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Description:This booklet is divided into three parts. Part 1 contains sea state photographs to assist shipboard observers estimating wind speed. Part 2 contains cloud photographs for use in determining cloud type. Part 3 is a glossary with terms and definitions. Wind of 98 knots or less is coded in actual knots as ff in group Nddff of the Ships Synoptic Code. For wind of 99 knots or greater, fff in group OOfff is coded with the actual wind speed in knots, and ff is coded as 99. Cloud type is coded in group 8NhCLCMCH of the ships synoptic code. See the Ships Code Card or NWS Observing Handbook No. 1 for detailed information about coding procedures. Since most ships do not have a wind measuring instrument such as an anemometer, wind speed is usually determined by noting the appearance of the sea and estimating the Beaufort Force. This method provides a true measure of wind speed. There is no need to factor out the speed of the ship. The most reliable observations of sea state are made by keeping a close, continuous watch on the sea, and being aware of any swell that may be present. The best way to become proficient in cloud identification is to combine plenty of practice with careful study of the cloud descriptions and photographs. There is a gradual transition between many of the cloud types. Try to keep a close watch on their development and change.
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Rights Information:CC0 Public Domain
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