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Increasing hypoxia on global coral reefs under ocean warming
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2023
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Source: Nat. Clim. Chang. 13, 403–409 (2023)
[PDF-934.99 KB]
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Journal Title:Nature Climate Change
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Description:Ocean deoxygenation is predicted to threaten marine ecosystems globally. However, current and future oxygen concentrations and the occurrence of hypoxic events on coral reefs remain underexplored. Here, using autonomous sensor data to explore oxygen variability and hypoxia exposure at 32 representative reef sites, we reveal that hypoxia is already pervasive on many reefs. Eighty-four percent of reefs experienced weak to moderate (≤153 µmol O2 kg−1 to ≤92 µmol O2 kg−1) hypoxia and 13% experienced severe (≤61 µmol O2 kg−1) hypoxia. Under different climate change scenarios based on four Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs), we show that projected ocean warming and deoxygenation will increase the duration, intensity and severity of hypoxia, with more than 94% and 31% of reefs experiencing weak to moderate and severe hypoxia, respectively, by 2100 under SSP5-8.5. This projected oxygen loss could have negative consequences for coral reef taxa due to the key role of oxygen in organism functioning and fitness.
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Content Notes:We thank K. Inoha, R.-W. Syu and all field station administrators and field assistants who were essential in collecting these datasets. Any use of trade, firm or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. Funding was provided by the National Science Foundation: OCE-1255042 (A.J.A.), OCE-1829778 (A.J.A.), OCE-1538495 (D.I.K. and M.T.), OCE-1459255 (M.D.D) and OPP-1951294 (M.D.D); Belmont Forum/NSF ICER 2029205 (A.J.A.); UCSD Marine Sciences grant no. A105437 (A.J.A.); the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship DGE-2038238 (A.K.P.); a Philanthropic Educational Organization International Scholar Award (A.K.P.); the NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program and NOAA Ocean Acidification Program, through the NOAA National Coral Reef Monitoring Program (H.C.B.); the US Geological Survey Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program-funded data collection at Crocker Reef, Florida, USA (K.K.Y.46); internal funding from the Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology (S.M.); and the Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan grant no. 107-2611-M-019-001-MY3 (W.-C.C.). Funding for the long-term monitoring programme on Palmyra Atoll was provided to Smith Lab (J.E.S.) from the Bohn Family Foundation and the Bill and Kathy Scripps Family Foundation.
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Source:Nat. Clim. Chang. 13, 403–409 (2023)
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Rights Information:Accepted Manuscript
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Compliance:Submitted
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