Source Apportionment of Ambient Particulate Matter (PM) in Two Western African Urban Sites (Dakar in Senegal and Bamako in Mali)

Doumbia, Thierno; Liousse, Catherine; Ouafo-Leumbe, Marie-Roumy; Ndiaye, Seydi Ababacar; Gardrat, Eric; Galy-Lacaux, Corinne; Zouiten, Cyril; Yoboué, Véronique; Granier, Claire

doi:10.3390/atmos14040684

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Source Apportionment of Ambient Particulate Matter (PM) in Two Western African Urban Sites (Dakar in Senegal and Bamako in Mali)

2023
By Doumbia, Thierno ; Liousse, Catherine ; Ouafo-Leumbe, Marie-Roumy ; ...
Source: Atmosphere, 14(4), 684

[PDF-4.19 MB]

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Details:

Journal Title:

Atmosphere
Personal Author:

Doumbia, Thierno ; Liousse, Catherine ; Ouafo-Leumbe, Marie-Roumy ; Ndiaye, Seydi Ababacar ; Gardrat, Eric ; ... More +

Doumbia, Thierno ; Liousse, Catherine ; Ouafo-Leumbe, Marie-Roumy ; Ndiaye, Seydi Ababacar ; Gardrat, Eric ; Galy-Lacaux, Corinne ; Zouiten, Cyril ; Yoboué, Véronique ; Granier, Claire Less -
NOAA Program & Office:

OAR (Oceanic and Atmospheric Research) ; CIRES (Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences) ; CSL (Chemical Sciences Laboratory)

OAR (Oceanic and Atmospheric Research) ; CIRES (Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences) ; CSL (Chemical Sciences Laboratory) Less -
Description:

Following population growth and rapid urbanization, West African cities have become major sources of anthropogenic pollution. Additionally, Saharan dust has had a significant impact, representing a potentially toxic mix of sources for the population. This study characterizes the atmospheric composition and its sources in two African capitals, Bamako, Mali and Dakar, Senegal. TSP, PM10 and PM2.5 samples were collected during the dry season in 2009 when pollution levels were high: chemical analysis included organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), ions, and metals. PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations were 5–10 times and 3–8 times higher, respectively, than the 2005 WHO 24 h standards. Using PCA and PMF methodologies, five sources were identified in each city. In Bamako, traffic (motor vehicles and resuspended road dust) was the prevailing source of PM2.5 and PM10, accounting for 47% and 45%, respectively. Crustal dust was the second most important source (24–30%), followed by solid fuel combustion (16–13%) and secondary aerosols (10–16%). In Dakar, the following sources of PM2.5 and PM10 are identified: traffic (49%), mineral dust (16–25%), sea salts (15–20%) and industries (10–11%). Our study provides crucial information about the historical change in source characteristics in these two African cities, which can help for future mitigation strategies.
Keywords:

[+]

Atmospheric Science Environmental Science (miscellaneous)
Source:

Atmosphere, 14(4), 684
DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos14040684
ISSN:

2073-4433
Format:

PDF
Publisher:

MDPI AG
Document Type:

Journal Article
License:

https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Rights Information:

CC BY
Compliance:

Library
Main Document Checksum:

[+]

urn:sha256:31ea56be9eb7e94587345e40953206d1b69b6fbb289da246a0141a14f2777c7e
Download URL:

https://repository.library.noaa.gov/view/noaa/53028/noaa_53028_DS1.pdf
File Type:

Machine readable version (XML)

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