New On-Orbit Calibration Approach of SNPP VIIRS Reflective Solar Bands Using the Full Profile of Direct Solar Illumination of Solar Diffuser
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New On-Orbit Calibration Approach of SNPP VIIRS Reflective Solar Bands Using the Full Profile of Direct Solar Illumination of Solar Diffuser

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  • Journal Title:
    IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing
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  • Description:
    A methodological variant of the standard on-orbit calibration of reflective solar bands (RSBs) is presented for the Visible Imaging Infrared Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) housed in the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (SNPP) satellite. The new variant uses the full profile of direct solar illumination of the solar diffuser (SD), including both full and partial illuminations, to characterize the on-orbit gain change of the RSBs, differing from the standard approach that uses a smaller “sweet spot” subinterval within the full-illumination stage. The extended incident angular range of the solar light requires a new characterization analysis of the impact of the transmission function of the SD screen, SD bidirectional reflectance factor (BRF), and other affected calibration steps. Instead of the standard a priori derivation of the known characterization functions for the wider range, this analysis directly characterizes their manifested impact in the instrument data through a step-by-step extraction from a selected three-year period to build up a series of intermediate functions that are applicable mission-long. This newly adopted procedure presents a significant simplification as well as more clarity of the characterization analysis. The new RSB calibration coefficient of the full-profile approach is extracted for all 14 RSBs of SNPP VIIRS and is shown to be stable and smooth at the level of 0.1%. For bands M5 and above, the full-profile result achieves excellent agreement with the standard result, whereas results for bands M1-M4 diverge, in particular up to 2% for band M1, the shortest wavelength RSB at 410 nm. The finding elucidates a key challenge of the on-orbit RSB calibration arising from the nontrivial angular dependence of the on-orbit degradation of SD that introduces calibration error into any SD-based approach, such that the on-orbit RSB calibration result is not stable with different choices of the angular range of incident and outgoing light with respect to the SD. A detailed discussion of the nontrivial angular dependence in SD degradation is provided in the context of the known on-orbit RSB calibration results and recent findings, including discrepancy with the lunar-based calibration for bands M1-M4.
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  • Source:
    IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, vol. 57, no. 10, pp. 7704-7717, Oct. 2019
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    Accepted Manuscript
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    The NOAA IR provides access to this content under the authority of the government's retained license to distribute publications and data resulting from federal funding. While users may legally access this content, the copyright owners retain rights that govern the reproduction, redistribution, and re-use of this work. The user is solely responsible for complying with applicable copyright law.
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    Submitted
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