Storms drive outgassing of CO2 in the subpolar Southern Ocean

Nicholson, Sarah-Anne; Whitt, Daniel B.; Fer, Ilker; du Plessis, Marcel D.; Lebéhot, Alice D.; Swart, Sebastiaan; Sutton, Adrienne J.; Monteiro, Pedro M. S.

doi:10.1038/s41467-021-27780-w

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Storms drive outgassing of CO2 in the subpolar Southern Ocean

2022
By Nicholson, Sarah-Anne ; Whitt, Daniel B. ; Fer, Ilker ; ...
Source: Nat Commun 13, 158
Series: PMEL contribution ; 5231

[PDF-3.48 MB]

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Journal Title:

Nature Communications
Personal Author:

Nicholson, Sarah-Anne ; Whitt, Daniel B. ; Fer, Ilker ; du Plessis, Marcel D. ; Lebéhot, Alice D. ; ... More +

Nicholson, Sarah-Anne ; Whitt, Daniel B. ; Fer, Ilker ; du Plessis, Marcel D. ; Lebéhot, Alice D. ; Swart, Sebastiaan ; Sutton, Adrienne J. ; Monteiro, Pedro M. S. Less -
NOAA Program & Office:

OAR (Oceanic and Atmospheric Research) ; PMEL (Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory)

OAR (Oceanic and Atmospheric Research) ; PMEL (Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory) Less -
Description:

The subpolar Southern Ocean is a critical region where CO2 outgassing influences the global mean air-sea CO2 flux (FCO2). However, the processes controlling the outgassing remain elusive. We show, using a multi-glider dataset combining FCO2 and ocean turbulence, that the air-sea gradient of CO2 (∆pCO2) is modulated by synoptic storm-driven ocean variability (20 µatm, 1–10 days) through two processes. Ekman transport explains 60% of the variability, and entrainment drives strong episodic CO2 outgassing events of 2–4 mol m−2 yr−1. Extrapolation across the subpolar Southern Ocean using a process model shows how ocean fronts spatially modulate synoptic variability in ∆pCO2 (6 µatm2 average) and how spatial variations in stratification influence synoptic entrainment of deeper carbon into the mixed layer (3.5 mol m−2 yr−1 average). These results not only constrain aliased-driven uncertainties in FCO2 but also the effects of synoptic variability on slower seasonal or longer ocean physics-carbon dynamics.
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Carbon Dioxide Oceanography Storms
Source:

Nat Commun 13, 158
Series:

PMEL contribution ; 5231
DOI:

https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-27780-w
Document Type:

Journal Article
Funding:

Grant no. NA18OAR4310408
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CC BY
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Submitted
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urn:sha256:90a9eeff5a59bf7ab457dd8e2dece13e4b20ca4705c6ab441d630827ef55d50d
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https://repository.library.noaa.gov/view/noaa/40135/noaa_40135_DS1.pdf
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Storms drive outgassing of CO2 in the subpolar Southern Ocean

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