Systematic way to understand and classify the shared‐room airborne transmission risk of indoor spaces
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Systematic way to understand and classify the shared‐room airborne transmission risk of indoor spaces

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Details:

  • Journal Title:
    Indoor Air
  • Personal Author:
  • NOAA Program & Office:
    CIRES (Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences)
  • Description:
    The COVID-19 pandemic has brought a new appreciation of the importance of airborne disease transmission. Airborne transmission is caused by the inhalation of pathogen-containing aerosols that are produced by an infected person.1 Before the pandemic, the main accepted airborne diseases were tuberculosis, measles, and chickenpox. At the start of the pandemic, WHO concluded that COVID-19 was a contact/droplet/fomite disease, understood to mean either direct physical contact, or a spray of ballistic larger particles that impact on eyes, nostrils, or mouth, or are picked up by hands and delivered to the same body parts.1, 2 However, it has become clear that COVID-19 really is a predominantly airborne disease.3, 4 A re-examination of literature evidence also concluded that all or almost all transmissible respiratory diseases are airborne, including influenza, SARS, MERS, and rhinovirus.5 In hindsight, this is not so surprising: respiratory diseases infect the respiratory system, and aerosols of pathogen-containing respiratory fluid and saliva are generated when breathing, talking, singing, shouting, coughing, or sneezing. Inhalation of those aerosols leads to their deposition in the respiratory tract of susceptible people, potentially initiating infection.5 A smaller fraction of COVID-19 transmission may occur through either deposition of respiratory aerosols on the eyes, large droplet spray, direct contact (e.g., kissing), or through inhalation of aerosols containing fecal material or emitted from resuspension of fomites. In principle, surface touch (fomites) can also lead to infection, although with low probability.6
  • Keywords:
  • Source:
    Indoor Air, 32(5)
  • DOI:
  • ISSN:
    0905-6947;1600-0668;
  • Format:
    PDF
  • Publisher:
    Hindawi Limited
  • Document Type:
    Journal Article
  • License:
  • Rights Information:
    CC BY
  • Compliance:
    Library
  • Main Document Checksum:
  • Download URL:
  • File Type:

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