buoyancy forces or by fans. In order to estimate the effects on the environment of heat and moisture discharges from proposed cooling towers, it' necessary to develop theoretical or empirical models of these physical processes and verify them with observations. It is clear from the few environmental impact statements that we have see (references I and 2 are good examples) that there currently are no standard methods for estimating plume rise and cloud formation from cooling towers. Furthermore, observations of cooling tower plumes are very limited. In this paper, methods of estimating cooling tower plume rise and the possibility of condensation will be outlined.
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Rights Information:CC0 Public Domain
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